藥品包裝機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)-藥品裝盒機(jī)上料裝盒裝置含9張CAD圖,藥品,裝機(jī),結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),裝盒機(jī)上料裝,盒裝,cad 設(shè)計(jì)中期檢查表 填表日期 20XX年 5月9日 迄今已進(jìn)行 11 周剩余 6 周 學(xué)生姓名 院系 專業(yè)、班級(jí) 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 職稱 從事 專業(yè) 是否外聘 □是■否 題目名稱 藥品包裝機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 生 填 寫(xiě) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工作進(jìn)度 已完成主要內(nèi)容 待完成主要內(nèi)容 1． 針對(duì)題目進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究（網(wǎng)上查閱、市場(chǎng)調(diào)查、工廠參觀），收集資料，完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告。 2． 對(duì)題目綜合分析，方案初設(shè)計(jì)，確定總體方案。 3． 紙盒上料機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力選擇和運(yùn)算，執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的定型。 4． 藥板上料機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力選擇和計(jì)算，執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的定型。 1． 軸和齒輪的校核。 2． 對(duì)零部件進(jìn)行選擇和預(yù)裝配；并繪制部件圖和零件圖。 3． 完成說(shuō)明書(shū)的相應(yīng)部分。 存在問(wèn)題及努力方向 　在設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中查到的資料太多太雜，完成總裝配時(shí)須進(jìn)行大量的優(yōu)化配合，以降低成本、保證市場(chǎng)需求； 　一些細(xì)節(jié)未能更好地完善。 　繼續(xù)努力，多請(qǐng)教老師，多實(shí)地參觀，發(fā)現(xiàn)不足，及時(shí)完善。 學(xué)生簽字： 指導(dǎo)教師 意 見(jiàn) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度：超前□ 正?！? 滯后□ 嚴(yán)重滯后□ 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 系意見(jiàn) 系主任簽字： 年 月 日 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū) 學(xué)生姓名 院系 專業(yè)、班級(jí) 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 職稱 從事 專業(yè) 是否外聘 □是■否 題目名稱 藥品包裝機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 一、設(shè)計(jì)目的、意義 設(shè)計(jì)目的： 目前，世界各國(guó)對(duì)包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展都很重視。而一直以來(lái)，我國(guó)的包裝行業(yè)發(fā)展緩慢，尤其是貼體包裝（真空包裝），這在很大程度上制約了一些行業(yè)向世界市場(chǎng)的邁進(jìn)。為了提高生產(chǎn)效率、節(jié)約運(yùn)行成本、提高食品機(jī)械的機(jī)械化程度，設(shè)計(jì)一種用于食品包裝的包裝機(jī)。 設(shè)計(jì)意義： 我國(guó)的包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品由于品種少、技術(shù)水平低、產(chǎn)品可靠性差等原因，面臨著激烈的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。全自動(dòng)計(jì)量充填包裝機(jī)械，特別是對(duì)于粉粒物料的包裝，隨著食品工業(yè)，制藥工業(yè)，特別是近年來(lái)我國(guó)實(shí)施的乳品工程，為我國(guó)制袋充填機(jī)械留有巨大的發(fā)展空間。 目前國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)包裝機(jī)械的企業(yè)已經(jīng)發(fā)展為幾百多家，但大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)含量較低，產(chǎn)品差異程度低，成熟產(chǎn)品技術(shù)易模仿和抄襲，造成低水平重復(fù)，阻礙了對(duì)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。中國(guó)有可能很快就成為包裝機(jī)械的制造大國(guó)，但很難擺脫“品牌小國(guó)”的地位。 二、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容、技術(shù)要求（研究方法） 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容： 1.總體結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定； 2.紙盒上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 3.藥板上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 4.裝盒機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 技術(shù)要求： 1.紙簽（說(shuō)明書(shū)）規(guī)格：最大300mm×210mm，最小80mm×100mm； 2.紙盒規(guī)格：長(zhǎng)=100mm；寬=65 mm；高=20mm； 3.包裝物（藥板）規(guī)格：長(zhǎng)=80mm，寬=58 mm。 4.包裝能力：60盒/分，1板/盒； 三、設(shè)計(jì)完成后應(yīng)提交的成果 1.設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份，字?jǐn)?shù)不少于1.5萬(wàn)字； 2.圖紙量折合后不少于3張A0，其中，至少包含1張A0總體結(jié)構(gòu)裝配圖。 四、設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度安排 2012.2.27-2012.3.18 收集資料，查閱文獻(xiàn)，撰寫(xiě)開(kāi)題報(bào)告； 2012.3.19-2012.4.1 確定設(shè)計(jì)方案，進(jìn)行總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 2012.4.2-2012.4.15 紙盒上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 2012.4.16-2012.4.29 藥板上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 2012.4.30-2012.5.13 裝盒機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 2012.5.14-2012.6.5 繪制、修改總體結(jié)構(gòu)裝配圖及零件工作圖； 2012.6.6-2012.6.15 撰寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)，整理材料，準(zhǔn)備答辯 五、主要參考資料 [1]孫鳳蘭，馬喜川. 包裝機(jī)械概論[M]. 北京: 印刷工業(yè)出版社,2005. [2]鄢臘梅. 我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械的現(xiàn)狀分析及國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的開(kāi)拓[J]. 中國(guó)包裝工業(yè)，2001. [3]李越. 技術(shù)進(jìn)步是中國(guó)食品包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展方向[J]. 中國(guó)包裝，2003. [4]孫風(fēng)蘭. 食品包裝機(jī)械學(xué)[M]. 