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附錄：
河南理工大學萬方科技學院
本科畢業(yè)設計
外文資料與中文翻譯
院（系部） 機械與動力工程系
專業(yè)名稱 機械設計制造及其自動化
年級班級 0 8級機設5班
學生姓名 周楊
指導教師 李延鋒
2012年 5月 15日
外文資料與中文翻譯
外文資料:
China is a mining power and mining equipment manufacture and use of mechanical and electrical power.From the 20th century,modeled after the 50's the first since the mine hoist has been designed and manufactured,used more than 6,000. With the needs of the community and the rapid development of technology,mining industry production equipment and facilities need to mechanization,electrification,The mining industry is the throat of the elevator equipment,replacement products,old products long time run,the structural problems behind the original exposed prominent fault more serious impact on the safety of mining operations,curb the rapid development of mining industries to the national economy with to the adverse effects.With the ever-changing mine to increase production ,upgrade the machine to improve safety,of machine to run automated,reducing operation and maintenance of the labor intensity,the speed of of the accident and so on,into the urgent requirement.Mine hoist for renovation,is extremely important. For example,wood lining hoist drum serious wear and tear,when the trees lining up to a certain degree of wear and tear on the lining must be replaced wooden reel,or a security incident is likely to affect the safety in production.And replacement of wooden drum liner is a very cumbersome process,while the high cost of wood lining reel,high maintenance costs, maintenance time.Consume a large amount of manpower,material and time at the same time,and affects the security of the entire mine production and demand for production,to that end, the design of a reel turning wood lining device is a very necessary technology.As a result of taking into account the existing trees lining reel slot car there are many devices deficiencies,the paper lining from the existing wooden reel slot cars of the principle of analyzing devices,wear and tear on wire rope of research,the role of drum parts and the forces analysis of the existing car tank equipment to improve processing methods and applications,based on the user-friendly, effective and practical under the premise of turning wood on the drum liner device was designed to maximize the improvement of steel wire rope and reel service life of wood lining and reduce production costs and shorten the processing and maintenance cycle,reducing the labor intensity.Through constantly improving and perfecting the design of the drum lining wood turning can be a convenient device for turning wood drum liner,the installation of wire rope to reduce wear and tear,but also extended the service life of wooden drum and the lining can produce a substantial savings cost.
HKM2×4×1.8-based transformation of hoist
Jiaomei jiulishan mine hoist HKM2×4 ×1.8 Department of the former Soviet Union and type of products manufactured in the 50's,the reel structure of a typical shell thick branch. Put into use since 1963 until now,has been running for 47 years,for a total of about 64 million out of coal t.With the increasing production to meet the needs of the mine production in 1982 had a greater technological innovation,the annual output from 1,200,000 t to 1,800,000 t. Enhance the increase in weight as a result of running some time after percutaneous invagination and open reel welding,crack phenomenon. Also in 1985 inside the drum in two directions along the circumference,respectively,an increase of the I-11 # 2,to increase the support drum,to try to resolve open reel reel welding and the phenomenon of skin retraction.However, after running for some time, the support drum parts and drum skin open welding,the cracks gradually serious phenomenon,there are four supported I-beam 3 has a horizontal fracture,open reel welding vice 21,all four I-beam horizontal fracture.In order to ensure safety in production,we have adopted a variety of methods,such as an increase to strengthen the board,direct welding, hit 45 ° groove welding, welding,after annealing,and so will not solve the problem of DC welding,but welding arising as a result of repeated stress concentration,so that Open welding phenomenon more serious run-time hoister abnormal dislocation metal sound, has seriously affected the security of the entire mine production.In order to ensure safety in production, production management group and the jiulishan mining joint research,the status quo through the survey and found that the existence of the following issues:
1.Invagination serious skin drum,about 10~12mm,resulting in severe deformation of wood lining,the sound of running.
2.Lord, Vice-reel wood lining wear inconsistent,resulting in the main,the Deputy reel run that is inconsistent paragraph rope wrapped around the lame often said,resulting in loading,unloading difficulties.
