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編號(hào)
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 牽引絞車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專(zhuān)業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923065
學(xué)生姓名： 邵亞霜
指導(dǎo)教師： 高漢華 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目： 牽引絞車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專(zhuān)業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923065
學(xué)生姓名： 邵亞霜
指導(dǎo)教師： 高漢華（職稱：副教授）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月14日
課題來(lái)源
生產(chǎn)生活實(shí)際
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
由于調(diào)度絞車(chē)體積小重量輕，搬運(yùn)方便，牽引力大，使用靈活，性能可靠性高，在煤礦得到了廣泛使用。同時(shí)隨著大中型礦井的增多，煤炭產(chǎn)量的提高和大型綜采設(shè)備的使用，要求礦用小絞車(chē)在工作能力、工作效率、節(jié)能、使用壽命方面得到應(yīng)有的改進(jìn)，盡快克服目前調(diào)度絞車(chē)牽引力小，并要求具有“一機(jī)多用”的功能，以簡(jiǎn)化礦用小絞車(chē)設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)、管理及維護(hù)，減少投資費(fèi)用。調(diào)度絞車(chē)多年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)一直具有較高的需求量, 平均每年需求各種不同規(guī)格的絞車(chē)數(shù)萬(wàn)臺(tái), 因此, 改進(jìn)質(zhì)量降低成本、研制一種具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、剛性好、傳動(dòng)效率高、安裝移動(dòng)方便、啟動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、操作靈活、制動(dòng)可靠、故障率低、噪音低的調(diào)度絞車(chē)具有重要意義。
（2）調(diào)度絞車(chē)的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景
1. 品種：國(guó)外礦用小絞車(chē)規(guī)格比較多，適用不同場(chǎng)合，我國(guó)礦用小絞車(chē)的規(guī)格少，品種型號(hào)多而亂，也較繁雜，沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1]。
2 .型式：從工作機(jī)構(gòu)上分，國(guó)外有單筒、雙筒及摩擦式三種，我國(guó)只有單筒一種型式。從原動(dòng)力上分，國(guó)外有電動(dòng)的、風(fēng)動(dòng)的及液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)，我國(guó)只有電動(dòng)的和少量風(fēng)動(dòng)的[1]。
3. 結(jié)構(gòu)：我國(guó)及國(guó)外的調(diào)度絞車(chē)大多數(shù)采用行星齒輪傳動(dòng)，其傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、使用維修方便。但行星齒輪傳動(dòng)只有在載荷分配均勻情況下才能充分發(fā)揮傳動(dòng)比大、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、效率高、承載能力大、傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在行星齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)中均載機(jī)構(gòu)是必不可少的。均載機(jī)構(gòu)能補(bǔ)償不可避免的制造誤差,使各行星齒輪均勻分擔(dān)載荷,功率均勻分流,降低載荷不均勻系數(shù),從而提高承載能力。降低噪聲,提高平穩(wěn)性和可靠性,降低齒輪的制造精度。蘇聯(lián)的產(chǎn)品體積比我國(guó)同等規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品要小。例如蘇聯(lián)規(guī)定，國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的調(diào)度絞車(chē)的軸向尺寸不大于lm，而我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的牽引力1000N以上的產(chǎn)品軸向尺寸均遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于1m以上[1]。
4 .產(chǎn)品性能：主要壽命、噪音、可靠性等綜合指標(biāo)與蘇聯(lián)有差距。蘇聯(lián)礦用小絞車(chē)使用壽命規(guī)定在5年以上，我國(guó)目前不具備測(cè)試手段壽命無(wú)法考核，但從對(duì)用戶的訪問(wèn)中得知，壽命達(dá)不到5年，噪音也稍大[1]。
5. 三化水平：雖然我國(guó)礦用小絞車(chē)參數(shù)系列水平優(yōu)于國(guó)外，但在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和通用化方面遠(yuǎn)不如發(fā)達(dá)采煤機(jī)械制造國(guó)。蘇聯(lián)把調(diào)度絞車(chē)運(yùn)輸絞車(chē)等統(tǒng)一為一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，主機(jī)相同。只是制造和操作部分有所區(qū)別，而我國(guó)既使是同一規(guī)格產(chǎn)品，不同廠家生產(chǎn)的其結(jié)構(gòu)各不相同，零件無(wú)通用之處，給使用和選型造成不便[1]。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
此設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了調(diào)度絞車(chē)的方案設(shè)計(jì)，并進(jìn)行了比較分析，對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)和主要部件經(jīng)行了設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核。并對(duì)絞車(chē)的控制電路進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
1、零件的分析，其中包括零件的功用分析和零件的工藝分析。
