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1.Suspension
2.The automatic gearbox
Suspension
The modern of in the car has two kinds of suspension, a kind of suspension is from move , another a kind of suspension is active of .
From move an a function for, is from spring coil, reducing flapping machine( reduce to the flap ), leading to organization etc. constituting, it is vibration that impact to dies down roadecause this kind of can produce the function dint by oneself, therefore call active of .
The active of is more than ten years to develop of, from a kind of new of that computer control, have three terms:
(1) have to can produce the motive source of the function dint;
(2) carry out a piece can deliver this kind of function dint combines it can continue the work;
(3) have the variety spreads to feel the machine combines to concentrates the relevant data to micro-computer to proceed to carry to calculate to combine the decision controls the way.Therefore, active a technique for gathering together mechanics with electronics knowledge, is a kind of high technique that compare t pass the carriage dint, the reduces from the impact dint but causable loading system.Among them the spring coil rises primarily the function that deceleration pound at dint, reduce the main function that flap the machine is a to reduce the vibration.Because this kind of be driven by outside dint but rise function of, so call from move .
But active a device for of in the control link installing can producing take out moving, adopt a kind of repress in suppressing the dint by dint the road face the impact dint of the carriage and the inclination dint of the carriage.B o sophisticate to equip.
For example equip active an axis for of France snow iron dragon mulberry , the car's a system is speed, carriage that a micro-computer, have on the of the 5 kinds of spreading feels machine, distinguish to deliver to micro-computer the car soon, the ex- round system moves the pressure and step to move the accelerator pedal perpendicular flap and frequencies, change direction the dish angle and change direction flat-out etc. data directionally.The computer receives these datases continuously and with in advance the critical value that set up proceeds the comparison, choosing the homologous an appearance.At the same time, on micro-computer independence control each a car wheel of carry out a dollar a for, passing the control reduce to flap the machine inside hydraulic-pneumatic variety creation take out moving, from but can on any time, any car wheel creation meeting request a sport.Therefore, the mulberry bridge car has various driver's modes chooses, driving as long as pull to move to locate the vice- the " normal" on the instrument panel or" sport" button, car will establishes automatically in the best an appearance, in order to best and comfortable function.
Moreover, active a function for having carriage sport of control.When the car system moves or turns a corner of inertial cause When the spring coil transform, active a dint for would producing first and opposite anti- in the dint of , reduce the variety of the carriage position.For example Germany speeds 2000 CLs type sport car, be, the vehicle turns a corner an inclination for spreading feeling machine would immediately examining carriage with horizontal acceleration, computer according to information that spreading and feeling machine, with in advance the critical value that set up proceeds the comparison computes, immediately certain at where full general how big of loading and adding to .
The active in car a — liquid presses with the air type:
From the angle demarcation of the control dint, the of can is divided into passive of , active of in half with active of .
Current, the automotive a system has the spring coil with reduce to flap the machine mostly, the incapable source inside a system insupplies the device, its flexibility can't change with the exterior work with the , therefore calling that this kind of is passive of .
Active an action for thering is direct dint in conduct and actions taking place machine, can according to input and output the superior feedback of proceeding control, making a the of has to reduce to shake the characteristic bestly, toing increase the automotive and going smoothly with manipulate the stability.It constitutes with a dint occurrence machine Fe from the flexibility a C.
Half active a spring coil for can seeing making from variable characteristic with machine that reducing and flapping the a system constitutes, although it can't proceed the superior control with regulate with the outsider importation, it can press saving under every kind of term of the calculator superior spring coil with reduce to flap the machine excellent to turn the parameter instruction to regulate the spring coil just a the appearance of for with reducing flapping machine.It from flexibility a C with a per coefficient can the machine of regulated within the scope of big constitute.
The electronics technique control car a system is main from( the car is high and change direction the Cape, acceleration, road the estimate) spread to feel the machine, electronics control ECU, of control of carry out machine etc. constitute.The control function of the system usually has below three:
1 the car is high to adjust to be the car at rise and fall When the uneven road drive, can make carriage jacked up, in order to in pass;When the good road mades good time, can lower the carriage, to reduce the air help, increase to manipulate the stability.