黑龍江科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1990. [5]高德. 包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)[M]. 北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2005. [6]趙淮. 包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品大全[M]. 北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2003. [7]鐘寶紀(jì).預(yù)測(cè)包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)業(yè)的四大發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J].中國(guó)包裝工業(yè)，2006，(2). [8]孫智慧，徐克非.包裝機(jī)械概論（第二版）[M].北京:印刷工業(yè)出版社，2007. [9]機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)編委會(huì).機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（新版）[S].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004. 六、備注 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 系主任簽字： 年 月 日 附 錄 原文 Comment on medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design In recent years, Carry out GMP (medicines and chemical reagents produces specifications of quality) attestation system because of sustained our country economic situation rise and country to pharmacy industry mandatory. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery has got quite great progress. The new product increases by gradually. Engineering level has had very big improvement. But be returning very big gaps back to existence compared with international standards. Level being close to 60%'s product cannot to reach upper developed country century eighties. Large-scale advanced equipment is dependent on entrance mainly. Low our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery engineering level is that the design designing personnel low level from our country enterprise arouses to a great extent. One, our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery current situation analyses Our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery still has bigger gap compared with advanced international level. What time is insufficient on domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design under main existence 1) Backward domestic mechanical performance medicines and chemical reagents package machinery mostly, accuracy low velocity, is slow, stationarity dispatches package machinery travel process to contain large amount of dyadic complicated intermittence motion. Come to come true mainly from the cam, the connecting rod. But, many design that the personnel is unable to require that the independence designs the parameter calculating cam bar linkage kinematics and dynamics according to job cycle picture and accuracy. Be only the surveying and mapping carrying out a piecemeal that the abroad model machine cam connecting rod part is dismantled down simplely. Bring about actuating mechanism error is very big. That domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery runs speed mostly is more general than hanging down according to cutting frequency if the aluminium moulds bubble cover packer's for 100 one 300 mins, full-automatic medicine box packer dress box speed 50- 200 boxes/ ms in. But, on the international, the advanced aluminium moulds rushing steeping cover packer cutting frequency be able to reach 600 mins. Full-automatic medicine box packer dress box speed is able to reach 600 ~ 800 box/ mins. Not only working speed of domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery is slow. And, the partner has bigger noise. 2) Is under the control of horizontal backward. Domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery controls low, automation of level difference mostly , the malfunction leads height. (Main package machinery finger box dress controls domestic medicines and chemical reagents with drinking wine holding machinery with) adopt PLC to do a scene mostly. But, advanced medicines and chemical reagents package machinery realizes supervisory control abroad mostly from computer system. Under the control of horizontal relatively backward. Great majority domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery automation sex is relatively poor. Adopt a single to produce a pattern first commonly. The full-automatic production line is few. Two is that full-automation works cannot to achieve. Require that the manpower