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The Analysis Of The Current Situation In Excavating Loader
Backactor loader commonly known as the "two head busy". Because it has the unique structure, and at the front end is loading device, the device for mining. In the site inside, you only need to turn the seat, can complete from loader to excavator gunner change of the role. Backactor loader mainly used for urban and rural highway construction and maintenance, cable laying, electric power and the airport project, municipal construction, irrigation and water conservancy construction, rural residential construction, founder of small stone and take JianZhuDui are engaged in all kinds of construction engineering. "Two head busy" belongs to the small multi-function engineering machinery, a general in the big project after completing the small engineering in use.
A, excavating loader classification
Backactor loader commonly known as the "two head busy", also with the loading, mining two functions. Backactor loader classified as follows:
1, structure
From the structure up points, excavating loader have two kinds of forms: one with lateral frame, another without lateral frame. The former is the biggest characteristic of mining equipment can lateral, facilitate the work in special, it in the state of transportation center of gravity is low, be helpful for loading and transportation. Defect is: the restriction on the structure, a leg more for straight leg, supporting point within the wheel edges, two strong point distance is lesser, when mining the poor stability (especially mining equipment lateral to the side). This type of excavating loader loading function key, in Europe more production; The latter of the digging device can't lateral, the mining equipment can work through rotary bearing the frame around the center made 180 ° rotation, a leg for frog legs type support, support to the wheels can be stretched the lateral partial, when mining good stability, be helpful for the improvement of the mining capacity. Since there is no lateral frame, reduced the cost. The disadvantage is a bucket in the car when suspension, envelop dimensions long, locomotive in transport and loading condition, poor stability, to load and transport have certain effect, this model function key in mining field, with the United States production in the majority.
2, power distribution
From the power distribution up points, excavating loader with two wheels (rear) drive and four-wheel (full wheels) drive two forms. The former cannot be fully exploit the adhesive weight, make the locomotive and the surface adhesion and traction decline than the latter, but cost much less than the latter.
3, chassis
Chassis up points: small multi-function engineering machinery commonly used three kinds of chassis, mini excavator mostly in the 20 kW power, the quality 1000-3000 kg, and the use of tracked the mobile mechanism, walking speed less than 5 km/h, more for the farm, garden and small turkmen homework. Because of its type slants small, cost is higher, at present it is difficult in domestic popularization; The power of the excavating loader in 30 to 60 kW machine heavy bigger, quality about in the 5000-8000 kg between, mining ability strong, use the wheel the mobile mechanism, all wheel drive, use to drive axle or hinged to the speed is higher, 20 km/h above, foreign farm, the infrastructure is used in large, road maintenance engineering, homework and large cubic metro of the construction site auxiliary homework. The machine appearance is bigger, flexibility is bad, it is difficult to adapt to the narrow field of assignments.
Two of the excavating loader, the domestic present situation and the development tendency
1, domestic technical status
At present our country backactor loader production enterprise have more than 10, mainly is the mountain work, work, liaoning chaoyang, smoke, xiamen, ChangLin liugong workers, north building, Germany, etc. At present the product output in 400 sets about to the left. From our small, multi-function dig with the development history of the scale of the mechanical watch, our country has been in excavating loader relatively backward state, its development at a slow pace. Our country in the early 1970 s began to develop our own design, first by Beijing building machinery factory successfully developed WZ2A and WZ2B type hydraulic backactor loader, 1987 yantai engineering machinery plant type ZL15WJ successfully trial-produced excavating loader. After construction machinery factory, was a fujian, shandong GuangRao hydraulic machinery factory has developed WZ25 type, DFH-904 WZ type, T55Z/w type backactor loader, to 1992 liuzhou backactor loader plant, liuzhou engineering machinery Co., LTD were developed WZ30-25 type and WZ25-20 type backactor loader.
Shandong engineering machine factory in July 2001 successfully developed the WZ30-25 type backactor loader.