2 dint controls is used to increase to manipulate the stability automotively, in the flashback curved, nasty accelerates to move with the urgent system circumstance next, can rr is to the side , horizontal put the flutter with the control of the carriage can more quick, precision, the car mades good time with the stability exaltation of the turn, carriage side reduce.The ex- in carriage is small when system move, starting with nasty accelerate can after reducing 仰 .Even in the bad road, the flutter of the carriage too less, the tire increases to the adhesive strength of the ground.
One.The active type liquid presses of
The active type liquid that electronics control presses a quantity for can according to of with acceleration etc., making use of the liquid press the parts actively automotive vibration in control.The active type liquid presses a the of arrange to is sepress the variety of the carriage.
3 spring coil just a control changes spring coil just degree, make a contented sport or comfortable request.
Adopt an empress, cahown as diagram on the car, having in the nearby gearing in center of gravity in car lengthways, horizontal acceleration with horizontal put the top preads to feel machine, use to collect the carriage the vibration, the car wheel jumps about, carriage high degree with tilt to one side appearance etc. signal, these signalses is inputed control unit ECU, ECU according to input signal with in advance the procedure that set up issues to control the instruction, controling the servo electrical engineering combines to manipulate in front and back four carry out a work.
Two.Active type air
In electronics control of active type air a system, tiny machine according to spread to feel the machine changeses to an instruction for issuing the instruction, the of can give according to the tiny machine after delivering of the signal with the control mode that pilot give has been carries to calculate the analysis of just degree with the coefficient of , is a carriage within the scope of drives to keeps in the process good and stable function, and respond to the vibration of the carriage to control at allow of.Say generally, the control contents of the active type air includes the carriage high degree and reduce to flap the machine reduces the dint, spring coil flexibility coefficient waits three item;
1、high control in car;Cent standard, go up with only after going up a three kinds of works appearance;
2、reduce the that shake the machine reduce the dint control the cent low, inside, high three file;
3、the cent of flexibility coefficient of air spring coilses are soft and hard two file.
The air an electronics controls the work principle of the system;Use the air compressor formation compressed air, combine to give the compressed air to spring coil with the air room that reducing and shaking the machine inside, changes with this the high degree of the vehicle.Fore a neighborhood for with empress round establishes the car the high spreading feels machine, press car the high spreading the exportation signal that feels the machine, the tiny machine judges the vehicle the high degree, then control compressor with line up the spirit valve, make spring coil compression or elongation, from but control vehicle high degree.
Establish the electric motor in reduce shook machine, the electric motor suffers the signal control of the tiny machine.Making use of the electric motor can change the size of the air hole .
Say in a specific way, switch in last free spirit in instrument panel in car a system, make use of the switch can become 6 kinds of different works method.
The automatic gearbox
The automatic gearbox chooses to block the pole the equal to moving the stick shift of the gearbox, having generally below several blocks:P( parking), R( pour to block), N( get empty to block), D( go forward), S( or2, namely for 2 block soon), L.( or1, namely for 1 block soon)This several an usage for blocking a right usages coming driver the automatic gearbox is automotive of person to say particularly important, underneath let us very much familiar with once automatic gearbox eachly blockings main theme.
●The usage of the P ( the parking blocks)
The launches the luck turns as long as choose to block the pole in driving the position, automatic gearbox car run about very easily.But park, choose to block the pole must pull into of P, from but pass the internal parking system in gearbox moves the device will output the stalk lock lives, combining to tense the hand system move, preventing the car ambulation.
The usage of the
●The usage of the R( pour to block)
R a control for is pouring blocking, using inside wanting slicing recording, automatic gearbox car unlike moving gearbox car so can using half moving, so while reversing the car wanting special attention accelerating pedal.