feeds in raw material. Hand movement enchases. If in a little paper box packer, Page, paper box all needs medicine board , specifications paper to move charging personally. And require specially-assigned person to pay attention to if specifications, medicine board, paper box already finish using at any time. Happen to avoid bringing about machine racing or bringing about incomplete specifications, medicine board, and medicine box phenomenon. Other, domestic medicines and chemical reagents package mechanic failure rates are higher. Control a component (if the relay, electromagnetic valve, contactor, breaker etc.) etc. are often easy to damage. Halt also to frequently occur the malfunction. 3) Functions are unitary, expansion sex is bad. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery is that the form designs that specifically for specially appointed package. The general specification range inner in regulation is adjustable. But, a lot of our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery considers insufficiency when designing that. Be not that reforming going a step further sets apart sufficient space. Cause the machinery designing that to be able to only adapt to the form board in several kinds simplicities. Change not adapting to wrapping material or the form board dimension. Fit in with even. The package finished product mass giving birth to a child is neither nice. 4) Considers deficiency synthetically. Resource does not fully utilize. Our country medicines and chemical reagents there exists the chaos phenomenon in package machinery design. A lot of machinery designs that the personnel drags to the electric motor moving the synchrony technology, the servo drive technology do not knows. The problem simple electrical equipment available is resolved uses complicated mechanism to come to come true but. Some though the control organ works to come having adopt the synchrony electric motor to wait for a device. But choose block of wood ding-dang. The maximum having brought about resource not only wastes this condition. And make machinery function designing that low. 5) Model is inflexible. Model seldom considering machinery time medicines and chemical reagents of our country package machinery design. Many machine molding that the manufacturer produces is not beautiful do not have model even. Give person feeling to rigid, to inflexible, not to have vigor. A few medicine box packers are middle. The nut all assembles screw on the machine outside board. But, the oil cup and flow nipple that a little lubrication uses also can be seen everywhere. Be stained fully with a greasy dirt easy to use machine everywhere time oiling. Impression is rough to person. No beautiful. Two, medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design content People long-term study passes. Define conceptual design being: "Have been ascertaining the mission queen. Pass abstract-relation. Design the function structure. Explore appropriate effect principle and their combination waiting. Ascertain out basic finding the solution approach. Reach find the solution scheme. This part of the conceptual design designing that the job is called conceptual design is referred to make the queen who designs purpose and now has condition clear. The designer searches for many-sided knowledge. Analysis abstracts the solution on generating dyadic broad frame significance the day after tomorrow. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design demands according to each product life cycle stages. Carrying out the product function creates , the function breaks up as well as the function and son are functional physical design: That conception and systematization carrying out the scheme satisfying the operating principle that the function and structure demand finding the solution and carrying out the operating principle carrier realizing the function structure's design the conceptual design process is that one finds the solution realizing a function's , satisfies the various technology and various there existing in economic target's , possibility scheme well ultimate for sure synthetically optimum scheme process. The conceptual design effect embodies in the