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Unit1Culturalrelics,知識清單,(一)基本單詞1.________vi.幸免;幸存;生還2.________vt.挑選;選擇3.________n.設計;圖案;構思vt.設計;計劃;構思4.________adj.奇特的;異樣的vt.想象;設想;愛好5.________vt.移動;搬開6.________n.懷疑;疑惑vt.懷疑;不信,survive,select,design,fancy,remove,doubt,單詞,7.__________adj.以前的;從前的8.__________adj.值得的;相當于…的價值n.價值；作用9._________adj.本地的;當?shù)氐?0.___________vi.爆炸11.___________vi.下沉;沉下12.___________n.爭論;辯論vi.爭論;辯論13.___________adj.非正式的14.___________adj.木制的15.___________adj.貴重的，有價值的16.___________adj.稀罕的，稀有的，珍貴的,former,worth,local,explode,sink,debate,informal,wooden,valuable,rare,(二)派生單詞17.____________vi.使吃驚;驚訝→_________adj.令人吃驚的→_________adj.吃驚的→____________n.吃驚;驚訝18.____________v.裝飾;裝修→____________n.裝修;裝飾,amaze,amazing,amazed,amazement,decorate,decoration,1.尋找2.屬于3.作為報答;回報4.處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)5.少于6.拆開7.看重;器重8.裝飾有,insearchof,belongto,inreturn,atwar,lessthan,takeapart,thinkhighlyof,bedecoratedwith,短語,核心要點,1.survivev.生存，存活；幸免，幸存；保存Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime?（課文原句）能保存很長時間就夠了嗎？,單詞,【拓展】survivorn.幸存者survivaln.殘存，生還，生存,2.selectvt.挑選;選擇Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolorlikehoney.（課文原句）選出來的琥珀色彩艷麗，呈現(xiàn)蜂蜜一樣的黃褐色。,【歸納】select...as...挑選……作為……selectsb.todo...挑選某人干......【辨析】choose,select,elect,pickchoose:側重根據(jù)個人意愿和判斷從眾多對象中進行選擇,著重被選者的優(yōu)點。select:書面,具有莊嚴正式的感情色彩,強調(diào)精選。,elect:按照一定的規(guī)章或法律,用投票等方式進行的認真慎重的選擇。pick:口語詞,多指從個人角度仔細挑選,也含任意挑選之意。,3.designn.設計;圖案;構思vt.設計;計劃;構思Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.（課文原句）琥珀屋的設計采用了當時流行的別致的建筑式樣。,【歸納】bydesign(＝onpurpose)故意地;蓄意地designsb./sth.todosth.打算讓……從事……designsb./sth.for...打算讓……用作某種目的bedesignedfor/todosth.計劃做;打算用來做,4.removev.移動;搬開;搬家;遷移;脫掉;撤職;消除BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesimmerpalace,theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.（課文原句）在納粹分子到達夏宮之前，俄羅斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件藝術飾品搬走。,【歸納】remove...from把……移開removefrom...to...從……搬到……removesb.fromschool開除;勒令某人退學removeone’sdoubt/trouble消除某人的疑慮/煩惱,【辨析】move,transfer,remove這些動詞均可表從一處移往另一處之意。move:普通用詞,指從一處到另一處轉移。transfer:一般表示轉送/移交或遷移,尤指交通運輸中的換乘或職務的調(diào)動等。remove:移動,與move可換用,還可指撤職或開除學藉等。,【辨析】remove,dismiss,expel這些動詞均有“開除,驅出,去掉”之意。remove:普通用詞,不帶任何感情色彩。dismiss:既可指突然地迅速地排除,也可指解雇或開除。expel:多指強行解除公職或驅出住地。,5.doubtv.不信ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.（課文原句）毫無疑問，這些箱子后來被裝上火車運往哥尼斯堡，當時德國在波羅的海邊的一個城市。,【歸納】without/beyonddoubt無疑地;必定;當然Thereisnodoubt毫無疑問……Thereissomedoubtwhether(if)...有疑問……Idon’tdoubtthat...我確信……Idoubtwhether(if)...我懷疑……nodoubt毫無疑問,6.worthadj.值得的;相當于……的價值n.價值;作用IsitworthrebuildinglostculturalrelicssuchastheAmberRoomorYuanMingYuaninBeijing?（課文原句）重建諸如琥珀屋和北京圓明園這類的文化遺址，是否值得？,【歸納】bewellworthdoingsth.非常值得做某事beworththemoney/effort/atry值得花錢/努力/一試beworthit值得一干;值得花精力(或時間),【辨析】worth,worthy,worthwhileworth作表語,“值得的”,構成beworth＋n./pron./doingworthy作表語,“值得的”;作定語時,“值得尊敬的,注意的”,構成beworthyof＋n./beingdone/tobedone。worthwhile作表語/定語,“值得的”,構成Itbeworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.,Withthereformofliteracymarketplace,anincreasingnumberofgoodTVseriesandfilmswhichare______havebeeningforward.A.worthwatchingB.worthtobewatchedC.worthyofwatchingD.worthwhilewatching,一句多譯。那個地方值得一去。