The usage of the
●The usage of the N( get empty to block)
The N is equal to get empty to block, can while starting or hour of trailer usage.At wait for the signal or block up the car will often often choose to block the pole keeps in the of D, trampling at the same time the next system move.If time is very short, do like this is an admission of, but if stop the time long time had better change into of N, combine to tense the hand system moves.Because choose to block the pole in driving the position, the automatic gearbox car has generally and all to drive the trend faintly, long hours trample the system move same as a deterrent this kind of trend, make gearbox oil gone up, the oil liquid changes in character easily.Particularly in the air condition machine work, launch the soon higher circumstance in machine bottom more disadvantageous.Some pilots for the sake of stanza oil, at made good time or go down slope will choose to block the pole pull the of N skids, this burn the bad gearbox very easily, launching the machine to revolves soon in the however because the gearbox outputs at this time the stalk turns soon very high,, the oil pump provides the oil shortage, lubricating the condition worsen, burn the bad gearbox easily.
The usage of the
●The usage of the D( go forward to block)
Will choose to block when is normal to drive the pole put in the of D, car can at 1 ～ 4 block( or 3 block) its change to block automatically.The of D drives the position most in common usely.What demand control is:Because the automatic gearbox is soon high and low with car to come to make sure to block according to the accelerator size a, so accelerate the pedal operation method is different, changing to block the hour of the car is soon too not same alike.If start hour quick accelerate the pedal tramples the bottom, rising to block the night, accelerating the ability is strong, arriving certain car soon behind, then will accelerate the pedal loosen to open very quickly, car can rise to block immediately, launch like this the machine voice is small, comfortable good.
The another characteristics of the D is a compulsory low blocking, easy to high speed the hour overtakes a car, will accelerate quickly in of D drove the pedal trample after all, connect the compulsory low fend off the pass and then can reduce to block automatically, the car accelerates very quickly, after overtaking a car loosen to open the pedal of acceleration to can rise to block automatically again.