product design early phase stage mainly. Chief architect is based on functional need of product but primitive conception and impulsion sprouting out form the product main body frame. And, it responds to every main module and module including. In order to accomplishing overall layout and the exterior, the first step designs that. And then carry out the optimization appraising a sum. Ascertain the overall design plan. Design that the personnel carries out the chief architect design thought going to designing middle concretely again from every part. Detail designs realization. The conceptual design putting medicines and chemical reagents package machinery into practice demands to design that the personnel reinforces the cognition to medicines and chemical reagents package first. Deepen the connotation understanding medicines and chemical reagents packages. Introduce modern package idea. Be in line with the international conventions actively. Modern package is to ensure the product safety not only. Make product transportation convenient. And be getting up propagate, environmental protection, defends against false. Attractive looks waits for the many-sided effect. Wrap up contents additional information. The medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design personnel should show solicitude for development of package system closely. Go deep into the handicraft studying package. Know demand of development of wrapping material and the person to machinery product very well. Only when such ability designs that out satisfy the high tone machinery product that the consumer demands. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design content has mainly: 1) Makes the design mission clear. Be ready for feasibility analysis. The designer designs initial stage working in being in progress. Respond to the feasibility considering a product sufficiently. One aspect is the marketplace thinking. Include the production marketing, product raw material, the fabricating cost thinking: Another aspect is thinking that the product processes. Include thinking now having a working ability, processing handicraft, processing the function and periphery supporting industry. Periphery supporting environment thinking points to the local enterprise working ability mainly processes level, heat treatment handicraft and the infrastructural facilities construction etc. 2) Function design. Great majority our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery is the same kind model copying to abroad. But peculiar national conditions because of our country existence. Must carry out appropriate reforming on the product. To satisfy request of our country. But fault blindly copy blindly. The machinery designing that is packed in, irrigates the dress function outside except needing to satisfy a box. We must consider the additional function packing machinery. If in package box should add a counting cup. The medicine spoon waits an utensil down. Be put into use with convenience of customers. In machine, kind of aspect developing can design comparatively advanced machinery. If sterile pack machinery, the package machinery retaining freshness etc.Can develop the corollary equipment selling complete sets of equipment and the post-processing at reduced prices in the medicines and chemical reagents package front. 3) Functions decomposition. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery belongs to the integration of machinery with electronics product. Should consider every function all round time design. Sort Er Yan. The medicines and chemical reagents package machinery function may divide 3 major parts being that organization moves, monitors biography feel, the information processing and controlling a function basically. The function subdivides organization motion according to may not kind with machine , packer may be molding , heat-seal , pressure trace mark, according to cutting 4 big functions if the aluminum moulds bubble cover. But, paper box package machinery may be that the box opens, paper box transfers, breaks tongue , functions such as inserting tongue , flattening and putting a batch number up mark poison board under paper folding, deducing paper feed. Want to consider machinery lubrication, safe functions such as running, packing hygiene of machinery too in the process of design. This demands the technology designing that the personnel considers detecting sufficiently. Brightness, machine, electricity integration technology, computer art. Intersection between the pneumatic technology, the logistics technology connection. 