3.Reel support I-beam and drum parts are cracking skin serious run soon after welding cracks,and cracks have been increased and extended. Is the main,the Deputy reel 8 to support the horizontal I-beam are broken,cracks in skin reel has been extended to drum brake wheel, hoist the wrong run-time anomalies metal sound.
4.The high maintenance costs.Reel hoist wood lining must be replaced once a year,each to be 24h,the material consumption for 35,000 yuan.
5.Repair time.Reel monthly reinforcement welding carried out in more than 16h,consume a large amount of manpower,material and time.
Due to these aspects of the fault,resulting in the normal operation of hoist can not be seriously affected the security of the entire mine production and demand for production,for which a technological transformation of the reel.
Rehabilitation programs
As the replacement cost of the elevator and the time too long,not in conformity with the actual scene,after full investigation, research and feasibility analysis,we have decided to upgrade the existing machines on the basis of the transformation, that is,to keep the original motor, speed machine,the braking system,the spindle and spindle support device round, the replacement of the main,the Deputy reel and reel spokes.The use of the new reel CITIC Heavy Machinery Company with a fixed rope groove, the structure of the reel one,two and a half of each reel by the reel of the drum skin is 40mm thick rolled steel plate 16Mn,tungsten above have fixed rope groove,which is a weak branch structure Cryptocarya high-strength roll.
Drum replacement program and a key link:
(1)The new reel will be processed to the scene,
(2)Installed in the garage outside the drilling of two in order to field drilling,
(3)Crane transform garages, walk in part by the manually read electric,
(4)The laying of railway, from the bus garages Shop Housing, in order to save time for the delivery drum,
(5)Preparation of a cable car, the garage is responsible for the lifting of work outside the drum,
(6)Principal, vice skip on the wellhead,
(7)Hoist to remove the gate and gate post,
(8)Spoke to the old Office disconnected from the reel, cut in half, were transported onto the Housing
(9)New drum hanging in place, the scene is looking for its eyes. And then transported onto the room, eyes drilling with drilling,
(10)through eyes will be hanging a new reel in place, Reaming and bolts,
(11)Field testing of the hoist at all stages of technical parameters and characteristics,
(12)Pile gate and gate installation and test on the ropes。
Program to determine how to ensure that the installation of the new reel spindle centerline and the centerline of coincidence is the key to this project. After studying the use of the original decision to hoist the main branch of the only round I,as a benchmark to look for now. When the old reel suspended from the Spindle, the technical staff from the new reel to detect only the spindle diameter and round the mouth of the branch diameter, and calculated only the mouth space, the new reel position determined by the gap is quite good, and then use Support round the old hole in the new roll number of the spokes on the eyes, drilling, Reaming, the last link to the original reel wheel support.
Works in several technical issues
（1）CITIC Heavy Machinery Company to use the vernier caliper to provide a new reel on the mouth and the only round of the spindle support Uehara I only measured the diameter of 1.5mm drum replacement.
（2）Diameter of the brake drum wheel drum brake wheel than the original diameter increased by 40mm the original wooden gates to re-processing.
（3）To increase the connection of the fastening screws, we adopted the first measurement of hole diameter, screw-processing method is to ensure co-ordination of the screw size, and the use of anaerobic technology to enhance the connection of the fastening.
Through the joint efforts of all the construction workers, which lasted 60h, the successful completion of the task. After field testing, the new reel to run a smooth, radial drum beat, the oval-round gate, the two-drum winding rope to meet the requirements of the accumulated error.
Effective
The total cost of million renovation project to completely upgrade the operation to solve the problems of insecurity, and ensure the safety of all mine production. Considerable economic benefits, compared with the transformation of the former:
(1)Savings once a year to replace wood lining reel maintenance time, saving each time 24h,
(2)Once a year to replace wooden drum lining material consumption, a total of 35,000 yuan.