The following several production product basically represents the current domestic backactor loader level of technology:
(1) the ChangLin WZ30-25 backactor loader: engine system chooses cummins turbocharged engines, rated power 63 kN, accord with the European emissions standards. Standard cars to its (front axle) for the driver swinging bridge, bearings imported components. USES imported designed for excavating loader supporting the axles (driving axle). With a free maintenance of wet brake, greatly improving the traffic safety and reliability. Take differential lock, and improve the performance of the whole vehicle traction. Standard cars for two wheel drive, based on user needs equipped with four-wheel drive. The hydraulic system adopt efficient gear single pump system, main components such as pump, valve, steering gear and foreign famous company all use products.
(2) the yantai engineering machinery plant production WZ25-20 type: WZ25-20 type backactor loader is mainly the loader, front end modified multi-purpose after the bucket, the mining equipment and into. Yituo dongfanghong 904 WZ type of excavating loader in Italian fiat technology is introduced LF90 type tractor manufacturing basis. Supporting design is forward after loading, mining and other functions of agricultural engineering machinery.
(3) liuzhou backactor loader plant WZ30-25 type: liuzhou backactor loader factory WZ30-25 type backactor loader and liuzhou engineering machinery Co., LTD WZ30-developed 20 type backactor loader, all is in the digestion and absorption of CAT backactor loader based on technology, in combination with the process features of new products developed in the new models using special chassis, used the same load with CAT company sensing control technology. Because the two section type USES is variable system, therefore the purity of the system and components can be against sex requirement is higher.
(4) the liuzhou Macao liu machinery Co., LTD HACH995E series backactor loader: engine: equipped with advanced turbocharged diesel engine, the power rating reached 95 horse power, and in the 1500 RPM speed of 384 ft-lb) torque, core key components are imported the world famous brand product, has higher reliability. The appearance of the new modelling beautiful and easy, cabin space more; One of the standard configuration four bucket, to make the machine has more features and applications. A variety of work attachments can be selected, do more work; Using backactor loader special frame. Cabin is independent replaceable, through the five shock absorber and frame connection. The hydraulic oil tank, fuel is also independent replaceable, and is low layout, to reduce machine focus, improve stability, and suitable for stand on the floor for oil filling and repair. They also become part of the boarding ladder, convenient in and out of the operator.
(5) TaiAnShi loader plant WZ30-25 type: the power system: this machine is used for cummins 4 BT3. 9-C74 type turbo engine, the structure is compact, large power and low fuel consumption, low noise, long life and reliable work, etc. Low-temperature start performance is good, especially suitable for the north. Hydraulic system: the machine USES the original Germany rexroth pump and control valve. System adopts load sensor control technology, when the main valve core in the median, through the manoeuvring valve produce differential pressure signal back to the variable pump, so as to reduce the emissions of automatic pump, makes the flow rate is near to zero; At this time, the pump pressure to achieve the setting pressure in order to ensure that the lateral 22 MPa pressure cylinder pressure frame needed. When work, pump according to the valve core manoeuvring valve opening of the size of the need to provide flow, avoid the traditional hydraulic system by relief valve control overflow way, minimizes the hydraulic power empty flow loss and system fever. Work device: the shovel device with lateral frame structure, through the 4 pressure cylinder and only after fixed frame. The shovel devices can slide along the lateral, expand the scope of operation. The shovel arm of the device with big arm curving, swinging back to reduce when transverse shape dimension. When the walk, the shovel along the lateral slide device around to any end, dou stem and the bucket down, and then back after the frame to swing. This greatly reduces the travel and the transfer of the whole machine in the length size, improve the mobility, make the machine in a narrow place can transfer and homework; The distribution centre of gravity is more reasonable, be helpful for the stability of the machine. The shovel device control mechanisms for mechanical 2 stem manipulation, manipulation is flexible and convenient.