2、零件工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)，其中包括確定毛坯的制造形式、定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇、擬定零件加工的工藝路線、機(jī)械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的確定、確定切削用量及基本工時(shí)。
3、實(shí)驗(yàn)完全以數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)分析，行之有效，對(duì)于整套設(shè)計(jì)有完整的設(shè)計(jì)思路，具體的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算完全可以通過(guò)查表或者公式書(shū)籍可以獲得，完全有可行性。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年12月25日：按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告書(shū)。
2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告。
2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：零件工藝，主要部件的參數(shù)計(jì)算及裝配圖草圖。
2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：裝配圖，零件圖繪制。
2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫(xiě)和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
1．通過(guò)該設(shè)計(jì)熟悉零件加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)的一般思路。
2．掌握一般零件加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)的方法和技巧。
3．通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)鞏固機(jī)械制圖、金屬材料、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)、機(jī)械制造工藝等課程的知識(shí)。
4．完成絞車(chē)零件工藝設(shè)計(jì)、主要部件的參數(shù)計(jì)算及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的選用。
5．完成卷筒零件圖1張。
6．完成絞車(chē)零件圖5張。
7．完成絞車(chē)總裝圖2張。
8．撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
① 使用AUTOCAD，繪圖方便快捷，方便改變參量，能夠直接觀察成形的箱體。
② 可以采用三維造型軟件或加工仿真軟件將其進(jìn)行三維造型并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的加工仿真。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題
① 實(shí)驗(yàn)方案思路已經(jīng)非常明確，已經(jīng)具備機(jī)械制圖、機(jī)械原理、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、金屬材料等方面的知識(shí)。
② 將所學(xué)理論知識(shí)相結(jié)合和融會(huì)貫通的能力尚需加強(qiáng)，和對(duì)實(shí)際問(wèn)題的分析能力有
待提高。
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見(jiàn)
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見(jiàn)
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
Abstract
? First、 Scheduling and the structural characteristics of winch
scheduling winch is used to dispatch vehicles to assist traction and operating a winch. Commonly used in the mine tunnel in the haulage and supporting mine car handling、 can also be used in the mining face、 with scheduling space station、 heavy cars.
· ??Scheduling winch is full-gear transmission machinery. Gear also known as the round of the transmission system. According round of the transmission gear when the axis of space in the relative position is fixed、 can be divided into fixed and working capital of the axis round of the round. Another round of the axis of cylindrical mesh gear transmission and the cylindrical mesh gear transmission of points、 and turnover of another round of transmission and differential planetary transmission of the points. Scheduling the winch within the existing transmission gear meshing cylindrical Gear、 another planetary transmission、 scheduling winch planetary transmission gear、 also known as the winch.
???Scheduling winch models commonly used mainly JD-0.4 (JD-4.5)、 JD-1 (JD) -11.4)、 JD-1. (JD-22)、 JD-2 (JD-25)、 JD-3 (JD - 40).
???Below the JD-3 (that is、 JD-40) as an example of scheduling winch on the composition and scheduling transmission principle.
?(A) JD-3-scheduling of the winch
???JD-3-scheduling the main component of the winch drum for、 brakes and motor frame. From the winch drum made of cast steel、 its main function is winding rope traction load. Drum、 and the slowdown in gear with the gear.