1)Theplaceisworthavisit.2)Theplaceisworthyofavisit.3)Theplaceisworthvisiting.4)Itisworthvisitingtheplace.5)Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.6)Theplaceisworthytobevisited.7)Itisworthwhilevisitingtheplace8)Itisworthwhiletovisittheplace.,1.insearchof尋找Insearchoftheamberroom（課文原句）尋找琥珀屋,【拓展】inone’s/thesearchfor尋找searchsth./sb.搜查某物或搜身searchfor尋找(＝lookfor)search...for...為找到……而搜查……,短語,【辨析】insearchof/search/searchfor/search...for...insearchof介詞短語,“尋找”,可作狀語/定語/表語/賓補等,也可用ina/the/one’ssearchfor來替換。search及物動詞表“搜查”,賓語可人,“對某人進行搜身”,如果賓語是表地點的名詞,“搜查某個地方”。searchfor“搜尋”,花費很大的力氣去尋找某個特定的人或物,相當于lookfor。search...for...為尋找……而搜查……,【即時應用】用insearchof/search/searchfor/search...for...的適當形式填空。1)Manyneighboursjoinedthecouple,____________themissingboy.2)Thepolicestartedoff____________thepossibleclueswhichwouldhelpfindthesuspects.,searchingfor,insearchof,3)Theyhave___________everyroominthehotel,butfoundnothingvaluable.4)Thepolice__________thehouse_____thehiddendrugs.,searched,searched,for,2.belongto屬于;是……的一部分FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.（課文原句）腓特烈威廉一世，這個琥珀屋的主人卻決定不要它了。,【歸納拓展】belongto不用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。belong如果表示“應該在某處,適合在某處”時后跟in,on,among,under,with等介詞。belongingsn.財產(chǎn);所有物;相關事物,單項選擇。Therearemanycountriespresentatthemeeting,andonethirdofthem______thedevelopingcountryandthethirdworld.A.belongtoB.arebelongingtoC.belongstoD.arebelongedto解析：belongto不用被動語態(tài)，不用進行時態(tài)；主謂一致原則，分數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于它所修飾的名詞。,句型轉換。TheboyisamemberofafootballclubandplayseverySaturday.→Theboy__________afootballclubandplayseverySaturday.,belongsto,3.inreturn作為回報;作為交換Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.（課文原句）作為回贈，沙皇送給他一隊最好的士兵。,【拓展】inreturnfor作為……的回報;答謝A?Breturnticket/trip往返車票/旅行inturn依次;輪流;相應地;反過來A→B→Cbyturns輪流,—Areyoufreeafterschool?—Sorry,I’veplannedtotreatafriendofminetodinner______forhelp.A.inorderB.inreturnC.inturnD.inhonor,4.lessthan少于，不到Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwoodenboxes.（課文原句）在不到兩天的時間里，10萬個部件裝進了27個木箱。,【拓展】含than的其它常用短語：morethan不僅僅，多于，非常more...than...與其說……不如說……是……而不是……nomorethan只有nootherthan只有，正是otherthan不同于，除了,5.thinkhighlyof看重;器重;高度評價IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.（課文原句）我非常欣賞那些尋找琥珀屋下落的人。,【拓展】thinkwell/muchofsb./sth.對某人/某物評價很高thinkbadly/little/ill/lightlyofsb./sth對某人/某物評價很低(印象不好)thinklittleof不放在眼里;輕視thinknothingof輕視;認為……無所謂speakhighlyof高度贊揚……singhighpraisefor高度贊揚,為某人唱贊歌,【提示】當thinkhighly/well/muchof用于被動結構時,副詞置thought之前,即構成behighly/well/muchthoughtof結構。,Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.,疑問代詞who,what,which等和疑問副詞when,where,how等后面跟不定式,構成不定式短語,在句中作主語/賓語/表語/賓補。,句式,【歸納】①“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”經(jīng)常用在某些動詞(短語)后作賓語,這樣的動詞(短語)有:tell,show,know,learn,findout,forget,wonder等。②此用法中的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致,否則用相應的從句。,【觀察】注意觀察A、B兩組句子的不同點。A.1.Everyonewho/thatknewJacklikedhim.2.Thewoman(that/who/whom)youmetjustnowismymother.3.Pleaseshowmethebookwhich/thatiswrittenbyMoYan.4.Theeducation(which/that)mydadreceivedaddeduptonomorethantwoyears.,語法,限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句,5.Thisisthesingerwhosefatherisagreatscientist.6.Irememberthedaywhenmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.7.CouldyoutellmeifthereisasupermarketaroundwhereIcanbuysomefood?8.Thewomanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourpany.,B.1.LiuYing,whoisourmonitor,iskindandalwaysreadytohelpothers.2.Thestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeher,whomtheyrespectgreatly.3.Atabout3:00intheafternoon,wecametothevillage,whosescenerywasreallyfascinating.4.Thecollege,wheremybrotherstudied,isafamousone.,5.Thedictionary,whichmyfatherboughtinBeijing,isveryhelpfulforme.6.Hesaidhewasbusy,whichwasuntrue.7.Tomwasn’tlisteningtome,whichmademeangry.8.Thishouse,forwhichMr.Smithpaid$150,000,isnowworth$300,000.,【歸納】A組中的定語從句都是限制性定語從句，B組中的定語從句都是非限制性定語從句。主要有以下區(qū)別：1.形式不同限制性定語從句與主句之間不能用逗號隔開（A組句子）；非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常用逗號隔開（B組句子）。,2.作用不同限制性定語從句對先行詞進行修飾限制，如果去掉，主句的意思就會不完整、不明確或失去意義（A組句子）；非限制性定語從句對先行詞進行補充說明，與主句的關系不十分密切，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整（B組句子）。,3.關系詞不同限制性定語從句可以由that,which,who(m),whose,where,when,why及“介詞+which/whom”等來連接；非限制性定語從句通常由who(m),whose,which,when,where及“介詞+which/whom”等來連接。另外，在限制性定語從句中，關系代詞作賓語時可以省略，而在非限制性定語從句中關系詞一律不能省略。,4.關系代詞指代不同限制性定語從句的關系代詞一般指代一個名詞或代詞（A組句1至句5、句8）；非限制性定語從句的關系代詞則既可指代一個名詞或代詞（B組句1至句3、句5、句8），也可以指代主句的部分或______內(nèi)容（B組句6、句7）。,全部,【即學即練】用方框內(nèi)的關系詞填空。1.Doyoustillrememberthedays_______westayedtogetherinthejuniorschool?2.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.3.Theboywith______Johnspokeismybrother.4.Mr.Shang,______cametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmyfather’s.5.Mary,_______childrenareatschoolallday,istryingtogetajob.,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,when,which/that,whom,who,whose,6.Thecity_______Igrewupisaverybeautifulplace.7.TheydislikeTom,_______isnotsurprising.8.Iwenttotheoldhousein_______mygrandmotherusedtolive.9.Pleasegivemethereason_______youwerelateagain.10.Youshouldapologizetoyourfriend_______bikeyoulost.,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,where,which,which,why,whose,議論文是對某問題或事件進行分析、評論，表明觀點、立場、態(tài)度、看法和主張的文體。正反對比式，是從總論點的正反兩個方面入手，進行正反對比論證得出結論。簡單的正反對比是在提出觀點后，一段從正面論證觀點，一段從反面論證觀點，最后得出結論。還有一種對照式結構是在正面進行論述或者擺出論據(jù)后，用轉折或假設的方式從反面展開論述。,寫作,如何寫正反對比式作文,【寫作指導】分四個基本段落來寫：第一段引出話題；第二、三段提出正反兩方面的觀點，陳述理由；第四段總結利弊，表明作者態(tài)度。,【注意】1.話題的提出要開門見山；2.對比論據(jù)要正確，條理要清楚，論據(jù)要充分，論證要合理，準確、精煉；3.觀點必須鮮明，不能模棱兩可；4.主體時態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時；5.盡量避免同一單詞、句型的重復使用，多采用同義詞、相似結構以使表達多樣化。,【常用表達】1.開頭部分Wehadaheateddiscussionabout/on...Opinionsabout...aredivided.Peoplehavetakendifferentattitudestowards...Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto...Somepeopleclaimthat...,however,othersdisagreewithit.Somepeoplebelieve/arguethat...whilesomeholdtheoppositeidea/opinion.,2.正方觀點Somearefor/infavoroftheideathat...Peoplewhoarefortheideathinkthat...3.反方觀點However,...holdadifferentviewthat.../holdtheoppositeopinion.Peoplewhoareagainstitthink...,4.個人觀點Inmyopinion,...AsfarasIamconcerned,...Frommypersonalpointofview,...Personally,Ithink...Asforme,...,【寫作任務】假設你是李華。最近你班在英語課上針對“學校該不該禁止學生帶手機”這個話題進行了辯論。請根據(jù)提示寫一篇短文，介紹辯論情況，然后發(fā)表在你校英文論壇上。正方：①帶手機導致學生上課分散注意力；②占用時間上網(wǎng)、玩游戲、發(fā)短信。反方：①方便與家長和朋友保持聯(lián)系；②手機使學生有安全感。你的觀點……注意:1.詞數(shù)120左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.參考詞匯：分散distract。