●The usage of the S, of L low the usage that block
The automatic gearbox in in is placed in the low blocking the scope on of S or of Ls, can usage under an etc. circumstance.It change to can make use of to launch well into of S or of Ls the mechanism move, avoiding the car wheel system move the machine over hot, cause the system move the effect descent while going down slope.But change into from the of D of S or of L, car soon can't higher than rise to block the car homologously soon, otherwise strong vibration in opportunity to launch, make gearbox oil hoicked, even will damage the gearbox.
The is another at rain fog weather hour, if the road adheres to the term bad, can change into a position for or of L, fixing at somely first lowly blocking driving, doing not use can automatically changing blocking, in order to prevent the car beats slippery.Must keep firmly in mind at the same time, beat the slippery hour can will choose to block the pole pushes into a motive for, cutting off launching machine, toing guarantee a car the safety.
1暫停。
2自動(dòng)變速箱。
懸掛系統(tǒng)
在現(xiàn)代汽車有2種暫停，一種是從移動(dòng)，另一種是積極的。
從移動(dòng)功能，是由彈簧線圈，降低撲翼機(jī)（減少的皮瓣），導(dǎo)致組織等構(gòu)成，它是振動(dòng)的影響消失roadecause這種能產(chǎn)生作用力的自己，因此稱為積極的。
該活動(dòng)是超過十年的發(fā)展，從一種新的計(jì)算機(jī)控制，有三個(gè)方面：
（1）必須能產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力來源的功能力；
（2）進(jìn)行一塊可以提供這種功能的結(jié)合力使其能夠繼續(xù)工作；
（3）有多種傳播感到機(jī)相結(jié)合，集中相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行微機(jī)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，結(jié)合決策控制方式。因此，主動(dòng)技術(shù)，聚集在一起，力學(xué)與電子知識(shí)，是一種高技術(shù)，比較通運(yùn)輸力的降低，從沖擊力而引起的加載系統(tǒng)。其中彈簧上升的主要功能，減速的沖擊力，減少的主要功能，該機(jī)是一種減少振動(dòng)。由于這種受外力而起作用，所以從移動(dòng)電話。
但有源設(shè)備的控制環(huán)節(jié)安裝可移動(dòng)生產(chǎn)取出，采用一種抑制抑制力的道路面臨的沖擊力的運(yùn)輸和傾斜力的運(yùn)輸。哦復(fù)雜裝備。
例如裝備主動(dòng)軸的法國(guó)雪鐵龍桑，汽車的系統(tǒng)速度，運(yùn)輸，微機(jī)，對(duì)這5種傳播感覺機(jī)器，區(qū)分送到微電腦汽車很快，前一輪系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行壓力和步移動(dòng)油門踏板垂直皮瓣和頻率，改變方向盤角度和方向變化的速度等數(shù)據(jù)定向。計(jì)算機(jī)接收這些datases連續(xù)預(yù)臨界值設(shè)定進(jìn)行比較，選擇相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象。同時(shí)，獨(dú)立控制每一個(gè)基于單片機(jī)的汽車車輪實(shí)施一美元，通過控制減振器內(nèi)部油壓變化創(chuàng)造取出移動(dòng)，但可以在任何時(shí)間，任何汽車輪創(chuàng)作會(huì)議請(qǐng)求一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此，桑橋汽車有不同的駕駛模式選擇，駕駛只要拉動(dòng)找到副筆他“正?！钡膬x表板或“體育”按鈕，會(huì)自動(dòng)車建立在最好的外觀，以便最佳舒適功能。