???Winch on the two groups with a total installed-gate that is Brake 2、the gateway 3. Motor side of the gate 2 to brake drum brakes、 the gear in the work of three gates used to control Z7 group functioning.
?? Use made of cast iron frame、 the motor bearings and gates with stent-positioning are fixed with bolts in the plane seat. For Flameproof for the thee-phase motor .
?(B) JD-3-Dispatch winch the drive principle
??this type of winch used two Internal Drives and a planetary gear transmission. Z1/Z2 and Z3/Z4 for two Internal Drive、 Z5、 Z6、 Z7 composition of planetary transmission mechanism.
?? Motor head in the installation of a 5-axis extended sets of gear Z1、 through the gears Z2、 with gear Z3 and Z4、 the movement spread to gear Z5、 the Z5 is the planetary gear wheel of a central round (or round of the Sun) And then led the two planetary gear Z6、 and the gear Z7. Planetary gear freely installed in the two driven and connected to a fixed axis、 the largest in the gear Z7 Gear work with the external gateway、 used to control winch drum operation.
?? If the big gear Z7 gate on the work of three gates to live、 and will be on the brake drum gates 2 release、 this time by two motor rotation within the rodents to gear wheel drive Z5、 Z6 and Z7. However、 due to Z7 gate has been living and can not rotate、 so gear Z6 only on the one hand around its own axis of rotation、 but also around the axis of gear Z5 (drum center) to the public. Thus connected with the rotation of the lead、 then Z6 the operation mode very similar to the planets in the solar system (such as Earth) movement、 also known as the planetary gear Z6、 its transmission mode known as the planetary transmission.
??? Conversely、 if the gear Z7 in the work release gate 3、 and will brake drum on the live gate 2、 the Z6 directly connected with the drum、 only for the rotation、 not revolution、 the Z1 from the transmission system changed to Z7 For the fixed axis of the round、 gear Z7 to go short. Inverted for the release (or live gate) gate work Brake 2 or 3、 you can make scheduling winch in the case of non-stop motor to achieve operating and parking. When the need to reverse upgrade、 must be re-activated the launch button、 reverse the motor running.
?? It should be noted that、 when the motor is turned on、 the gate and not allowed to work Brake live gate at the same time、 it will burn motor or other accidents.
Second、 scheduling winch day-to-day maintenance check the contents of
???(1) check each part of bolts、 pin、 nuts、 washers、 etc.、 if loose、 loss should be tightened and timely complement.
???(2) to check installations and electrical signal Operation button is intact and whether stolen explosive phenomenon、 whether the signal sent clear and bright、 it should be repaired or replaced.
??(3) to check whether damaged or broken drum、 the first wire rope is firmly fixed、 bearing oil spill there、 the rope is neatly arranged、 the problems should be promptly dealt with.
??(4) inspection gate with a crack-free、 wear-gauge whether or not (should have a thickness of not less than 3 mm)、 the tension bar bolts、 fork first、 the gate、 such as whether there is a pin deformation or injury、 whether the loose nuts back tight、 Problems should be adjusted and dealt with.
??(5) Check the gate and lever action is a flexible system、 Shi gate、 the ate may not reach the level position、 it should be slightly Sangria than the horizontal position.
??(6) to check the roof fixed winch-and-beam is solid、 based on whether there is a bolt or bolts loose、 whether crack base、 the issue should be dealt with promptly.
??(7) To check whether the normal start motor idling、 whether good grounding to start with、 and so whether the explosion-proof electrical equipment and good demand.
(8) Check bearings and motors、 switches、 cables、 such as whether the gate with the temperature too high、 the problem should be found to identify the reasons for、 to take measures to deal with.
(9) Often wipe winch to remove dust and debris、 and maintain the environment clean and tidy. Winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance
Third、 winch common faults and deal with
???? (A) a winch drum abnormal sound and the main approach
???? 1. Winch drum produce abnormal sound the main reason
???? (1) drum cartridge case bolts loose.
???? (2) Shell and tube-round (flange) gap between too large.
