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摘 要 本文設(shè)計研究了三軸式五擋手動變速器。首先，對于變速器的工作原理做了闡述， 從傳動機構(gòu)到倒檔布置方案都一一做了詳細的說明，完成了換擋機構(gòu)形式和軸承的選 擇等，特別值得一提的是在倒檔的選擇和布置上。因為變速箱在低檔工作時作用有較 大的力，所以一般變速箱的低檔都布置靠近軸的后支承處。 緊接著對變速器的各擋齒輪和軸做了詳細的設(shè)計計算，包括了檔數(shù)、傳動比、中 心距以及各檔齒輪的齒數(shù)，并且進行了強度校核，緊接著對一些標準件進行了選型， 其中包括同步器、操縱機構(gòu)、固定件以及密封件等等。 最后進行的是齒輪、軸以及軸承的校核，其中齒輪校核包括彎曲強度和接觸應(yīng)力， 軸校核包括強度和剛度的計算，軸承校核的則是其壽命計算，并講 述 了 變 速 器 中 各 部 件 材 料 的 選 擇 。 關(guān)鍵字：變速器；設(shè)計；齒輪；軸；校核 I ABSTRACT This design of a three-axis five-speed manual transmission. First, the working principle of transmission are described in detail, from the transmission to reverse layout programs are all doing a detailed description, complete the form and bearing of shift the choice of institutions and so on, is particularly worth mentioning is the reverse of the on the selection and arrangement. Because the role of transmission in low-grade work, a greater force, it is generally low-grade gearbox are arranged near the support at the rear axle. Then each block of the transmission gears and shafts made a detailed design calculations, including the gears, transmission ratio, center distance and the number of teeth of the gear profile and strength check carried out, followed by a number of standard parts were selected type, including synchronization, control mechanism, fixed fittings and seals and so on. Finally, the gear, shaft and bearing checking, checking gear which includes bending strength and contact stress, axial strength and rigidity checking, including the calculation of the bearing checking is its life span, and about each transmission component materials of choice. . Keywords : Transmission; Design; Gear; Axis;Checking 0 目 錄 摘 要 ...............................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 緒 論 ...............................................................................................................1 1.1 選題的背景 ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 設(shè)計目的及意義 ...........................................................................................................2 1.3 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ...........................................................................................................2 1.3.1 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 .........................................................................................................2 1.3.2 國外研究現(xiàn)狀 .........................................................................................................3 1.4 設(shè)計主要內(nèi)容 ...............................................................................................................3 第 2 章 變速器總體方案設(shè)計 .....................................................................................5 2.1 設(shè)計初始數(shù)據(jù) ...............................................................................................................5 2.2 變速器設(shè)計應(yīng)滿足的基本要求 ...................................................................................5 2.3 傳動機構(gòu)布置方案分析 ...............................................................................................6 2.3.1 兩軸式變速器和中間軸式變速器的特點分析 ......................................................6 2.3.2 倒擋布置方案 .........................................................................................................6 2.3.3 其他問題 .................................................................................................................7 2.4 各檔齒輪位置安排 ........................................................................................................7 2.5 變速器齒輪形式與自動脫檔分析 ................................................................................8 2.5.1 齒輪形式 ..................................................................................................................8 2.5.2 變速器自動脫檔分析 ..............................................................................................9 2.6 換擋機構(gòu)形式 ................................................................................................................9 2.7 本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................10 第 3 章 變速器主要參數(shù)設(shè)計 .....................................................................................12 3.1 擋數(shù)的選擇和確定 .....................................................................................................12 3.2 各檔傳動比的確定 .....................................................................................................12 1 3.2.1 主減速器傳動比 ....................................................................................................12 3.2.2 最低檔傳動比計算 ................................................................................................13 3.2.3 各檔傳動比 ...........................................................................................................14 3.2.4 初選中心距 ............................................................................................................14 3.2.5 變速器的外形尺寸 ................................................................................................15 3.3 齒輪參數(shù)計算 .............................................................................................................15 3.3.1 模數(shù)的選取 ...........................................................................................................15 3.3.2 齒形、壓力角及螺旋角的確定 ...........................................................................15 3.4 各擋齒輪齒數(shù)的分配 .................................................................................................17 3.4.1 確定一擋齒輪的齒數(shù) ...........................................................................................17 3.4.2 對中心距進行修正 ...............................................................................................18 3.4.3 確定常嚙合傳動齒輪副齒數(shù)及變位系數(shù) .........................................................18 3.4.4 確定其他各擋的齒數(shù)及變位系數(shù) .......................................................................18 3.4.5 確定倒擋齒輪齒數(shù)及變位系數(shù) ...........................................................................20 3.5 本章小結(jié) .....................................................................................................................21 第 4 章 變速器的校核 ...................................................................................................22 4.1 齒輪的損壞形式 .........................................................................................................22 4.2 齒輪強度計算 .............................................................................................................22 4.2.1 輪齒的彎曲應(yīng)力 ....................................................................................................23 4.2.2 輪齒的接觸應(yīng)力 ....................................................................................................24 4.2.3 各檔齒輪的強度校核 ............................................................................................25 4.3 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計 .....................................................................................................32 4.4 軸的強度驗算 .............................................................................................................33 4.4.1 軸的剛度的計算 ...................................................................................................33 4.4.2 軸的強度的計算 ...................................................................................................37 4.5 軸承壽命計算 ..............................................................................................................40 4.6 本章小結(jié) .....................................................................................................................43 第 5 章 同步器的選擇 ...................................................................................................44 5.1 鎖銷式同步器 ..............................................................................................................44 5.2 鎖環(huán)式同步器 ..............................................................................................................45 5.3 本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................46 2 第 6 章 變速器操縱機構(gòu)的選擇 .....................................................................47 6.1 直接操縱手動換擋變速器 .........................................................................................47 6.1.1 變速操縱桿的布置 ...............................................................................................47 6.1.2 換檔鎖裝置 ............................................................................................................47 6.2 本章小結(jié) .....................................................................................................................49 結(jié) 論 ...........................................................................................................50 參考文獻 ...........................................................................................................51 致 謝 ...........................................................................................................52 附 錄 ...........................................................................................................53