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黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
附 錄
附錄A
Electric forklift industry of the necessary conditions for the development of the industry
As counterbalanced electric forklift transport, high efficiency, ease of handling, storage and transport characteristics, so a large enclosed trailer transport lines will become an important force for transport, general trailer market demand will gradually shift to the van. Development counterbalanced electric forklift requires the following conditions:
First, efficient transportation system of organizations. As counterbalanced electric forklift loading and unloading time of up to several hours, in order to save costs, European and American developed countries, the universal realization of the transport van semi-trailer tractor and trailer head and tail separation between the rejection linked to transport. Counterbalanced electric forklifts are generally large transport companies, counterbalanced electric forklift generally belong to dispersed individuals or small companies, counterbalanced electric forklift trucks and trailers in general in the volume ratio of about 1:2.5 or 3. Possibility of achieving effective connection between head and tail, the maximum extent possible to reduce the front of the residence time of waiting and Kongshi to determine van semi-trailer transport efficiency as an important part, therefore, high speed and efficiency requirements of the appropriate van semi-trailer and efficient transport transport system of organizations.
Second, a strong information network system. Timely, accurate and adequate information and shipping information for the balance of heavy transport vehicles, electric forklift trucks transport organization is extremely important. European and American developed countries counterbalanced electric forklift transport mostly internet, electronic data transmission technology and global positioning system as the basis to establish a strong information network system, which is to strengthen the transport communication between companies and customers, transportation companies, and the front of the owners communication and coordination, unity of command, unified control of the important guarantee.
Third, the appropriate infrastructure systems. Counterbalanced electric forklift on including roads, bridges and culverts, stations and other infrastructure, including certain requirements. Currently developed areas in eastern China and the domestic level in many parts of the trunk roads have been equipped van semi-trailer transport requirements, but the calibration of bridge height and tonnage also need to make corresponding adjustments to the new bridge's construction standards also need to make adjusted accordingly, is also a need to strengthen the planning and construction station.
Fourth, the rational road pricing system. Counterbalanced electric forklifts and road transport energy-saving advantages of low loss, therefore, the design of road transport charging system should be reflected in policy guidance to encourage its development.
附錄B
平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車行業(yè)發(fā)展的必要條件
由于平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車運(yùn)輸效率高便于裝卸、存貯和運(yùn)輸?shù)忍攸c(diǎn)，因此大型封閉式半掛車運(yùn)輸將成為今后干線運(yùn)輸?shù)闹匾α?，普通半掛車市?chǎng)需求將逐漸向廂式車轉(zhuǎn)移。發(fā)展平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車需要具備以下條件：
第一，高效的運(yùn)輸組織系統(tǒng)。由于平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車的裝卸時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)小時(shí)，為了節(jié)約成本，歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的廂式半掛車運(yùn)輸普遍實(shí)現(xiàn)了頭尾分離的牽引車與半掛車之間的甩掛運(yùn)輸。平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車一般屬于大的運(yùn)輸公司，平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車一般分屬分散在各地的個(gè)人或小公司，平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車與半掛車數(shù)量之比大體在1∶2.5或3左右。是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)頭尾之間的有效銜接，盡最大可能減少車頭的停留等待和空駛時(shí)間，就成為決定廂式半掛車運(yùn)輸效率的重要環(huán)節(jié)，因此，平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車運(yùn)輸要求相應(yīng)的高效的運(yùn)輸組織系統(tǒng)。
第二，強(qiáng)大的信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、充分的貨運(yùn)信息和運(yùn)輸車輛信息對(duì)于平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車的運(yùn)輸組織是極其重要的。歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車運(yùn)輸大多以internet、電子數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)和全球定位系統(tǒng)等為依托建立了強(qiáng)大的信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，這是加強(qiáng)運(yùn)輸公司與客戶之間的溝通、運(yùn)輸公司和車頭業(yè)主之間的溝通和協(xié)調(diào)，實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一指揮、統(tǒng)一調(diào)度的重要保障。
第三，適宜的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施系統(tǒng)。平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車對(duì)包括道路、橋涵、站場(chǎng)等在內(nèi)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有一定的要求。目前我國(guó)東部發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)和國(guó)內(nèi)許多地區(qū)的干線公路等級(jí)都已經(jīng)具備了平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車的運(yùn)輸要求，但橋涵的標(biāo)定高度和噸位還需要做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，新的橋涵的建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也需要做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，同時(shí)，還需要加強(qiáng)站場(chǎng)的規(guī)劃建設(shè)。
第四，合理的道路收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)。平衡重式電動(dòng)叉車運(yùn)輸具有節(jié)能和對(duì)公路損耗低的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此，道路運(yùn)輸收費(fèi)制度的設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)鼓勵(lì)其發(fā)展的政策導(dǎo)向。
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