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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 1 How can we become good learners? 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 認知目標(biāo)： 1. Talk about how to study. 學(xué)會討論各種學(xué)習(xí)方法和策略。 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。 情感目標(biāo)： 通過對學(xué)習(xí)方法的學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用正確而科學(xué)的方法做事的能力，明白“一份耕耘，一份收獲”。 技能目標(biāo)： （1）熟練掌握下列詞匯： aloud pronunciation discover repeat note pronounce increase speed partner create active connect review knowledge wisely born attention （2）熟練掌握下列短語： work with friends ask the teacher for help read aloud look up practice pronunciation connect…with… pay attention to （3）掌握下列句型： How do you study English? I learn by working with a group. Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups. How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 重點、難點（Key points and difficulties） 1. 學(xué)會運用how來詢問做事方式 2. 學(xué)會運用by + doing的結(jié)構(gòu)表達做事方式。by 介詞，表示“通過……方法 或途徑”，譯成“靠、通過”。by后面可以加名詞或動名詞短語。 3. 動名詞的構(gòu)成： 動詞后加動名詞doing，相當(dāng)于名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語 定語等。 課時劃分 Period 1 Section A 1 (1a-2d) Period 2 Section A 2 (3a-3b) Period 3 Section A 3 (Grammar Focus—4c) Period 4 Section B 1 (1a-2e) Period 5 Section B 2 (3a-selfcheck) Section A 1 (1a-2d) Step 1 Warming up T: How do you study English? Do you study English by the following ways? (Show some pictures and present the important phrases.) T: How do you study English? S: I study English by ______. by working with friends. by making word cards. Step 2 1a Check the ways you study English. Then add other ways you sometimes study. ___ a. by working with friends. Step 3 Listening 1) Listen. How do these students study for a test? Write letters from 1a above. 2) Check the answers: b (Meiping); e (Peter); d (Tony) Step 4 Guess Show some pictures. Guess: How does he/she study English? He/She studies English by… How do they study English? They study English by… Step 5 Pairwork 1c Make conversations about how you study for a test. A: How do you study for a test? B: I study by working with a group. A: How do you study for a test? B: I study by… Step 6 Listening 2a Listen and check the questions you hear. 1 ____ Does anyone learn English by watching videos? 2 ____ Do you have conversations with friends in English? 3 ____ What about listening to tapes? 4 ____ What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 5 ____ Have you ever studied with a group? Answers: 1, 2, 4, 5 2b Listen again. Match each answer below with a question above. a. Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way. b. Oh, yes. It really improves my speaking skills. c. I do that sometimes. I think it helps. d. No. It’s too hard to understand spoken English. Answers: d, b, c, a Step 7 Pairwork 1. 2c Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2b A: Have you ever studied with a group? B: Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way. Show some pictures. 1) A: Do you learn English by watching movies? B: Yes, it’s a very interesting way. C: No, it’s too hard to understand spoken English. 2) A: What about writing letters to a pen pal in America? B: Yes, it helps to improve my writing skills and know a lot about America. 3) A: Do you have conversations with friends in English? B: Of course, we can talk about plenty of things like school, pets, movies, and our parents. 2. 2c Role-play the conversation. Step 8 Summary How do you study English? 1. by working with friends 2. by watching English movies. 3. by making word cards. 4. by reading the textbook. 5. by listening to tapes. 6. by asking the teacher for help. 7. by reading aloud. … 【結(jié)論】 1) by可表示位置，(1) “__________”，如句1。也有“從……旁邊（經(jīng)過）”之意。 2) by可表示交通、傳遞等的方式，如句2。 3) by可表示時間，“到（某時）之前；不遲于”，如句3。 4) by可用于構(gòu)成(2) ________，“被，由”，如句4。 5) by可表示方式或手段，(3) “____________”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作方式狀語，“通過……方式（方法）”或“借助……手段”，如句5。 Answers: (1) 在……旁邊 (2) 被動語態(tài) (3) by + V-ing形式 【運用】根據(jù)提示，用含有by的短語完成各句。 1)?Annie?went?to?Beijing?_______ (乘火車)?yesterday. 2)?His?grandfather?made?a?living?_________ (靠賣水果)?in?the?past. 3)?The?scientists?have?to?arrive?at?the?village?_________ (八月以前). 4)?Allen?goes?_______________ (經(jīng)過郵局) on his way to school every morning. 5)?The?book?was?written?____________ (由幾個工程師). Answers: 1) by train 2) by selling fruits 3) by August 4) by the post office 5) by several engineers 2. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 大聲朗讀來練習(xí)發(fā)音怎么樣？ 辨析aloud, loud和loudly aloud出聲地；大聲地。常與read/ call等詞連用, 不用于比較級。 e.g. Don’t read aloud in the library. 不要在圖書館大聲朗讀。 loud 大聲地；喧鬧地。指說話聲和笑聲，常與talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等詞連用, 常用比較級。 