???? (3) Drum cylinder shell cracks.
???? (4) Welding a cylinder shell welding.
???? (5) Walks drum and hub of the fixed screw loose、 causing swimming drum and hub between the relative sliding.
???? (6) Gap between the hub and spindle wear too large.
???? (7) A clutch worm screw loose.
??2. Approach
???? According to the inspection to determine treatment. If the loosening of the nut、 in Jiao Ban shutdown when fastening If noise is not serious、 may be appropriate to reduce winch load、 pay attention to observe、 to maintain the provisions of the maintenance shutdown at the repair if the beep serious、 they should immediately Parking repaired or replaced、 so as to avoid accidents expand.
????(B) On the rope winch drum with Bu Shangri hazards、 causes and treatment methods、
??1. Winch drum on the rope with the harm Bu Shangri
???(1) speed up the rope wear. Rope in the mess on the winding drum、 traction force to justice often ranked in the mess in the rope and pressure to get out、 causing serious wear、 resulting in diameter steel wire rope and wire break more ground and shorten the life of the rope.
??(2) Of wire rope slid off the drum. Rope with Bu Shangri、 an inevitable phenomenon of a crowded heap for damage to justice board、 when the reactor crowded the edge of more than high rollers、 the rope easily slid off the drum、 light、 broken wires、 heavy sports car、 and broken rope.
??2. Winch drum on the main rope with Bu Shangri
???(1) winch layout properly that is hoisting cable angle non-compliance requirements.
???(2) Winch Titanium (Preliminary round) Quemoy not with the rope on the winding drum at about sliding.
???(3) Ranked rope winch device failure or have been removed.
?? (4) Improper operation the wound is not tight.
??3. Approach
? According to different situations symptomatic treatment. The installation of quality and exclusive rope devices such as the failure to timely report on the request sent treatment、 operation or maintenance of an improper、 we should conscientiously in accordance with the provisions of meticulous operation and maintenance; Inclined Drift winch paying particular attention to removing obstacles on their way to prevent the re-delegate Of Mandrel、 tight-rope Mandrel.
???? (C) Winch reducer operation abnormal sound and vibration generated in the causes and treatment
???? 1. Reducer functioning of abnormal sound and vibration generated in the main
???? (1) gears meshing space tight or too loose.
???? (2) Bearing gap is too large、 the general performance of the decentralization empty at the beep、 beep when upgrading heavy small.
???? (3) Or bearing reducer bolts loose.
???? (4) Reducer in the swap was foreign bodies.
???? 2. Approach
???? (1) adjusting the gears meshing gap to a suitable position、 if the wear and gear should be replaced.
???? (2) Relaxation of the repair or replacement of bearings.
???? (3) Pay attention to tighten loose screws.
???? (4) If it has fallen into foreign body reducer、 should be immediately suspended、 and troubleshooting.
???? (D) Winch brake gate of the reasons for and treatment of fever
???? 1. Brake winch for fever
???? (1) a gate too early、 too excessive.
???? (2) Weights are often delegated to use Brake、 no electrical power winch braking system
EC、 single-drum winch often such a situation.
???? (3) Brake shoe loose bolts or excessive brake wear、 the bolt hit the first round of gate (or gateway disc).
???? (4) Brake shoe and the gateway round (or gateway disk) was not installed correctly; the contact area is too small.
???? (5) Gate Ferry (or gateway disc) swing more.
???? 2. Prevention and treatment
????? Constantly sum up experience in operations、 and explore methods of operation and improve the level of technique; strict winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance of traction control grid load、 no-load、 do not send delegate at the motor-vehicle gate flying; regular maintenance checks、 pay attention to brake shoe and the gateway Round (or gate-) exposure.
???? (5) Disc Brake-meters does not deal with the causes and prevention methods
???? 1. Brake-song disc is not the main meters
???(1) brake operation handle screw drawbars length adjustment inappropriate.
???(2) Brake operation handle swing point of view inappropriate.