Loading device adopts Z form reverse the double rocker link mechanism, and has the uninstall the height of the great distance, unloading, digging up strength can automatically put, equal characteristics; The blunt gas box type lifting arm, weigh less, and to improve the stiffness and carrying capacity. Control mechanisms for mechanical single handles. Walk system: the driver to no front axle, turned to the cylinder piston rod for double double role cylinder; For the final drive axles, adopt two-stage slow transmission structure. Drive motor installed on its main reducer, the spiral bevel gear transmission, wheel edges for planetary gear reducer drive mechanism, and the overall good rigidity structure, the output speed smoothly. In the main reducer and wheel edges between reducer, adopts full serving the half shaft link transmission, overcoming the bridge in work in the process of shell deformation half shaft driving influence. Walk system USES a static hydraulic transmission. By the integral frame welding structure, has the good rigidity, high strength characteristic. A leg for H type straight leg, and frame is an organic whole repeatedly. The drive axle of the hydraulic caliper disc brake, hydraulic braking control has the advantages of fast and reliable. In car brake drum brake for central, mechanical manipulation. The cab the whole big window for shovel in turn type structure, be helpful for ventilation and widen the vision and convenient operation. After the low voltage driving wheel diameter tyres, walk in the process of vibration and reduce vehicle can cushion the turbulence, improve the driver's ride comfort. Because of our country's late start excavating loader, whether in the product variety, performance parameters and use reliability, after-sales service and so on, and abroad are compared there's a quite big difference.
2, the domestic enterprises and domestic competition excavating loader tendency of development
The present backactor loader competition enterprise is divided into:
(1) the export-oriented: such as sichuan road machinery factory production multifunctional engineering machinery over 80% export, and can always find a good sale, in addition, guilin forestry machinery factory specializing in the production of small caterpillar backactor loader, most of the export products.
(2) into a foreign and domestic assembly type: such as Shanghai CASE of 580/590 series products. Foreign imports, domestic agency type: if the 2 JCB CX / 3 CX / 4 CX; VOLVO's BL60 / BL71; 580/590 of the CASE, are all have agent.
(3) the domestic production enterprise: domestic production enterprise have more than 10, its product for cheap backactor loader. Prices for: within 380000 yuan. Therefore, excavating loader domestic is the development trend of the introduction of foreign advanced technology, the development of the high quality, multi-function, many varieties and specifications of excavating loader series products, strengthen the basic components and parts production, especially improve the quality of the hydraulic components excavating loader to. The product cost, and improving the mining loader the service level of the product.
(2) the yantai engineering machinery plant production WZ25-20 type: WZ25-20 type backactor loader is mainly the loader, front end modified multi-purpose after the bucket, the mining equipment and into. Yituo dongfanghong 904 WZ type of excavating loader in Italian fiat technology is introduced LF90 type tractor manufacturing basis. Supporting design is forward after loading, mining and other functions of agricultural engineering machinery.
(3) liuzhou backactor loader plant WZ30-25 type: liuzhou backactor loader factory WZ30-25 type backactor loader and liuzhou engineering machinery Co., LTD WZ30-developed 20 type backactor loader, all is in the digestion and absorption of CAT backactor loader based on technology, in combination with the process features of new products developed in the new models using special chassis, used the same load with CAT company sensing control technology. Because the two section type USES is variable system, therefore the purity of the system and components can be against sex requirement is higher.
(4) the liuzhou Macao liu machinery Co., LTD HACH995E series backactor loader: engine: equipped with advanced turbocharged diesel engine, the power rating reached 95 horse power, and in the 1500 RPM speed of 384 ft-lb) torque, core key components are imported the world famous brand product, has higher reliability. The appearance of the new modelling beautiful and easy, cabin space more; One of the standard configuration four bucket, to make the machine has more features and applications. A variety of work attachments can be selected, do more work; Using backactor loader special frame.
Cabin is independent replaceable, through the five shock absorber and frame connection. The hydraulic oil tank, fuel is also independent replaceable, and is low layout, to reduce machine focus, improve stability, and suitable for stand on the floor for oil filling and repair. They also become part of the boarding ladder, convenient in and out of the operator.