e.g. We can’t hear you. Please speak louder. 我們聽不到你的聲音。請再大聲點。 loudly 高聲地；喧鬧地?？梢院蚻oud互換，含有“吵鬧”的意思，不悅耳。 What about/ How about…? 后跟名詞，代詞或v.-ing。用于征求意見。 e.g. What about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么樣？ How about you? 你呢？ What /How about going to the zoo this afternoon? 今天下午去動物園怎么樣？ 3. It’s too hard to understand spoken English. 句中的it是形式主語, 不定式短語to understand spoken English是真正的主語。該句句型為: It’s+too+adj.+ (for sb.)+to do sth. 意思是“(對某人來說)做某事是……的”。如： It’s too important to keep healthy. It’s difficult for him to learn two languages. 【鏈接】 too ... to ... 結(jié)構(gòu)常表示“太……而不能……”, too后面接形容詞或副詞, to后面接動詞原形。如： The room is too dirty to live in. He walks too slowly to get there on time. 【運用】 將下面的句子翻譯成英語。 1) 孩子們在那條河里游泳是危險的。 It’s dangerous for the children to swim in that river. 2) 晚飯后散步太有必要了。 It’s too necessary to take a walk after supper. 3) 水太燙, 不能喝。 The water is too hot to drink. Step 10 Exercises Ⅰ. Choose the best answer. 1. He goes to school ____ bike. A. by B. on C. in D. at 2. — How do you study English so well? — By ____ lots of books. A. read B. look C. watching D. reading Answers: A, D Ⅱ. Complete the following sentences. 1. 大聲朗讀來練習(xí)發(fā)音怎么樣？ What about ____________ to practice pronunciation? 2. 她通過讀課本來學(xué)習(xí)英語。 She studies English __________ the textbook. 3. She improves her English _______________ (通過加入英語俱樂部). Answers: 1. reading aloud 2. by reading 3. by joining an English club Ⅲ. Translation. 1. 老師要求我大聲朗讀課文。 2. 不要這么大聲。嬰兒在睡覺。 3. 我爸爸經(jīng)常開車去上班。 Answers: 1. The teacher asked me to read aloud the text. 2. Don’t talk so loudly. The baby is sleeping. 3. My father often goes to work by car. Step 11 Homework How do you study English? What about physics and Chinese? Make a list. Section A 2 (3a-3b) Step 1 Revision Give the students some pictures, then let them talk about: How do you study English? I study by ______________. Step 2 Reading 1. Warming up Look at the picture on page 3, then let the students talk about: The girl is Wei Fen. What is she doing? Can you guess how she studies English ? 2. Reading Finish 3a: Read the passage about Wei Fen and answer the questions. 1) Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English? 2) What did she do in English class? 3) What is the secret to language learning? secret n. 秘密; 秘訣 adj. 秘密的; 保密的 Answers: 1) The teacher spoke too quickly and Weifen did not understand her most of the time, but she was afraid to ask questions of her poor pronunciation. 2) She hid behind her textbook and never said anything. 3) For Wei Fen, the secret to language learning is listening to something interesting. Finish 3b: Complete the sentences with what Wei Fen learned from watching movies. Use words and phrases from the passage. 1) I can understand the meaning by watching their ______________ and the __________ on their faces. 2) I can get the meaning by listening for just the _________. 3) My pronunciation improved by listening to the _____________ in English movies. 4) I learned ______ sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” by watching the movies. 5) I can find the meaning of the new words by looking them up in a _______. Answers: body language expressions key words conversations useful dictionary expression n. 表情; 表示; 表達方式 Step 3 Language points 1. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English? find it difficult/hard to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難 【find用法歸納】 find sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 find it + adj. + to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很…… find it + adj. to do sth.中的it是形式賓語, adj.做賓補, to do sth.是真正的賓語。同類的動詞還有think, feel, consider等。 【活學(xué)活用】 1) I found it __________ (interest) to talk with my grandfather 2) I found it hard for me ___________ (improve) spoken English. Answers: interesting, to improve 2. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事 【afraid用法歸納】 be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事(擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)某種不良后果) be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事(“怕” 或“不敢”去做某事) be afraid +that 恐怕……(禮貌地說出令人不快、失望或感到遺憾的事) 【活學(xué)活用】 Tina is so shy that she is afraid of ____ in front of a group. A. to speak B. speak C. speaking D. spoke Answer: C 3. Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. called=named 叫做 【call用法歸納】 call sb.=telephone sb. =phone sb. =give sb. a call =ring sb. up 給某人打電話 call on sb. 拜訪某人 4. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. discover v. 發(fā)現(xiàn); 發(fā)覺 指偶然或經(jīng)過努力發(fā)現(xiàn)原來客觀存在但不為人所知的事物。 e.g. Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。 5. I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.” a piece of cake和serves sb. right是英語中的兩個習(xí)慣用語, 也可稱作習(xí)語idiom(s)。