???(3) Relief valve plug the hole cut expenditure or slide valve failure death card.
???(4) Relief valve surge devices or electro-hydraulic oil spills.
???(5) electro-hydraulic device moves lap surge Inch Xian welding is not strong or disconnected.
2. Prevention approaches
???the timely adjustment of brake operation handle moves location、 regular cleansing of the hydraulic system of oil filters、 hydraulic oil to maintain the cleanliness and avoid valve plug the hole.
???(6) The launch button、 do not turn the winch motor and Treatment
1. Main
?? (1) A power failure、 such as power failures、 break phase、 motor or grounding line、 grounding the protection of power supply voltage or too low.
(2) Stop button did not recover bit.
???(3) Have launched internal fault.
???(4) Cable operator disconnected.
???(5) Motor burned.
2. Approach
To check power、 such as the local power supply cables on the other electrical and mechanical equipment are a fixed、 it would surely is the power blackout、 should be promptly reported that the request transmission. Check the button、 we must switch handle hit by power outage location、 check the button may be open、 not to repair its damaged in the explosion-proof performance. Several other conditions must be full-time electrician to check processing.
????(7) The stop button、 the motor does not stop the causes and treatment 1. Main
???(1) Operating button failures or too wet.
???(2) Operation of short circuit or grounding.
???(3) Magnetic starter for the main contact point or burning auxiliary contact adhesive and can not leave.
???(4) arc-suppression hood stuck contact、 could not leave.
?? (5) Contact between the open relays.
???(6) Magnetic starter placed unrighteousness、 touch or backward dumping beyond 15 °.
2. Approach
?????? Should urgently Fishing magnetic starter、 to winch their magnetic starter handle the operation to stop fighting position. Pre-gate method should be used first to raise load stopped to prevent Lash starter when the magnetic switch in isolation have too great a power outage sparks.
?? (8) Single-phase operation of the motor causes and treatment
1．Winch motor single-phase operation of the characteristics and hazards
(1) Whether positive start、 or reverse start、 the electrical occurred dull hum、 but the motor will not always turn.
(2) If a motor running in single-phase operation、 while still maintaining the original motor to spin、 but obviously slow down the speed、 a humming sound、 the electrical start fever、 if the winch with Ammeter、 some point to zero、 Some larger current value. Whether or activated in motor running single-phase operation、 if not timely detection and shutdown、 it may be burning motor for the accident.
?2. Single-phase operation of a motor for
???(1) Lack of power (of a fault). This is because of a broken fuse or a disconnection of contacts and a phase-connection is bad、 and so causes.
? (2) Motor stator windings of a break. Stator windings at this time because of the different connection mode、 the impact of differentiated、 that is、 stars (丫) of wiring than 1.30 (△) of wiring serious.
3. Approach
???Rapid shut down to identify reasons for the timely reporting or maintenance electrician for processing.