(3)Twice a month savings Consolidation reel maintenance time per month of 16h,a year can save maintenance time 192h, can record 1.642 million yuan in profits.
Transformed in less than a year to recover the full investment. At the same time enhance our province to fill a gap machine.
Modified operation
After the transformation,from January 1995 until now,has been running for more than 15 years,4.2 million to upgrade coalt, running in good condition,compared with the transformation of the former has the following advantages:
(1) Completely eliminate the original invagination drum skin, cracks,the phenomenon of lift to run a smooth, no noise, and ensure the safety in production.
(2) As a result of the strong integration of thick shell support structure,the total elimination of the support of the original drum parts (I-) fracture phenomenon and improve the overall strength.
(3) Trough as a result of the use of fixed ropes,there is no inconsistency rope groove wear, thereby overcoming the countries of origin,the Deputy reel winding rope running above inconsistencies and enhance the work efficiency,
(4）Greatly reduce the workload of maintenance and repair saves time,saves maintenance costs
（5） Extended the life of wire rope.Trough as a result of the use of fixed rope to remove the original wire rope hoist run-time switch to the phenomenon of bite rope to rope to run a smooth,extended its service life and improve the whole system to enhance security.
Some Experience
Old-fashioned elevator renovation,is now facing the problem of the old mines in general,as the long run and changed mine,the expansion of most of the original hoist production can no longer meet the security needs of the operation，There are hidden dangers of insecurity,the need for reform.But how the transformation is a widespread problem.Although the replacement of hoist solve the problem,but the high cost of long hours do not meet the needs of actual production of coal,and the transformation of the mine,I opened up a shortcut to solve the problems not only save a lot of cost and time, with a certain degree of practicality and the value of a wide range of promotion.
