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mechanical hand, is also called from begins, auto hand can imitate the manpower and arm's certain holding function, with by presses the fixed routine to capture, the transporting thing 'OR' operation tool's automatic operation installment. It may replace person's strenuous labor to realize the production mechanization and the automation, can operate under the hostile environment protects the personal safety, thus widely applies in departments and so on machine manufacture, metallurgy, electron, light industry and atomic energy. the manipulator is mainly composed of the hand and the motion. The hand is uses for to grasp holds the work piece (or tool) the part, according to is grasped holds the thing shape, the size, the weight, the material and the work request has many kinds of structural styles, like the clamp, the request hold and the adsorption and so on. The motion, causes the hand to complete each kind of rotation (swinging), the migration or the compound motion realizes the stipulation movement, changes is grasped holds the thing position and the posture. Motion's fluctuation, the expansion, revolving and so on independence movement way, is called manipulator's degree-of-freedom. In order to capture in the space the optional position and the position object, must have 6 degrees-of-freedom. The degree-of-freedom is the key parameter which the manipulator designs. The degree-of-freedom are more, manipulator's flexibility is bigger, the versatility is broader, its structure is also more complex. Generally the special-purpose manipulator has 2~3 degrees-of-freedom. the manipulator's type, may divide into the hydraulic pressure type, the air operated according to the drive type, electromotive type, the mechanical manipulator; May divide into the special-purpose manipulator and the general-purpose manipulator two kinds according to the applicable scope; May divide into the position control and the continuous path according to the path control mode controls the manipulator and so on. the manipulator usually serves as the engine bed or other machine's add-on component, like on the automatic machine or the automatic production line loading and unloading and the transmission work piece, replaces the cutting tool in the machining center and so on, generally does not have the independent control device. Some operating equipment needs by the person direct control, if uses in the host who the atomic energy department manages the dangerous goods from the type operator also often being called the manipulator. 能模仿人手和臂的某些動作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬運物件或操作工具的自動操作裝置。它可代替人的繁重勞動以實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機械化和自動化，能在有害環(huán)境下操作以保護(hù)人身安全，因而廣泛應(yīng)用于機械制造、冶金、電子、輕工和原子能等部門。 機械手主要由手部和運動機構(gòu)組成。手部是用來抓持工件（或工具）的部件，根據(jù)被抓持物件的形狀、尺寸、重量、材料和作業(yè)要求而有多種結(jié)構(gòu)形式，如夾持型、托持型和吸附型等。運動機構(gòu)，使手部完成各種轉(zhuǎn)動（擺動）、移動或復(fù)合運動來實現(xiàn)規(guī)定的動作，改變被抓持物件的位置和姿勢。運動機構(gòu)的升降、伸縮、旋轉(zhuǎn)等獨立運動方式，稱為機械手的自由度 。為了抓取空間中任意位置和方位的物體，需有6個自由度。自由度是機 械手設(shè)計的關(guān) 鍵參數(shù)。自由 度越多，機械手的靈活性越大，通用性越廣，其結(jié)構(gòu)也越復(fù)雜。一般專用機械手有2～3個自由度。 機械手的種類，按驅(qū)動方式可分為液壓式、氣動式、電動式、機械式機械手；按適用范圍可分為專用機械手和通用機械手兩種；按運動軌跡控制方式可分為點位控制和連續(xù)軌跡控制機械手等。 機械手通常用作機床或其他機器的附加裝置，如在自動機床或自動生產(chǎn)線上裝卸和傳遞工件，在加工中心中更換刀具等，一般沒有獨立的控制裝置。有些操作裝置需要由人直接操縱，如用于原子能部門操持危險物品的主從式操作手也常稱為機械手。