JT調(diào)度絞車(chē)
?調(diào)度絞車(chē)及其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
調(diào)度絞車(chē)是常用來(lái)調(diào)度車(chē)輛及進(jìn)行輔助牽引作業(yè)的一種絞車(chē)。常用于礦井巷道中拖運(yùn)礦車(chē)及輔助搬運(yùn)，也可用在采掘工作面、裝車(chē)站調(diào)度空、重載礦車(chē)。
?? 調(diào)度絞車(chē)是一種全齒傳動(dòng)機(jī)械。齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)又稱輪系。根據(jù)輪系傳動(dòng)時(shí)各齒輪軸線在空間的相對(duì)位置是否固定，可分為定軸輪系和周轉(zhuǎn)輪系。定軸輪系又有外嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)和內(nèi)嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)之分，而周轉(zhuǎn)輪系又有差動(dòng)傳動(dòng)和行星傳動(dòng)之分。調(diào)度絞車(chē)的傳動(dòng)齒輪既有內(nèi)嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)，又有行星傳動(dòng)，所以調(diào)度絞車(chē)又稱內(nèi)齒輪行星傳動(dòng)絞車(chē)。
調(diào)度絞車(chē)常用型號(hào)主要有JD—0.4(JD—4.5)、JD—1（JD）—11.4）、JD—1.（JD—22）、JD—2（JD—25）、JD—3（JD—40）等。
?? 下面以JD—3（即JD—40）型調(diào)度絞車(chē)為例介紹調(diào)度絞車(chē)的組成及傳動(dòng)原理。
? （一）JD—3型調(diào)度絞車(chē)的組成
?? JD—3型調(diào)度絞車(chē)的主要組成部分為滾筒、制動(dòng)裝置機(jī)座和電動(dòng)機(jī)。?絞車(chē)滾筒由鑄鋼制成，其主要功能是纏繞鋼絲繩牽引負(fù)荷。滾筒內(nèi)和大內(nèi)齒輪下裝有減速齒輪。
?? 絞車(chē)上共裝有兩組帶式閘，即制動(dòng)閘2，工作閘3。電動(dòng)機(jī)一側(cè)的制動(dòng)閘2用來(lái)制動(dòng)滾筒，大內(nèi)齒輪上的工作閘3用于控制Z7組運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
?? 機(jī)座用鑄鐵制成，電動(dòng)機(jī)軸承支架及閘帶定位板等均用螺栓固定在機(jī)座上。電動(dòng)機(jī)為專(zhuān)用隔爆三相籠型電動(dòng)機(jī)。
? （二）JD—3型調(diào)度絞車(chē)的傳動(dòng)原理
? ? 該型絞車(chē)采用兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙合傳動(dòng)和一級(jí)行星輪傳動(dòng)。Z1/Z2和Z3/Z4為兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙合傳動(dòng)，Z5、Z6、Z7組成行星傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。
? ? 在電動(dòng)機(jī)5軸頭上安裝著加長(zhǎng)套的齒輪Z1，通過(guò)內(nèi)齒輪Z2、齒輪Z3和內(nèi)齒輪Z4，把運(yùn)動(dòng)傳到齒輪Z5上，齒輪Z5是行星輪系的中央輪（或稱太陽(yáng)輪），再帶動(dòng)兩個(gè)行星齒輪Z6和大內(nèi)齒輪Z7。行星齒輪自由地裝在2根與帶動(dòng)固定連接的軸上，大內(nèi)齒輪Z7齒圈外部裝有工作閘，用于控制絞車(chē)滾筒運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
?? 若將大內(nèi)齒輪Z7上的工作閘3閘住，而將滾筒上的制動(dòng)閘2松開(kāi)，此時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)由兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙輪傳動(dòng)到齒輪Z5、Z6和Z7。但由于Z7已被閘住，不能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，所以齒輪Z6只能一方面繞自己的軸線自轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)還要繞齒輪Z5的軸線（滾筒中心線）公轉(zhuǎn)。從而帶動(dòng)與其相連的帶動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，此時(shí)Z6的運(yùn)行方式很類(lèi)似太陽(yáng)系中的行星（如地球）的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，齒輪Z6又稱行星齒輪，其傳動(dòng)方式稱為行星傳動(dòng)。