4) Organization is designed. Be to realize the predetermined function. We need to use different organization. This needs the part synthesizing each considering a complete machine among one process. Use the product designing that while satisfying the usage request. Structure is simple, pragmatic. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery organization designs time. Respond to the principle choosing appropriate organization motion and constituting. Think sufficiently to realize what specially appointed motion needs organization. If cam organization. Bar linkage. Cam bar linkage. Respond to the technology wielding separation drive at the same time. Think that the transmission shaft designs a problem (if castellated shaft and ladder axis etc.) and drive are systematic synthetically. Design that process middle should cut down the effect that the uncertainty factor brings about to the full. Messenger organization operation is stable. Design that machinery carries out kinetic methods of analysis answering now and then. With lifting, machinery runs speed and stationarity. Should think that various packing machinery, adjustable, holds the mistake, but expansion, stationarity as well as beautiful-rization besides. Run after machinery is deft but stable. Design process but consult package machinery design of all kinds strong point. Draw other machinery (if plastic machinery, prints machinery) merit at the same time. Design the outside except carrying out organization. Return approach back to the realization should think that every function is other. If vacuum, electrical equipment waits under the control of. To expect that optimum combination is a product's turn. 5) System under the control of schemes design. In medicines and chemical reagents package machinery, a very important part is that real time detecting is back-off to every organization. To ensure that equipment operation is smooth. Now many machinery products has selected and used large amount of photo electricity switch being the detecting component. Equipment has such as PC detecting bubble cover system on some machinery and the like system. This need all designs that meticulously. And, the general naval company is an integral whole. Three, concluding remarks The thought a concept is designed melts to enter medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design being able to fall off designing a fault. Shorten a design cycle. Accelerate the product exploitation. Make the product designing that more rational, have affinity, more suitable man-machine project more. It is also that the main means costing down and improving enterprise competition is short of passive competition aspect backward for improving medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design at the same time. To adapt to the challenge that "queen GMP times" brings about. Design that the personnel must take product conceptual design seriously. Deepen the significance understanding conceptual design's. 譯文 論藥品包裝機(jī)械的概念設(shè)計(jì) 近年來(lái)，由于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的持續(xù)高漲和國(guó)家對(duì)制藥行業(yè)強(qiáng)制性推行GMP(藥品生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量規(guī)范)認(rèn)證制度，藥品包裝機(jī)械取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。新產(chǎn)品日益增多，技術(shù)水平有了很大的改進(jìn)。但與國(guó)際水平相比還存在著很大的差距，近60%的產(chǎn)品達(dá)不到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家上世紀(jì)80年代的水平，先進(jìn)大型的設(shè)備主要依賴進(jìn)口。我國(guó)藥品包裝機(jī)械的低技術(shù)水平在很大程度上是由我國(guó)企業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)人員低水平設(shè)計(jì)引起的。 一、我國(guó)藥品包裝機(jī)械現(xiàn)狀分析 我國(guó)藥品包裝機(jī)械與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平相比尚有較大的差距.國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)上主要存在以下幾點(diǎn)不足： 1) 機(jī)械性能落后，國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械大多精度低、速度慢、平穩(wěn)性差。