同漢語中的成語類似, 習(xí)語是人們在長期的語言運用中約定俗成的一種固定表達方式, 其意思往往不是字面所表達的含義。 如: a piece of cake表示事情非常簡單、易于解決, 相當(dāng)于漢語的“小菜一碟; 小事一樁”; serves sb. right則相當(dāng)于漢語說某人“活該”。 6. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary. look up (在詞典、參考書中或通過電腦)查閱; 抬頭看 【look用法歸納】 look after 照顧 look like 看起來像 look out 當(dāng)心, 小心 look through 瀏覽 look for 尋找 look forward to 期待 look around 向四周看 have/take a look 看一看 look over 檢查 Step 4 Summary 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很難 find it difficult to do sth. 語言學(xué)習(xí)的秘密 the secret to language learning 害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth. 愛上 fall in love with 肢體語言 body language 臉上的表情 the expressions on the faces 關(guān)健詞 key words 對……感興趣 be interested in 語言學(xué)習(xí)的秘密 look up the word in the dictionary Step 5 Homework 1. Recite the important sentences in the passage on page 3. 2. Remember the words and phrases in this lesson. Section A3 (Grammar Focus—4c) Step 1 Free talk Talk about the ways you learn other subjects. You can use the following phrases and sentences. How do you learn Chinese/ math /physics/chemistry? Do you learn history and geography by___________? Step 2 4a Answer the questions. Then match the questions and answers. 1. How do you practice speaking? 2. How do you learn new words? 3. How do you improve your writing? 4. How do you practice listening? 5. How do you improve your pronunciation? 6. How do you learn grammar? a. By watching English programs. b. By listening to a tape and repeating out loud. c. By having conversations with friends. d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot. e. By making word cards. f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals. Step 3 4b Complete these statements. Use information that is true for you. match physics chemistry Chinese history geography e.g. I usually practice my English by taking notes / reading books and newspapers / speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns. a. I usually practice my math by______. b. I usually practice my physics by_______. c. I usually practice my chemistry by____. d. I usually practice my Chinese by _____. e. I usually practice my history and geography by ________. Step 4 4c Check what you do to learn English . Then interview your partner. A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises? B: Yes, I do. A: How often do you do them? B:… I learn English by… My partner learns English by… yes no how often yes no how often doing grammar exercises. taking notes in English. reading English magazines. keeping a diary in English. using an English dictionary. … Step 5 Grammar How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group. Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, 1 do. It helps my pronunciation. How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups. How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes. 動名詞 定義: 它是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞形式。 基本形式: V-ing 作用: 動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、定語等。 動名詞的基本用法 1. 用作主語 所表動作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動作。 e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. 注意：動名詞做主語，有時先用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。 1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing… 2) It is a waste of time + doing … 3) It is fun + doing … 在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。 e.g. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收） There is no joking about the matter. It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。 2. 用作賓語 1) 作動詞的賓語 常見的此類動詞有：practise, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 e.g. How do you practice speaking? I have to finish reading a book and give a report. 2) 作介詞的賓語 1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises. 2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3. He was late again because of getting up late. 4. Lock the doors and windows before going out. 5. What/How about the two of us playing games？ 活學(xué)活用 1. She can’t help ________ (cry) after _________ (hear) the bad news. 2. Do you feel like _______ (have) a break? 3) 既可接動名詞又可接不定式的常用動詞有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表達的意義不同。 e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我記得在賓館見過她。(動作發(fā)生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我記著要去賓館見她。(動作尚未發(fā)生) remember/forget/ regret to do 動作尚未發(fā)生 doing動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生 try to do 設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力 doing 試試去做（看有何結(jié)果） mean to do 打算做（主語一般是人） doing意味著（主語一般是物） regret to do 對將要做的事抱歉 doing 對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔 stop to do停下去做另外一件事 doing停止做手頭的事情 3. 