,【參考范文】Recentlywehadadebateonwhetherstudentsshouldbeforbiddentousesmartphonesinschool.Theresultsareasfollows.Somearguethatweshouldbeforbiddentousesmartphonesinschool.First,usingsmartphonesdistractsourattentionfromourlessons.Besides,somestudentsspendtoomuchtimeonline,playingelectronicgamesandsendingtextmessagesafterclass.,However,othersthinkwestudentsshouldbeallowedtousesmartphonesinschool.Smartphonesmakeitconvenientforustokeepintouchwithourparentsandfriends.Besides,smartphonescangiveusasenseofsecurity.Personally,Ithinkwestudentsshouldbeallowedtousesmartphonesinschoolsothatwecancontactourparentsincaseofemergency.,鞏固練習,I.用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Mygrandfathersonlychanceof________(survive)wasahearttransplant.2.The________(amaze)thingisthatitwaskeptsecretforsolong.3.Hedescribedherasoneofthegreatestfilm________(art)ofthe20thcentury.,survival,amazing,artists,4.Itsanoutdoorparty,sodress_________(informal).5.Whenwilltheyfinishthe_________(decorate)ofthebathroom?,informally,decoration,II.用方框內(nèi)合適的短語填空。takeapart,belongto,lessthan,inreturn,insearchof1.Whatcanwedoforthem________forallthehelptheyhavegivenus？2.Wehaveto_________thewholeenginetodiscoverthecauseofthetrouble.3.Thewholehousewentupinsmokein________anhour.,inreturn,takeapart,lessthan,takeapart,belongto,lessthan,inreturn,insearchof4.Mr.Smithhadalsogone__________thecouplebutreturnedfromLondonwithoutsuccess.5.Thepolicehavefoundoutthatthehandwriting_________amale.,insearchof,belongsto,III.用適當?shù)年P系詞填空。Thetown1.________Iwasbornhaschangedgreatlyoverthelasttwentyyears.Now,thereisamodernshoppingcentreintheplace2.________myschoolusedtobeandallthechildren3.________wenttherehavegrownupandmovedaway.Thelocalcinema,4.________wasbuiltseveralyearsago,usedtobeadancehall5.________bigbandsplayed.,where,where,who/that,which,where,Thepark,6.________wasmyfavoriteplaceasachild,isnowacarpark.Somethingsarestillthesamethough.Mrs.Jones,7.________isnowsixtyyearsold,stillworksinthePostOfficeandMr.Jonesstillownsthebakersshop,8.________histwosonsnowwork.,which,who,where,Thehospital9.________Iwasborninisstillstanding,althoughitisnowmuchbiggerthanitwasatthetime10.________Iwasborn.Theday11.________myfamilyandIleftourhometownwasoneofthesaddestdaysofmylife.,which,when,when,Ⅳ.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Somepeopleliketheirguitarstolookfancyandnew;otherslike1.________tolookasifthey’vebeenknockedaboutabit.Thefoundingfatheroftheworld-famousFenderguitarpany,designed2.________firstmass-producedsolidwooden-bodiedelectricguitar,theTelecasterin1950,,them,the,3.________hefollowedupwiththeStratocasterin1954.Thesetwomodelsareprobablythemostrecognizableelectricguitarsonthemarketandhave4.________(regular)beenseeninthehandsofrockandpopstarsallovertheworldeversince.TelecastersandStratocasters5.________(make)inthe1950sand1960sarehighlythoughtofbutbeyondtheprice-rangeofmostguitarists.,which,regularly,made,Someare6.________nearperfectconditionwhileothers,worndownbyworkingmusiciansoverthedecades,7.__________(cover)inscratches,cigaretteburnsanddrinkstains.Inrecenttimes,therehasbeenincreasingdemandfortheserareand8.________(value)“relic”guitars,sothepanyhasstartedtoproducefake“relics”:,in,arecovered,valuable,copiesoftheir50sand60sguitarsthatlooklikethey9._______________(play)forover50years.Chipped,scratchedandrustedbyguitarmakersinFendersguitarfactory,theyaresomeofthemostexpensivenewguitarsyoucanbuy,butstillmuch10.________(cheap)thananoriginal.Someask,“Whatsthepoint?”O(jiān)therssay,“That’sRock‘n’Roll!”,havebeenplayed,cheaper,