油泵體頂面攻絲組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)說明書,油泵,體頂面攻絲,組合,機(jī)床,設(shè)計(jì),說明書,仿單 鉆床的補(bǔ)給單位 鉆床的補(bǔ)給單位補(bǔ)給鉆頭機(jī)械裝置,鉆桿, 而且在鉆孔期間向面咬, 以及升起并且降低鉆頭桿。 機(jī)械的補(bǔ)給單位與來自一個空氣的電動機(jī)的駕駛很小而且能發(fā)展大的補(bǔ)給推力。然而, 他們也有一些缺點(diǎn)：補(bǔ)給速度低, 增加了對附加的操作的必需時間；裝置在使用中復(fù)雜，不夠可靠；而且電動機(jī)噪聲大?？諝獾幕钊a(bǔ)給單位設(shè)計(jì)簡單，使用中靠, 而且補(bǔ)給柔性, 減少了刀尖的磨耗而且增加了鉆孔的生產(chǎn)力。但是，他們也很大，因?yàn)橐揽炕钊拿娣e推動活塞把空氣壓縮到5-6 一個比較低的壓力。然而，充足的定格補(bǔ)給推力卻很少地被使用。 為了提高鉆床的操作性質(zhì)，我們發(fā)明了一個新類型的空氣活塞補(bǔ)給單位。它的主要特征是在補(bǔ)給氣缸的氣壓比在空氣輸電干線中的大得多。這藉由壓力轉(zhuǎn)爐被達(dá)成系列中有一些活塞和氣缸。 圖 1 表示一個補(bǔ)給的概要線圖單位。工作零配件用活塞 9 和桿 3 包含補(bǔ)給氣缸 1。壓力轉(zhuǎn)爐包含氣缸 4、移動活塞 5 和一些帶有挺桿 7的單一氣缸 6 。每個挺桿的桿最后經(jīng)過一個填函蓋鑄壁負(fù)擔(dān)自由地與前述挺桿的冒口?？諝獗换钊y 8 分配。系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械要素被導(dǎo)氣管連接, 他含有背后閥 9 、和另外的一個停氣閥 10。 補(bǔ)給單位由水栓 11 控制。 系統(tǒng)工作次序如下。來自輸電干線的壓縮空氣經(jīng)過進(jìn)?？谒?11 和閥 9, 抵達(dá)氣缸 1 的左手方模穴。同時地空氣獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入氣缸 4, 以及經(jīng)過閥 10 和在活塞閥 8 中的環(huán)隙進(jìn)入氣缸 4 和 6 的右手模穴之內(nèi)。 左手方模穴與活塞 2 有關(guān),他創(chuàng)造了一個推力。而氣缸 6 的左手方模穴總是在與大氣溝通 。活塞 5 和挺桿 7移動到左邊, 使氣壓變大。在氣缸 4 的左手方模穴的空氣被壓縮比在輸電干線中的壓力大(這一個模穴中最大的壓力仰賴氣缸 6 的數(shù)目)。 高壓的空氣經(jīng)過環(huán)隙 b 和延伸補(bǔ)給氣缸 1,增加補(bǔ)給推力。 在它的最左的位置, 活塞 5有一個口用導(dǎo)管c控制由氣缸 4 的右手模穴進(jìn)入的空氣?？諝膺M(jìn)入活塞閥 8 的右手面貌, 在沒有負(fù)載的左手方端防止空氣由一個小孔 k 逃脫.(控制導(dǎo)管 d 現(xiàn)在被活塞 5 復(fù)蓋)?；钊y移動到左邊。 當(dāng)活塞閥在它的左方位中的時候，補(bǔ)給氣缸 1 從壓力轉(zhuǎn)爐被分離。氣缸 4 和 6 的右手模穴經(jīng)由環(huán)隙 e 排氣。來自輸電干線的空氣經(jīng)過環(huán)隙一抵達(dá)氣缸 4 的左手方模穴, 讓活塞 5 和挺桿 7 移動到右邊。當(dāng)活塞 5 移動到最右邊時，由導(dǎo)管 d 空氣由導(dǎo)管 d 進(jìn)入活塞閥 8 的左端. 這時導(dǎo)管c 被復(fù)蓋，活塞閥的右端壓力被釋放。活塞閥移到右邊, 繼續(xù)循環(huán)直到補(bǔ)給氣缸1的氣壓達(dá)到最大。轉(zhuǎn)爐自動停止,當(dāng)送料器的氣壓沒有到達(dá)活塞 2時，轉(zhuǎn)爐重新開始并增加補(bǔ)給氣缸的工作模穴的容積。這樣系統(tǒng)就在高的補(bǔ)給壓力下操作。 如果提供給桿 3 的阻力很小, 在低的壓力氣缸中的活塞就會移動。然后空氣的壓力經(jīng)由導(dǎo)管 f 到達(dá)活塞閥 10，防止空氣從轉(zhuǎn)爐中走開。另一方面，如果阻力過大，直接導(dǎo)致氣壓經(jīng)過閥 9 不能夠進(jìn)行送料器的操作，那么在工作模穴的壓力就會增加到輸電干線壓力，而且將會讓閥 10 充份移動到右邊，從而使空氣進(jìn)入轉(zhuǎn)爐。 直接補(bǔ)給和能切斷壓力轉(zhuǎn)爐的活塞閥的出現(xiàn),，使得鉆床在沒有轉(zhuǎn)爐的的情況下更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)增加的壓力只在一個深洞結(jié)束的時候被用。通過增加連續(xù)的可互相交換的挺桿氣缸，可以建立補(bǔ)給單位達(dá)到必需的任何的最大補(bǔ)給推力。 大體而言 , 擁有壓力轉(zhuǎn)爐的補(bǔ)給單位可能是水力的改為空氣的。壓力階段的轉(zhuǎn)爐因?yàn)榈偷目諝庀牧靠赡茉谄渌目諝庋b置中得到使用； 舉例來說, 工作機(jī)的輪磨配件。  A FEED UNIT FOR DRILLING MACHINES The feed units of drilling machines feed the drill mechanism, drill rod, and bit towards the face during drilling, and also raise and lower the drill rod. Mechanical feed units with drive from a pneumatic motor [1] are small and can develop large feed thrusts. However, they have certain drawbacks: the feed velocity is low, which increases the time required for auxiliary operations; the apparatus is complicated and insufficiently reliable in use; and the pheumatic motor is noisy. Pneumatic piston feed units [2] are simple in design and reliable in use, and give elasticity of the feed, reducing wear on the bit and permitting an increase in the productivity of drilling. However, they are large, because the thrust developed depends on the area of the piston which is acted on by compressed air at a comparatively low pressure of 5-6 kg/cm . Nevertheless, the full rated feed thrust is quite rarely used (for example, in the last few meters of a deep borehole). With the aim of improving the operational qualities of drilling machines, we have developed a new type of pneumatic piston feed unit. Its essential feature is that the air pressure in the feed cylinder can be several times greater than that in the air mains. This is achieved by means of a pressure converter consisting of several pistons and cylinders in series. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the feed unit. The working parts comprise feed cylinder 1 with piston 9 and rod 3. The pressure converter consists of cylinder 4 with freely moving piston 5 and several single cylinders 6 with tappets 7. The rod of each tappet passes through a gland in the end wall and freely bears on the head of the preceding tappet. Air is distributed by piston valve 8. The elements of the system are connected by air ducts, one of which contains back valve 9, and another cut-off valve 10. The feed unit is controlled by means of tap 11. The system works as follows. Compressed air from the mains passes through inlet tap 11 and valve 9, and arrives in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 1, where it bears on piston 2, creating a thrust. Simultaneously air passes into cylinder 4, and also through valve 10 and annular space a in piston valve 8 into the right-hand cavities of cylinders 4 and 6. The left-hand cavities of cylinders 6 are always in communication with the atmosphere. Piston 5 and tappet 7 move to the left, and the forces created by the air pressures on each of them are added together. The air in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 4 is compressed to a pressure greater than that in the mains (the maximum pressure in this cavity depends on the number of cylinders 6). The high-pressure air passes through annular space b and reaches feed cylinder 1, increasing the feed thrust. Approaching its extreme leftward position, piston 5 opens a port to control duct c into which air at mains pressure comes from the right-hand cavity of cylinder 4. The air bears on the right-hand face of piston valve 8, the left-hand end of which is at this time freed from load owing to escape of air via a small hole k (the control duct d is now covered by piston 5). The piston valve moves to the left. When the piston valve is in its leftward position, feed cylinder 1 is disconnected from the pressure converter. The right-hand cavities of cylinders 4 and 6 are connected to the exhaust via annular space e. Air from the mains passes through annular space a and arrives in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 4, causing piston 5 and tappet 7 to move to the right. When piston 5 reaches its extreme right-hand position, it opens duct d and mains-pressure air enters the left-hand end of piston valve 8. At this time duet c is covered and the right-hand end of the piston valve is released from pressure. The piston valve moves to the right, and then the cycle is repeated until the pressure in feed cylinder 1 reaches its maximum value. The operation of the converter is then automatically stopped, and is recommenced as the air pressure in the feeder fails owing to forward movement of piston 2 and increase in the volume of the working cavity of the feed cylinder. Thus the system operates at high feed pressures. If the resistance offered to rod 3 is small, the piston moves in the cylinder at low pressures. Then the pressure of the air passing via duet f to piston valve 10 cannot overcome the force of the spring and air from the mains is cut off from the converter. On the other hand, if the resistance offered to the rod increases so much that direct feed via valve 9 cannot effect operation of the feeder, then the pressure in the working cavity increases to mains pressure and will be sufficient to move valve 10 to the right, so that it admits air to the converter. The presence of direct feed (via the back valve) and of the piston valve, which cuts off the pressure converter, permits drilling to be effected in most eases without the converter; increased pressure is used only at the end of a deep borehole. By adding successive interchangeable cylinders with tappets, it is possible to build up the feed unit to any maximum feed thrust required by the drilling conditions. In principle, the feed unit with pressure converter can be hydraulic instead of pneumatic. The pressure step up converter might find uses in other pneumatic devices with low air consumption; for example, attachments to machine tools.