包裝機(jī)械運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程包含大量復(fù)雜的間歇式運(yùn)動(dòng)，主要由凸輪、連桿來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而許多設(shè)計(jì)人員不會(huì)根據(jù)工作循環(huán)圖和精度要求獨(dú)立設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算凸輪連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)，只是簡(jiǎn)單的把國(guó)外樣機(jī)的凸輪連桿零件拆卸下來(lái)進(jìn)行逐點(diǎn)測(cè)繪，造成執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)誤差很大。國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械大多運(yùn)行速度較低，如鋁塑泡罩包裝機(jī)的沖裁頻率一般為100～300個(gè)/min，全自動(dòng)藥盒包裝機(jī)的裝盒速度50～200盒/min，而國(guó)際上先進(jìn)的鋁塑泡罩包裝機(jī)的沖裁頻率能夠達(dá)到600個(gè)/min，全自動(dòng)藥盒包裝機(jī)的裝盒速度能夠達(dá)到600~ 800盒/min。國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械不僅運(yùn)行速度慢，而且還伴有較大的噪音。 2) 控制水平落后。國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械大多控制水平低、自動(dòng)性差、故障率高。國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械(主要指盒裝和灌裝機(jī)械)大多采用PLC作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制，而國(guó)外先進(jìn)的藥品包裝機(jī)械大多由計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)控，控制水平相對(duì)落后。大多數(shù)國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械自動(dòng)性較差。一是普遍采用單機(jī)生產(chǎn)模式，全自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線少。二是做不到全自動(dòng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，需要人工加料，手動(dòng)裝箱。如一些紙盒包裝機(jī)中，藥板、說(shuō)明書(shū)紙頁(yè)、紙盒都需要手動(dòng)加料，且需專人隨時(shí)注意說(shuō)明書(shū)、藥板、紙盒是否已經(jīng)用完，以免造成機(jī)器空轉(zhuǎn)或造成缺說(shuō)明書(shū)、藥板、藥盒現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。另外，國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械故障率較高。控制元器件(如繼電器、電磁閥、接觸器、斷路器等)等經(jīng)常容易損壞，死機(jī)故障也時(shí)有發(fā)生。 3)功能單一、可擴(kuò)展性差。藥品包裝機(jī)械是針對(duì)特定的包裝形式設(shè)計(jì)的。一般在規(guī)定的規(guī)格范圍內(nèi)可調(diào)。而我國(guó)許多藥品包裝機(jī)械在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)考慮不充分，沒(méi)有為進(jìn)一步的改造留出足夠的空間，致使設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)械只能適應(yīng)于幾種簡(jiǎn)單的模板，不適應(yīng)包裝材料或模板尺寸的變化，即使適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)的包裝成品質(zhì)量也不佳。 4）綜合考慮不足，資源沒(méi)有充分利用。我國(guó)藥品包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)存在著混亂現(xiàn)象，許多機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)人員對(duì)電機(jī)拖動(dòng)同步技術(shù)、伺服傳動(dòng)技術(shù)不了解，可用簡(jiǎn)單的電器設(shè)備解決的問(wèn)題卻用復(fù)雜的機(jī)械裝置來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，有的雖然采用了同步電機(jī)等裝置來(lái)控制機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行，但選取不當(dāng)。這些情況不僅造成了資源的極大浪費(fèi)，而且使設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)械的性能低下。 5)造型死板。我國(guó)的藥品包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)很少考慮機(jī)械的造型，很多廠家生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械造型不美觀，甚至沒(méi)有造型，給人感覺(jué)僵硬、死板、沒(méi)有活力。一些藥盒包裝機(jī)中，螺釘螺母都安裝在機(jī)器的外面板上，而一些潤(rùn)滑用的油杯和油嘴也隨處可見(jiàn)，加油時(shí)容易使機(jī)器到處沾滿油污，給人印象粗糙，不美觀。 二、藥品包裝機(jī)械概念設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容 人們經(jīng)過(guò)多年的研究，將概念設(shè)計(jì)定義為：“在確定了任務(wù)后，通過(guò)抽象化擬定功能結(jié)構(gòu)，尋求適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔迷砑捌浣M合等，確定出基本求解途徑，得出求解方案。這一部分設(shè)計(jì)工作叫做概念設(shè)計(jì)”概念設(shè)計(jì)指明確設(shè)計(jì)目的和現(xiàn)有條件后，設(shè)計(jì)者搜索多方面的知識(shí)，分析提煉后生成框架式的廣泛意義上的解。藥品包裝機(jī)械的概念設(shè)計(jì)要求根據(jù)產(chǎn)品生命周期各個(gè)階段，進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品功能創(chuàng)造、功能分解以及功能和子功能的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行滿足功能和結(jié)構(gòu)要求的工作原理求解和進(jìn)行實(shí)現(xiàn)功能結(jié)構(gòu)的工作原理載體方案的構(gòu)思和系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)概念設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程是一個(gè)求解實(shí)現(xiàn)功能的、滿足各種技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)的、可能存在的各種方案并最終確定綜合最優(yōu)方案的過(guò)程。概念設(shè)計(jì)的作用主要體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的早期階段。總設(shè)計(jì)師根據(jù)產(chǎn)品功能的需求而萌發(fā)出來(lái)的原始構(gòu)思和沖動(dòng)形成產(chǎn)品的主體框架，及它應(yīng)包括的各主要模塊和組件，以完成整體布局和外型初步設(shè)計(jì)。然后進(jìn)行評(píng)估和優(yōu)化，確定整體設(shè)計(jì)方案。再由各部分設(shè)計(jì)人員把總設(shè)計(jì)師的設(shè)計(jì)思想落實(shí)到具體設(shè)計(jì)中去，實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)施藥品包裝機(jī)械的概念設(shè)計(jì)首先要求設(shè)計(jì)人員加強(qiáng)對(duì)藥品包裝的認(rèn)識(shí)，深化理解藥品包裝的內(nèi)涵，引進(jìn)現(xiàn)代包裝理念，積極與國(guó)際接軌。