作表語 動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。 e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式：（以write為例） 時態(tài) 語態(tài) 一般時 完成時 主動語態(tài) writing having written 被動語態(tài) being written having been written 注意：動名詞的否定形式是：not writing 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： 動名詞的邏輯主語＋動名詞＝動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) Would you mind _____（我開窗戶嗎）？ Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 稱為動名詞的邏輯主語。 I can’t understand Jack /Jack’s leaving his wife. I can’t understand his/him leaving his wife. Jack’s/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable. Step 6 Exercises 1. My watch needs ________, but I have no time to go to town to have it _______. A. to repair; repaired B. to be repaired; repairing C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired 2. You should apologize to your sister for _____ her the truth. A. telling B. not telling C. telling not D. not tell 3. ---The light in the office is still on. ---Oh, I forgot ___________ it off. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D. having turned 4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldn’t help ________. A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cries 5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _______ English every day. A. to practise speaking B. practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak 6. It is no use _______ without doing. A. to promise B. promising C. promise D. to be promised Step 7 Homework Write a short composition about how to learn English. Section B 1 (1a-2e) Step 1 Discussion Do you have difficulty in learning English? What things are difficult for you? 1a Learning English can be difficult. What things are difficult for you? Read the list. Check (?) the statements that are true for you. ____ I can't pronounce some of the words. ____ I can't always understand spoken English. ____I don't know how to increase my reading speed. ____I can't spell some English words. ____I often make mistakes in grammar. 注解: 1. I?can’t?always understand?spoken?English.? 【解析】speak →spoke?→spoken?v.說? 【注意】部分動詞的過去分詞也可做該詞的形容詞：spoken?口語的 broken?壞掉的written?寫作的 2. I?don’t?know?how?to?increase?my?reading?speed.? 【解析】“疑問詞+動詞不定式”作賓語 【注意】what?to?do后不需要跟賓語 how?to?do后必須跟賓語 【拓展】“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)： know，tell,?wonder, ask, find? out,?learn+ what,?which, when,?where, how?+ 動詞不定式（to?do） 1b What other things are difficult for you? Make a list. 1. I don’t know enough words to write well. 2.____________________________________ 3.____________________________________ Step 2 Listening and speaking 1c Paul finds it difficult to learn English. Listen and complete the learning challenges he talks about. Challenges 1. He can’t get the _____________ right. 2 He ________ a lot of new words. 3. He can’t always __________ when people talk to him. 4. He doesn’t get much ________ practice. Answers: pronunciation, forgets, understand, writing 1d Listen again. Complete the solutions. Solutions 1. __________ can help. 2. He can always ____________________ in his notebook and study them at home. 3. He can __________________________ to practice speaking. 4. He should find a ________ to practice writing. Answers: Listening, write the new words, join an English language club, pen pal 1e Role-play conversations using the information in 1c and 1d. A: I don’t have a partner to practice English with. B: Maybe you should join an English club. 注解: Maybe?you?should?join an?English?club.? 【解析】 join/join?in/take?part?in? (1)?join=be?a?member?of?參加, 指加入某種組織，并成為其中的一員。 join?the?army?/?party?入伍/黨 join?the?club?加入俱樂部 ◆?join?in?后接活動名稱 ◆ join?sb.?加入到某個人群之中 (2)?take?part?in參加，指加入群體活動中并在活動中發(fā)揮重要作用。 Step 3 Discussion 2a What good learning habits can you think of? Make a list and discuss them with your partner. Step 4 Reading 2b Read the passage quickly. Which four habits of successful learners are mentioned? 2c Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. Does the writer think that everyone is born with the ability to learn well? Do you agree? Why or why not? 2. Why is it a good idea to connect something you need to learn with something you are interested in? 3. What do the sayings "use it or lose it" and "practice makes perfect" mean? Do you agree with them? 4. Do good learners learn from mistakes or are they afraid of making mistakes? 5. What study skills does the writer talk about? Do you have those study skills? 6. Do you agree that learning is a lifelong journey? Why or why not? Step 5 Language points 1. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 該句句型是It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 【注】若形容詞表示事物特征的，如：easy,