此外，積極的功能，具有運(yùn)輸運(yùn)動(dòng)控制。當(dāng)汽車系統(tǒng)移動(dòng)或轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角慣性造成當(dāng)彈簧線圈變換，活動(dòng)力會(huì)產(chǎn)生第一和相對(duì)反的力，減少各種運(yùn)輸位置。例如德國(guó)2000個(gè)華彩式運(yùn)動(dòng)車，是，車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎角傾斜傳播感覺機(jī)將立即審查運(yùn)輸橫向加速度，計(jì)算機(jī)根據(jù)信息傳播和感覺，與先期的臨界值進(jìn)行比較計(jì)算成立，立即在那里一定全一般多大的負(fù)荷增加。
活躍在汽車-液壓與氣壓式：
從這個(gè)角度劃分的控制力，可以分為被動(dòng)的，積極的半主動(dòng)的。
目前，汽車系統(tǒng)有彈簧與減振器的主要來源，無法在系統(tǒng)insupplies裝置，其靈活性，不能改變的外部工作的要求，因此，這種被動(dòng)的。
積極的行動(dòng)有直接力行為和行動(dòng)發(fā)生機(jī)，可以根據(jù)輸入輸出的優(yōu)越的反饋進(jìn)行控制，使其有減搖性能最優(yōu)，以提高汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性和順利。它構(gòu)成一個(gè)力發(fā)生機(jī)鐵從彈性C。
半主動(dòng)彈簧線圈可以看到從可變特征與機(jī)，減少和拍打一個(gè)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的，雖然它不能進(jìn)行控制和調(diào)節(jié)上與外部輸入，它可以節(jié)省下每一種長(zhǎng)期的計(jì)算器上彈簧與減振器的參數(shù)優(yōu)化指令調(diào)節(jié)彈簧只是外觀與減少撲翼機(jī)。它的靈活性與每系數(shù)機(jī)可以調(diào)節(jié)范圍內(nèi)的大構(gòu)成。
電子技術(shù)的控制系統(tǒng)主要由車（車高和改變方向的角加速度，道路，估計(jì)）傳播到感應(yīng)機(jī)械，電子控制單元，控制執(zhí)行機(jī)等構(gòu)成?？刂葡到y(tǒng)的功能通常低于三：
1車高調(diào)整是汽車在上升和下降時(shí)，路面不開車，可使車廂頂起，以便通過；當(dāng)路好讓好時(shí)間，可以降低運(yùn)輸，減少空氣的幫助，提高操縱穩(wěn)定性。
2力控制是用來提高操縱穩(wěn)定性自動(dòng)，在急轉(zhuǎn)彎，急加速移動(dòng)的緊急系統(tǒng)的情況下，可以居民對(duì)邊，橫把顫振控制的運(yùn)輸可以更快速，精確，汽車進(jìn)行良好的時(shí)間與穩(wěn)定提高轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)輸方面，減少。前運(yùn)輸?shù)男∠到y(tǒng)，開始討厭加快可以減少后仰。即使在惡劣的道路，顫振的馬車太少，輪胎增加粘接強(qiáng)度的地面。
一個(gè)主動(dòng)式印刷機(jī)。
主動(dòng)式電子控制機(jī)數(shù)量可以根據(jù)加速度等，利用液壓配件汽車振動(dòng)的主動(dòng)控制。主動(dòng)式液壓的安排是sepress各種運(yùn)輸。
3簧圈只是一個(gè)控制改變彈簧剛度，使一個(gè)滿足的運(yùn)動(dòng)或舒適的要求。
采用一個(gè)皇后，cahown圖的汽車，在附近的傳動(dòng)裝置中的重心在汽車縱向，橫向加速度和橫把上preads感覺機(jī)器，用來收集運(yùn)輸振動(dòng)，汽車車輪跳動(dòng)的程度高，運(yùn)輸與向一邊傾斜外觀等信號(hào)，這些signalses輸入控制單元，電控單元根據(jù)輸入信號(hào)與預(yù)先設(shè)置的程序問題的控制指令，控制伺服電機(jī)結(jié)合操縱前后四個(gè)執(zhí)行工作。
2。主動(dòng)式空氣
電子控制主動(dòng)式空氣系統(tǒng)，微機(jī)根據(jù)蔓延感到機(jī)變化的指示發(fā)出的指令，可以給根據(jù)小機(jī)后提供的信號(hào)控制方式，給了飛行員進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析，剛度與系數(shù)，運(yùn)輸是一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的驅(qū)動(dòng)器的過程中保持良好穩(wěn)定的功能，并作出反應(yīng)的振動(dòng)的運(yùn)輸控制在允許的?？傮w上說，控制內(nèi)容的主動(dòng)式空氣包括運(yùn)輸高度和減振器降低力，彈簧彈性系數(shù)等三項(xiàng)目；
1、高控制在車上；分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只有在一三種作品的外觀；
2、減少震動(dòng)機(jī)減少力控制分為低，中，高三文件；
3、分空氣彈簧彈性系數(shù)coilses軟，硬文件。