(5) TaiAnShi loader plant WZ30-25 type: the power system: this machine is used for cummins 4 BT3. 9-C74 type turbo engine, the structure is compact, large power and low fuel consumption, low noise, long life and reliable work, etc. Low-temperature start performance is good, especially suitable for the north. Hydraulic system: the machine USES the original Germany rexroth pump and control valve. System adopts load sensor control technology, when the main valve core in the median, through the manoeuvring valve produce differential pressure signal back to the variable pump, so as to reduce the emissions of automatic pump, makes the flow rate is near to zero; At this time, the pump pressure to achieve the setting pressure in order to ensure that the lateral 22 MPa pressure cylinder pressure frame needed. When work, pump according to the valve core manoeuvring valve opening of the size of the need to provide flow, avoid the traditional hydraulic system by relief valve control overflow way, minimizes the hydraulic power empty flow loss and system fever. Work device: the shovel device with lateral frame structure, through the 4 pressure cylinder and only after fixed frame. The shovel devices can slide along the lateral, expand the scope of operation. The shovel arm of the device with big arm curving, swinging back to reduce when transverse shape dimension. When the walk, the shovel along the lateral slide device around to any end, dou stem and the bucket down, and then back after the frame to swing. This greatly reduces the travel and the transfer of the whole machine in the length size, improve the mobility, make the machine in a narrow place can transfer and homework; The distribution centre of gravity is more reasonable, be helpful for the stability of the machine. The shovel device control mechanisms for mechanical 2 stem manipulation, manipulation is flexible and convenient. Loading device adopts Z form reverse the double rocker link mechanism, and has the uninstall the height of the great distance, unloading, digging up strength can automatically put, equal characteristics; The blunt gas box type lifting arm, weigh less, and to improve the stiffness and carrying capacity. Control mechanisms for mechanical single handles. Walk system: the driver to no front axle, turned to the cylinder piston rod for double double role cylinder; For the final drive axles, adopt two-stage slow transmission structure. Drive motor installed on its main reducer, the spiral bevel gear transmission, wheel edges for planetary gear reducer drive mechanism, and the overall good rigidity structure, the output speed smoothly. In the main reducer and wheel edges between reducer, adopts full serving the half shaft link transmission, overcoming the bridge in work in the process of shell deformation half shaft driving influence. Walk system USES a static hydraulic transmission. By the integral frame welding structure, has the good rigidity, high strength characteristic. A leg for H type straight leg, and frame is an organic whole repeatedly. The drive axle of the hydraulic caliper disc brake, hydraulic braking control has the advantages of fast and reliable. In car brake drum brake for central, mechanical manipulation. The cab the whole big window for shovel in turn type structure, be helpful for ventilation and widen the vision and convenient operation. After the low voltage driving wheel diameter tyres, walk in the process of vibration and reduce vehicle can cushion the turbulence, improve the driver's ride comfort. Because of our country's late start excavating loader, whether in the product variety, performance parameters and use reliability, after-sales service and so on, and abroad are compared there's a quite big difference.
3, domestic backactor loader competitive enterprise and the development trend of domestic
The present backactor loader competition enterprise is divided into:
(1) the export-oriented: such as sichuan road machinery factory production multifunctional engineering machinery over 80% export, and can always find a good sale, in addition, guilin forestry machinery factory specializing in the production of small caterpillar backactor loader, most of the export products.
(2) into a foreign and domestic assembly type: such as Shanghai CASE of 580/590 series products. Foreign imports, domestic agency type: if the 2 JCB CX / 3 CX / 4 CX; VOLVO's BL60 / BL71; 580/590 of the CASE, are all have agent.
(3) the domestic production enterprise: domestic production enterprise have 1 more than O, its products are cheap backactor loader. Prices for: within 380000 yuan. Therefore, excavating loader domestic is the development trend of the introduction of foreign advanced technology, the development of the high quality, multi-function, many varieties and specifications of excavating loader series products, strengthen the basic components and parts production, especially improve the quality of the excavating loader hydraulic components, in order to reach to meet product reliability, under the premise