?? 反之，若將大內(nèi)齒輪Z7上的工作閘3松開(kāi)，而將滾筒上的制動(dòng)閘2閘住，因Z6與滾筒直接相連，只作自轉(zhuǎn)，沒(méi)有公轉(zhuǎn)，從Z1到Z7的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)變?yōu)槎ㄝS輪系，齒輪Z7做空轉(zhuǎn)。倒替松開(kāi)（或閘?。┕ぷ鏖l3或制動(dòng)閘2，即可使調(diào)度絞車(chē)在不停電動(dòng)機(jī)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)行和停車(chē)。當(dāng)需要作反向提升時(shí)，必須重新按動(dòng)啟動(dòng)按鈕，使電機(jī)反向運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
?? 需要注意的是，當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)后，不準(zhǔn)將工作閘和制動(dòng)閘同時(shí)閘住，這樣會(huì)燒壞電動(dòng)機(jī)或發(fā)生其他事故。
二、調(diào)度絞車(chē)日常檢查維護(hù)的內(nèi)容
??? (1)檢查各部位螺栓、銷(xiāo)子、螺母、墊圈等，如有松動(dòng)、脫落，應(yīng)及時(shí)擰緊和補(bǔ)全。
??? (2)檢查信號(hào)裝置及電動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行操作按鈕是否完好和有無(wú)失爆現(xiàn)象，信號(hào)發(fā)出是否清楚和明亮，否則應(yīng)修理或更換。
??? (3)檢查滾筒有無(wú)損壞或破裂，鋼絲繩頭固定是否牢固，軸承有無(wú)漏油，鋼絲繩排列是否整齊，有問(wèn)題應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。
??? (4)檢查閘帶有無(wú)裂紋，磨損是否超限(應(yīng)留有不少于3 mm厚度)，拉桿螺栓、叉頭、閘把、銷(xiāo)軸等是否有損傷或變形，背緊螺母是否松動(dòng)，有問(wèn)題應(yīng)調(diào)整和處理。
??? (5)檢查閘把及杠桿系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作是否靈活，施閘后，閘把不得達(dá)到水平位置，應(yīng)當(dāng)比水平位置略有上翹。
??? (6)檢查固定絞車(chē)的頂柱和戧柱是否牢固，基礎(chǔ)螺栓或錨桿是否有松動(dòng)，底座有無(wú)裂紋，有問(wèn)題應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。
??? (7)檢查電動(dòng)機(jī)空載啟動(dòng)是否正常，接地是否良好，啟動(dòng)器等電氣設(shè)備是否符合防爆和完好要求。
??? (8)檢查軸承及電動(dòng)機(jī)、開(kāi)關(guān)、電纜、閘帶等是否溫度過(guò)高，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題應(yīng)查明原因，采取措施進(jìn)行處理。
(9)經(jīng)常擦拭絞車(chē)，清理浮塵和雜物，保持周?chē)h(huán)境整潔。絞車(chē)的安全操作、檢查與維護(hù)
三、絞車(chē)常見(jiàn)故障及處理
??? (一)絞車(chē)滾筒產(chǎn)生異響的主要原因及處理方法
??? 1．絞車(chē)滾筒產(chǎn)生異響的主要原因
??? (1)滾筒筒殼螺栓松動(dòng)。
??? (2)筒殼和支輪(法蘭盤(pán))之間間隙過(guò)大。
??? (3)滾筒筒殼產(chǎn)生裂紋。
??? (4)焊接筒殼開(kāi)焊。
??? (5)游動(dòng)滾筒和襯套的固定螺釘松動(dòng)，造成游動(dòng)滾筒和襯套之間有相對(duì)滑動(dòng)。
??? (6)襯套與主軸之間間隙磨損過(guò)大。
??? (7)蝸輪螺桿式離合器有松動(dòng)。
??? 2．處理方法
