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12屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
弧板-滾筒式核桃破殼機(jī)
設(shè)計(jì)說明書
學(xué)生姓名
學(xué) 號
所屬學(xué)院 機(jī)械電氣化工程學(xué)院
專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化
班 級
指導(dǎo)教師
日 期
塔里木大學(xué)教務(wù)處制
前 言
核桃，是人們常見的食物。它營養(yǎng)豐富，具有健腦、補(bǔ)腎、美容、降血脂四大功效。核桃和核桃仁還是我國傳統(tǒng)的出口商品。但是，由于核桃殼堅(jiān)硬，手工剝核極其不便而且費(fèi)時費(fèi)力。因此，提高核桃取仁的機(jī)械化程度，是生產(chǎn)過程中急需解決的問題。鑒于此，本設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)以往的研究與資料，提出了弧板—滾筒式核桃破殼原理，研制了核桃破殼機(jī)。本機(jī)能完美的解決核桃難剝核和人工剝核不能保證仁的完全性難題，且又有較高的生產(chǎn)率和較高的高路仁率。
本次設(shè)計(jì)采用常見的電機(jī)作動力源，利用V帶傳遞功率。利用軸旋轉(zhuǎn)帶動滾筒的轉(zhuǎn)動，利用氣缸實(shí)現(xiàn)破殼，從而使機(jī)器能夠連續(xù)的工作，大大提高了生產(chǎn)率。
目錄
1在國內(nèi)（外）研究現(xiàn)狀及分析·······································1
1.1堅(jiān)果類破殼機(jī)現(xiàn)狀··············································1
1.1.1堅(jiān)果類破殼機(jī)常見的機(jī)械脫殼方法 ································1
1.1.2新型核桃脫殼方法·············································1
1.1.3幾種典型的堅(jiān)果類破殼機(jī)·······································2
1.2對堅(jiān)果類破殼機(jī)械未來展望分析···································2
2破殼機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的目的、意義···········································3
3弧板-滾筒式破殼機(jī)工作原理········································3
3.1破殼機(jī)的總體裝配思路··········································4
4氣動裝置的選取···················································4
5弧板-滾筒式核桃破殼機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)·····································5
5.1電動機(jī)的選擇·················································5
6帶及設(shè)計(jì)··················································5
6.1傳動帶的設(shè)計(jì)·············································6
6.1.1確定計(jì)算功率················································6
6.1.2選擇V帶的型號·············································6
6.1.3確定帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑···········································6
6.1.4確定傳動中心距和帶長·········································6
6.1.5驗(yàn)算主動輪上的包角···········································7
6.1.6確定V帶的根數(shù)·············································7
6.1.7確定帶的初拉力···············································7
6.1.8求V帶傳動作用在軸上的壓力····································8
7V帶帶輪的設(shè)計(jì)····················································8
7.1帶輪的材料選擇···············································8
7.2結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)·····················································8
7.3 從動帶輪的設(shè)計(jì)················································9
8傳動軸的設(shè)計(jì)·····················································9
8.1根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長度·························10
8.2初步選擇輸出軸系··············································10
8.3確定輸出軸上的圓角半徑······································10
8.4 按彎扭合成條件校核軸的強(qiáng)度·····································11
8.4.1求輸出軸上的所受作用力的大小··································11
8.4.2求滾筒上所受的的合力·········································11
8.4.3軸上水平面內(nèi)所受支反力如圖···································11
8.4.4軸在垂直面內(nèi)所受的支反力·····································11
8.4.5作彎矩圖···················································12
8.4.6軸的載荷分析················································12
8.4.7當(dāng)量彎矩計(jì)算················································12
8.5 校核軸的強(qiáng)度·················································13
9入料斗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)···············································13
10滾筒的設(shè)計(jì)····················································13
11軸承端蓋······················································14
12氣缸撞擊裝置················································14
13影響核桃破殼的因素··········································14
13.1核桃的性質(zhì)···············································14
13.1.2核桃飽滿程度和均勻度····································14
13.1.3核桃的濕度要適中········································15
13.1.4破殼板的硬度···········································15
13.2 喂料速度對破殼效果的影響··································15
14結(jié)論························································16
14.1本課題所完成的工作········································16
14.2需要重點(diǎn)研究的、關(guān)鍵的問題及解決的思路·······················16
14.2.1目前核桃破殼取仁機(jī)械存在的主要問題························16
15致謝························································17
16參考文獻(xiàn)····················································18