中文翻譯：
我國是一個采礦大國,也是礦山機電設備制造和使用大國。從20世紀50年代仿造第一臺礦山提升機以來,至今已設計制造,使用了近6000多臺。隨著社會需求和現(xiàn)代技術的高速發(fā)展,礦山工業(yè)企業(yè)亟待生產設備及設施的機械化,電氣化,現(xiàn)代化。而礦山工業(yè)的提升機是咽喉設備,產品不斷更新?lián)Q代,老產品運行年深日久,原本落后的結構問題暴露突出,故障增多,嚴重影響礦山的安全運轉,抑制了礦山工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,給國民經濟帶來了不良的影響。隨著國內礦井產量的日新月異的提高,對提高提升機的安全性,可靠性,生產效率以及整機自動化運行水平,降低操作者及維護人員的勞動強度,處理設備事故的速度與對策等,成了迫切要求。對于礦井提升機的更新改造,具有極其重要的意義。例如提升機卷筒襯木的磨損嚴重，當襯木磨損達到一定程度時就必須更換卷筒襯木，否則就很有可能出現(xiàn)安全事故，影響安全生產。而更換卷筒襯木又是一個十分繁瑣的過程，同時卷筒襯木價格昂貴，維修費用高，維修時間長。消耗大量人力、物力和時間的同時，又影響了全礦的安全生產和產量的需求，為此，設計一個卷筒襯木車削裝置是一項十分必要的技術改造。由于考慮到現(xiàn)有卷筒襯木車槽裝置存在許多不足之處，本文從現(xiàn)有卷筒襯木車槽裝置的原理分析入手，通過對鋼絲繩磨損的調研，卷筒部件的作用和受力情況的分析，現(xiàn)有車槽設備加工方法的改進和應用，立足于方便，高效、實用的前提下對卷筒襯木車削裝置進行設計，目的在于最大程度的提高鋼絲繩和卷筒襯木的使用壽命，降低生產成本，縮短加工和檢修周期，減緩了勞動強度。通過不斷地改進和完善，設計的卷筒襯木車削裝置可以很方便的進行卷筒襯木車削，該裝置減少了鋼絲繩的磨損，又延長了卷筒襯木的使用壽命且可大幅度節(jié)約生產成本。
HKM2×4×1.8型提升機的改造
焦煤九里山礦主井提升機HKM2×4×1.8系原蘇聯(lián)又型50年代制造的產品,其卷筒結構為典型的厚支薄殼。自1963年投入使用至今,已經運行了47年,共計出煤約6400萬t。隨著產量的逐年增加,為滿足該礦生產的需要,1982年進行了一次較大的技術改造,年產量由120萬t增加到180萬t。由于提升重量的增加,運行一段時間后,出現(xiàn)卷筒皮內陷及開焊、裂縫現(xiàn)象。1985年又在兩卷筒里面沿著周長方向分別增加了兩根11# 的工字鋼,來增加卷筒的支撐,試圖解決卷筒開焊及卷筒皮內陷現(xiàn)象。但運行一段時間后,卷筒的支撐件和卷筒皮開焊、裂縫現(xiàn)象逐漸嚴重,4根支撐工字鋼有三根已經橫向斷裂,副卷筒開焊21處,4根工字鋼全部橫向斷裂。為保證安全生產,我們采取了各種方法,如增加加強板,直接焊接,打45°坡口焊接,焊接后退火,直流焊接等都不能解決問題,反而由于多次焊接而產生應力集中,使開焊現(xiàn)象更加嚴重,提升機運行時有金屬錯位的異常響聲,已經嚴重影響到全礦的安全生產。為保證安全生產,集團公司生產管理處和九里山礦聯(lián)合進行調研, 通過對現(xiàn)狀的調查,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在有以下幾方面的問題:
1.卷筒皮內陷嚴重, 約為10~12mm，致使襯木變形嚴重,運行有響聲。
2.主、副卷筒襯木磨損不一致,致使主、副卷筒運行段纏繩不一致即常說的瘸腿,造成裝、卸煤困難。
3.卷筒的支撐件工字鋼和卷筒皮均開裂嚴重,焊接后運行不久又開裂,且裂縫一直在增加和延伸?，F(xiàn)主、副卷筒的8根支撐工字鋼均橫向斷裂,卷筒皮的裂縫已經延伸到卷筒閘輪上,提升機運行時有金屬錯位的異常響聲。
4.維修費用高。提升機的卷筒襯木每年必須更換一次,每次需24h,材料消耗為3.5萬元。
5.維修時間長。每月對卷筒進行的燒焊加固均在16h以上,消耗大量的人力、物力和時間。
由于以上幾方面的故障,造成提升機不能正常運行,嚴重影響了全礦的安全生產和產量的需求,為此對該卷筒進行了技術改造。