空氣中電子控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理；利用空氣壓縮機(jī)壓縮空氣形成，聯(lián)合給壓縮空氣彈簧與空氣室，減少和震動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)，在這個(gè)高度的車輛。一個(gè)附近的皇后輪建立了汽車高傳播感覺機(jī)器，按車輛高速出口信號(hào)傳播感覺機(jī)，微機(jī)判斷車輛的高度，然后控制壓縮機(jī)的閥線，使彈簧壓縮或伸長(zhǎng)，但車輛高度控制。
建立電機(jī)減少震動(dòng)機(jī)，電機(jī)受信號(hào)控制的微型機(jī)。利用電動(dòng)機(jī)可以改變大小的氣孔。
具體說來，開關(guān)近自由精神在儀表板在汽車系統(tǒng)，利用開關(guān)可以形成6種不同的工作方法。
自動(dòng)變速箱
自動(dòng)變速箱選擋桿等于移動(dòng)換檔的變速箱，一般有以下幾個(gè)部分：磷（停車場(chǎng)），右（倒擋），氮（空塊），天（前進(jìn)），（2的，即為2塊，屬（很快）1，即1塊很快）這幾個(gè)使用阻塞右慣例驅(qū)動(dòng)自動(dòng)變速箱是汽車人說特別重要，下面讓我們非常熟悉一下自動(dòng)變速箱各屏蔽的主題。
●使用的磷（停車塊）
發(fā)射運(yùn)只要選擇塊極在駕駛位置，自動(dòng)變速箱汽車跑起來非常容易。但是公園，選擇塊極要拉成磷，但通過內(nèi)部停車系統(tǒng)，變速箱移動(dòng)裝置將輸出柄鎖結(jié)合生活，緊張的手系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行，防止車輛行走。
●使用的注冊(cè)商標(biāo)（倒擋）
一控制澆注阻斷，使用切片內(nèi)要記錄，自動(dòng)變速箱汽車與移動(dòng)變速箱汽車可以使用半移動(dòng)，所以當(dāng)?shù)管囈貏e注意加速踏板。
●使用氮（空塊）
這個(gè)是等于空塊，可以同時(shí)啟動(dòng)或小時(shí)拖車使用。在等待信號(hào)或堵車往往會(huì)經(jīng)常選擇擋桿保持在研發(fā)，踐踏同時(shí)下系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行。如果時(shí)間很短，這樣做是接納，但如果停止時(shí)間長(zhǎng)時(shí)間最好改變成氮，并拉緊手系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行。因?yàn)檫x擇塊極在駕駛位置，自動(dòng)變速箱車一般都推動(dòng)這一趨勢(shì)的微弱，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的系統(tǒng)相同的踐踏作為一種威懾，這種趨勢(shì)，使變速箱油了，油液在性質(zhì)上的變化容易。特別是在空調(diào)機(jī)的工作，很快推出高在機(jī)器底部更不利的情況。一些飛行員的緣故，節(jié)油，在取得良好的時(shí)間或走下坡會(huì)選擇塊桿拉的衰落，這燒傷的變速箱很容易壞，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)很快在但是因?yàn)樽兯傧漭敵龃藭r(shí)秸稈變成很高，很快，油泵提供石油短缺，潤(rùn)滑條件惡化，燒傷容易壞變速箱。
●使用的（前進(jìn)擋）
將選擇塊時(shí)，是正常的驅(qū)動(dòng)桿放在研發(fā)，汽車可以在1～4塊（3塊）的變化，自動(dòng)擋的研發(fā)。驅(qū)動(dòng)器位置最常用。需求控制的是：因?yàn)樽詣?dòng)變速箱是高和低的汽車來確保根據(jù)油門大小，從而加速踏板操作方法不同，改變塊一小時(shí)的車很快也不相同。如果開始小時(shí)快速加速踏板踩下，上升到塊的夜晚，加速能力強(qiáng)，到了一定會(huì)很快的背后，然后將加速踏板松開開得很快，汽車可以起到阻滯，推出這樣的機(jī)器聲音小，舒適的良好。
另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)制性的低阻塞，易高速時(shí)汽車將加快趕超，迅速的把踏板踩到底，將強(qiáng)制低抵御通過，可以減少自動(dòng)擋，汽車加速超車后很快，汽車松打開踏板加速，可以起到自動(dòng)擋了。
●使用的信用低，使用塊
自動(dòng)變速箱中放置在低阻塞范圍的或是可以使用的，根據(jù)等情況。它的變化可以利用發(fā)射到的或是機(jī)制的運(yùn)行，避免車車輪系統(tǒng)移動(dòng)機(jī)器過熱，使系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的影響下降而下降斜率。但改變?yōu)閺漠a(chǎn)品或我，汽車很快就不能高于相應(yīng)起阻擋車很快，否則強(qiáng)烈振動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)推出，使變速箱油急劇上升，甚至?xí)p壞變速箱。
這是另一個(gè)在雨霧天氣時(shí)，如果道路堅(jiān)持長(zhǎng)期壞，可以改變成一個(gè)位置，或在某些低，固定第一阻擋駕駛，不使用可自動(dòng)改變封鎖，以防止車打滑。必須牢記在同一時(shí)間，擊敗滑時(shí)可將選擇塊極推為動(dòng)力，切割機(jī)，以保證汽車的安全。
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