??? 根據(jù)檢查情況，確定處理方法。如對(duì)松動(dòng)的螺帽等，可在交接班停產(chǎn)時(shí)緊固；如果響聲不嚴(yán)重，可適當(dāng)減輕絞車(chē)負(fù)載，注意觀察，維持到規(guī)定的停產(chǎn)檢修時(shí)進(jìn)行修理；如果響聲嚴(yán)重，則應(yīng)立即停車(chē)修理或更換，以免事故擴(kuò)大。
??? (二)絞車(chē)滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的危害、原因及處理方法??? ，
??? 1．絞車(chē)滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的危害
??? (1)加快鋼絲繩磨損。鋼絲繩在滾筒上雜亂纏繞時(shí)，牽引受力繩經(jīng)常要在雜亂排繩中擠出來(lái)又壓進(jìn)去，造成嚴(yán)重磨損，造成鋼絲繩直徑磨細(xì)和斷絲增多，縮短了鋼絲繩的使用壽命。
??? (2)造成鋼絲繩滑出滾筒外。鋼絲繩排列不整齊，必然產(chǎn)生堆擠現(xiàn)象，損壞護(hù)繩板，當(dāng)堆擠高度超過(guò)滾筒邊緣高度時(shí)，鋼絲繩極易滑出滾筒外，輕者斷絲，重者斷繩跑車(chē)。
??? 2．絞車(chē)滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的主要原因
??? (1)絞車(chē)布置不當(dāng)，即提升鋼絲繩偏角不符合規(guī)定要求。
??? (2)絞車(chē)天輪(導(dǎo)輪)缺油，不能隨鋼絲繩在滾筒上纏繞時(shí)左右滑動(dòng)。
??? (3)絞車(chē)排繩裝置失效或已被拆除。
? (4)操作不當(dāng)，纏繞不緊。
? ?3．處理方法
? 根據(jù)不同情況，對(duì)癥處理。屬安裝質(zhì)量和排繩裝置失效等情況的，要及時(shí)匯報(bào)請(qǐng)求派人處理，屬操作或維護(hù)不當(dāng)?shù)?，要認(rèn)真按照規(guī)定精心操作和維護(hù)；斜巷絞車(chē)尤其要注意清除途中障礙，防止在下放重物時(shí)鋼絲繩忽松忽緊。
??? (三)絞車(chē)減速器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中產(chǎn)生異響和振動(dòng)的原因及處理方法
??? 1．減速器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中產(chǎn)生異響和振動(dòng)的主要原因
??? (1)齒輪嚙合間隙過(guò)緊或過(guò)松。
??? (2)軸承間隙過(guò)大，一般表現(xiàn)為下放空載時(shí)響聲大，重載提升時(shí)響聲小。
??? (3)減速器或軸承螺栓松動(dòng)。
??? (4)減速器內(nèi)掉人異物。
??? 2．處理方法
??? (1)調(diào)整齒輪嚙合間隙至適當(dāng)位置，若磨損嚴(yán)重，則應(yīng)更換齒輪。
??? (2)對(duì)松弛的軸承進(jìn)行修理或更換。
??? (3)注意緊固松動(dòng)的螺釘。
??? (4)若有異物掉進(jìn)減速器內(nèi)，應(yīng)立即停運(yùn)，排除故障。
??? (四)絞車(chē)制動(dòng)閘發(fā)熱的原因及處理
??? 1．絞車(chē)制動(dòng)閘發(fā)熱的原因
??? (1)用閘過(guò)早、過(guò)多、過(guò)猛。
??? (2)重物下放時(shí)經(jīng)常使用制動(dòng)閘，絞車(chē)沒(méi)有電氣動(dòng)力制動(dòng)系
統(tǒng)，單滾筒絞車(chē)常有此種情況。
??? (3)閘瓦螺栓松動(dòng)或閘瓦磨損過(guò)度，螺栓頭觸及閘輪(或閘盤(pán))。
??? (4)閘瓦與閘輪(或閘盤(pán))安裝不正確，接觸面積過(guò)小。
??? (5)閘輪(或閘盤(pán))擺動(dòng)較大。
??? 2．預(yù)防和處理方法
??? 不斷總結(jié)操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，探索操作方法，提高操作技術(shù)水平；嚴(yán)絞車(chē)的安全操作、檢查與維護(hù)格控制牽引負(fù)荷，嚴(yán)禁負(fù)荷下放時(shí)電機(jī)不送電松閘放飛車(chē)；經(jīng)常檢查維護(hù)，注意閘瓦與閘輪(或閘盤(pán))的接觸情況。
??? (五)盤(pán)式制動(dòng)閘松不開(kāi)閘的原因及預(yù)防處理方法
??? 1．盤(pán)式制動(dòng)閘松不開(kāi)閘的主要原因
??? (1)制動(dòng)操作handle絲杠拉桿長(zhǎng)度調(diào)整不合適。
??? (2)制動(dòng)操作handl