改造方案
由于更換整個提升機費用太高且時間又長,不符合現(xiàn)場的實際，經過充分的調查、研究和可行性分析,我們決定在現(xiàn)有的提升機基礎上進行改造,即保留原有電機、減速機、制動系統(tǒng)、主軸裝置和主軸支輪,更換主、副卷筒及卷筒輪輻。新卷筒采用中信重型機械公司制造的帶有固定繩槽、一體結構的卷筒,每個卷筒由兩個半卷筒組成,卷筒皮為40mm厚的16Mn鋼板卷成,上面鎢有固定的繩槽,屬厚殼弱支結構的高強度卷筒。
卷筒更換的方案及關鍵環(huán)節(jié):
(1) 將加工好的新卷筒運到現(xiàn)場,
(2) 在車房外安裝兩臺鉆床,以便現(xiàn)場鉆孔,
(3) 改造車房的天車,行走部分由手動改為電動,
(4) 鋪設鐵道,從車房內鋪出車房,以節(jié)省運送卷筒的時間,
(5) 準備一臺的吊車,負責車房外卷筒的起吊工作,
(6) 將主、副箕斗放在井口,
(7) 拆除提升機的閘及閘樁,
(8) 將老卷筒從輪輻處斷開,切割成兩半,分別運出車房
(9) 將新卷筒吊到位,現(xiàn)場找正號眼。然后運出車房,用鉆床鉆眼,
(10) 將鉆過眼的新卷筒吊到位,鉸孔并聯(lián)接螺栓,
(11) 現(xiàn)場測試提升機各技術參數(shù)和各個階段的特征,
(12) 安裝閘樁和閘,并上繩試車。
方案確定后,如何保證新卷筒的安裝中心線與主軸中心線重合是此項工程的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)。經研究決定利用原提升機主軸支輪上的止口,做為基準來進行找正。當老卷筒吊離主軸后,由技術人員測出新卷筒的止口直徑和主軸上支輪口的直徑, 并算出止口間隙,新卷筒的位置按算好的間隙確定,然后利用支輪上的老孔在新卷筒的輪輻上進行號眼、鉆孔、鉸孔,最后將卷筒聯(lián)接在原支輪上。
工程中的幾個技術問題
(1) 利用中信重型機械公司提供的游標卡尺對新卷筒的止口和主軸上原支輪止口的直徑1.5mm進行測量卷筒更換。
(2) 卷筒的閘輪直徑比原卷筒閘輪直徑增加了40mm,原有閘木進行重新加工。
(3) 為增加聯(lián)接螺絲的緊固性,我們采用了先測量孔直徑,現(xiàn)加工螺絲的方法,保證了螺絲的配合尺寸,并采用厭氧膠技術提高了聯(lián)接的緊固性。
經過全體施工人員的共同努力,歷時60h,圓滿完成了任務。經現(xiàn)場測試,新卷筒運行平穩(wěn),卷筒的徑向跳動、閘輪的橢圓度、兩卷筒的纏繩累計誤差均滿足要求。
效益
此項改造工程共耗資萬元,徹底解決了提升運行中的不安全隱患,保證了全礦的安全生產。其經濟效益相當可觀,與改造前相比較：
（1） 節(jié)約了每年一次更換卷筒襯木的檢修時間,每次節(jié)約24h,
（2） 每年一次更換卷筒襯木的材料消耗,共3.5萬元
（3） 節(jié)約了每月兩次加固卷筒的檢修時間,每月計16h,一年可節(jié)約檢修時間 192h,可創(chuàng)年利潤164.2萬元。
改造后,不到一年即可收回全部投資。同時還填補了我省提升機改造的一項空白。
改造后運行狀況
改造后,從1995年1月至今,已經運行15年多,提升原煤420萬t,運行情況良好, 與改造前相比有以下優(yōu)點:
(1) 完全消除了原來卷筒皮內陷、裂縫現(xiàn)象,提升機運行平穩(wěn),無雜音,保證了安全生產。
(2) 由于采用了一體的厚殼強支結構,完全消除了原卷筒的支撐件（工字鋼）斷裂現(xiàn)象,提高了整體強度。
(3) 由于采用固定繩槽,不存在繩槽磨損不一致現(xiàn)象,從而克服了原主、副卷筒運行段纏繩不一致現(xiàn)象,提高了工作效率，
(4) 維修工作量大大降低,并節(jié)約了檢修時間,節(jié)省了維修費用，
(5) 鋼絲繩的使用壽命有所延長。由于采用固定繩槽,消除了原提升機運行時鋼絲繩跳槽、咬繩的現(xiàn)象,使鋼絲繩運行平穩(wěn),延長了其使用壽命,并提高了整個提升系統(tǒng)的安全。
幾點體會
老式提升機的更新改造,是目前老礦井普遍面臨問題,由于長時間的運行及礦井改、擴建,原有的提升機大多已經不能滿足安全生產的需要,運行中都存在有不安全的隱患,必須進行改造。但如何改造又是普遍存在的一個難題。更換提升機雖可解決問題,但其費用高、時間長不符合煤礦實際生產的需要，而此次我礦的改造開辟了一條捷徑,既解決了問題又節(jié)省了大量的費用和時間,具有一定的實用性和廣泛的推廣價值。
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