現(xiàn)代包裝不僅是保障產(chǎn)品的安全，使產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸方便，而且起著宣傳、環(huán)保、防偽、美觀等多方面的作用。藥品包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)人員應(yīng)密切關(guān)注包裝系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展.深入研究包裝工藝，熟悉包裝材料的發(fā)展和其對(duì)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的要求。只有這樣才能設(shè)計(jì)出滿足用戶要求的高水平機(jī)械產(chǎn)品。藥品包裝機(jī)械的概念設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容主要有： 1)明確設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，做好可行性分析。設(shè)計(jì)者在進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)工作初始階段時(shí)應(yīng)充分考慮產(chǎn)品的可行性。一方面是市場(chǎng)的考慮，包括產(chǎn)品銷售、產(chǎn)品原料、制造費(fèi)用的考慮；另一方面是產(chǎn)品加工的考慮，包括現(xiàn)有加工能力、加工工藝、加工性能及周邊配套行業(yè)的考慮。周邊配套環(huán)境的考慮主要指當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)加工能力、加工水平、熱處理工藝及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)等。 2)功能設(shè)計(jì)。我國(guó)大多數(shù)藥品包裝機(jī)械是對(duì)國(guó)外同類機(jī)型的仿制。但由于我國(guó)存在的特殊國(guó)情，須對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)母脑?，以滿足我國(guó)的要求。而不是一味的照抄照搬。設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)械除需要滿足盒裝、灌裝功能外，我們還須考慮包裝機(jī)械的附加功能，如包裝盒中應(yīng)加入量杯、藥勺等工具，以方便用戶使用。在機(jī)種的開(kāi)發(fā)方面可以設(shè)計(jì)較為先進(jìn)的機(jī)械，如無(wú)菌包裝機(jī)械、保鮮包裝機(jī)械等。還可以開(kāi)發(fā)藥品包裝前處理成套設(shè)備和后處理配套設(shè)備。 3)功能分解。藥品包裝機(jī)械屬于機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)全面考慮各功能。一般而言，藥品包裝機(jī)械功能大致可分為機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)、監(jiān)測(cè)傳感、信息處理及控制功能3大部分。機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)功能按不同機(jī)種又可細(xì)分，如鋁塑泡罩包裝機(jī)可分為成型、熱封、壓痕、沖裁4大功能，而紙盒包裝機(jī)械可分為折紙、下紙、藥板推送、紙盒打開(kāi)、紙盒傳輸、折舌、插舌、壓平和打批號(hào)等功能。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中還要考慮機(jī)械潤(rùn)滑、機(jī)械安全運(yùn)行、包裝衛(wèi)生等功能。這要求設(shè)計(jì)人員充分考慮檢測(cè)技術(shù)，光、機(jī)、電一體化技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù).氣動(dòng)技術(shù)、物流技術(shù)之間的交叉聯(lián)系。 4)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)定的功能，我們需要使用不同的機(jī)構(gòu)。這一過(guò)程中需綜合考慮整機(jī)的各個(gè)部分，使設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品在滿足使用要求的同時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、實(shí)用。藥品包裝機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇和組合適當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)原理，充分考慮實(shí)現(xiàn)特定運(yùn)動(dòng)所需機(jī)構(gòu)，如凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)，連桿機(jī)構(gòu)，凸輪連桿機(jī)構(gòu)。同時(shí)還應(yīng)運(yùn)用分離傳動(dòng)技術(shù)，綜合考慮傳動(dòng)軸(如花鍵軸和階梯軸等)和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題。設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中應(yīng)盡量減少不確定性因素造成的影響，使機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)。設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)還應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)械進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析，以提升機(jī)械運(yùn)行速度和平穩(wěn)性。另外還應(yīng)考慮包裝機(jī)械的多樣、可調(diào)、容錯(cuò)、可擴(kuò)展、平穩(wěn)性以及美觀化，追求機(jī)械輕巧但穩(wěn)定。設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程可參考各類包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的長(zhǎng)處，同時(shí)借鑒別的機(jī)械(如塑料機(jī)械、印刷機(jī)械)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。除進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)外.還應(yīng)考慮各功能另外的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑，如真空、電器控制等，以期最優(yōu)組合該產(chǎn)品。 5)系統(tǒng)控制方案的設(shè)計(jì)。藥品包裝機(jī)械中一個(gè)很重要的部分就是對(duì)各機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)補(bǔ)償，以保證設(shè)備運(yùn)行順暢?，F(xiàn)在很多機(jī)械產(chǎn)品選用了大量的光電開(kāi)關(guān)作為檢測(cè)元件，有的機(jī)械上還裝備有諸如微機(jī)檢測(cè)泡罩系統(tǒng)之類的系統(tǒng)。這都需要精心設(shè)計(jì)和整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)連為一體。 三、結(jié)語(yǔ) 將概念設(shè)計(jì)的思想融入藥品包裝機(jī)械的設(shè)計(jì)可以減少設(shè)計(jì)失誤，縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期，加快產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)，使設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品更合理、更具有親和力、更適合人機(jī)工程。同時(shí)它也是降低成本和提高企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的主要手段。為了改善藥品包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)落后、缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的被動(dòng)局面，以適應(yīng)“后GMP時(shí)代”帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，設(shè)計(jì)人員必須重視產(chǎn)品概念設(shè)計(jì)，深化理解概念設(shè)計(jì)的重要性。