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Phrases/expressions in the text (para.1) 1.在高緯度 2.處于不好的狀況 3.尤其，特別4.一邊，另一邊5.平均6.沖出公路7.每兩周8.理論上9.實(shí)際上10.遵守規(guī)則 (para.2) 11.幸虧12.死亡人數(shù)13.指揮交通14.經(jīng)過 15. 認(rèn)為---相當(dāng)然 (para.3) 16.志愿做某事 17.與死神打了個照面 18.一卡車的香蕉 19.不知怎么地，他幸存下來20.住院21.被叫出來22.從…中拉出來23.對有深刻 的影響 24.一周又一周25.從黎明到黃昏 26.站好自己的位置27.有資格做…,1.在高緯度 2.處于不好的狀況 3.尤其，特別 4.一邊，另一邊 5.平均 6.沖出公路 7.每兩周 8.理論上 9.實(shí)際上 10.遵守規(guī)則,1.at high altitude 2.in bad condition 3.in particular 4.on one side…on the other side 5.on average e off the road 7.every two weeks every other week 8.in theory 9.in practice 10.respect the rule,11.thanks to 12.the death toll 13.direct the traffic 14.pass by 15.take… for granted 16.volunteer to do 17.have a close encounter with death 18.a lorry load of bananas 19.Somehow he survived,,11.幸虧 12.死亡人數(shù) 13.指揮交通 14.經(jīng)過 15. 認(rèn)為---相當(dāng)然 16.志愿做某事 17.與死神打了個照面 18.一卡車的香蕉 19.不知怎么地， 他幸存下來,20.be in hospital 21.be called out 22.pull…out of… 23.have a profound effect on 24. week in ，week out 25.from dawn to dusk 26.take up one’s place 27.be qualified to do,20.住院 21.被叫出來 22.從…中拉出來 23.對有深刻 的影響 24.一周又一周 25.從黎明到黃昏 26.站好自己的位置 27.有資格做…,1. come off Come off the grass!（布告）勿踏草地 The stamp has come off. Stick it on again.郵票掉下來了，再貼上去吧。 Some of the paint on the wall has come off.墻上有些地方的漆已經(jīng)脫落。 他上衣上的一顆扣子掉了。,One of the buttons has come off his coat.,2.approach n. 接近, 逼近, 走進(jìn)；方法, 步驟 ；途徑, 通路 vt. 接近, 動手處理 vi. 靠近,2. approach 1. As you approach the town the first building you see is the church . 2. He is easy to approach . 3. He approached the difficulty with great care . 4. Teaching’s Day is approaching . 5. Our approach drove away the wild animals . 6. the approach of winter brings cold weather . 7. All approaches to the down were blocked . 8. His book presents a new approach to the difficulty .,v. 接近，靠近,v.與….打交道,處理，解決,靠近，來臨,n.接近，靠近,來臨,通路，入口,方法，步驟,3.survive 1.vi.（不及物動詞） To remain alive or in existence.活著，繼續(xù)存在 The man was very ill, but he survived.這個人病得很厲害，可是他活下來了。 2.vt.（及物動詞） To live longer than; outlive:比…活得長： She survived her husband by five years.她比她丈夫多活了五年 To live or persist through:從困境中活過來或挺過來： plants that can survive frosts. 歷經(jīng)寒霜而存活的植物 地震過后，生還者極少,Few survived after the earthquake.,4.take up 1) 開始從事 When did he take up football? 他是什么時候開始踢足球的? 2) 開始學(xué)習(xí)(某課程) What is your brother taking up in college? 你哥哥在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)什么專業(yè)？ 3) 占用(時間或空間)The work took up all his time. 那工作花費(fèi)了他所有的時間。 The large desk takes up most of the office. 這張桌子占去辦公室的大部分間。 4) 向……提出,討論 That’s an issue we ought to take up at the next meeting. 這個問題我們下次會議再討論。 5) 繼續(xù)(講述) The teacher took up his lesson where he stopped yesterday. 老師接著昨天的課程講。,Translation 1.多虧了他，死亡率下降了 2.當(dāng)夜幕來臨時，一輛貨車掉下了懸崖。 3. 你知道怎樣處理這個問題嗎? 4.司機(jī)們僅僅是路過，把人體交通標(biāo)志看作是理所當(dāng)然的事。 5.同學(xué)們都自告奮勇來回答這個問題。 6.我們覺得上大學(xué)深造是我們?nèi)松囊豁?xiàng)使命， 7.因此為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個理想，從黎明到黑夜，一周又一周，我們在座位上勤學(xué)苦練。 8.很多路的狀況都不好,事故頻繁發(fā)生. 9. 老師接著昨天的故事講。 10.老婦人比她丈夫多活了十年,Translation 1.多虧了他，死亡率下降了 Thanks to him ，the death toll has fallen . 2.當(dāng)夜幕來臨時，一輛貨車掉下了懸崖。 When darkness approached ，a lorry came off the cliff .,3. 你知道怎樣處理這個問題嗎?,Do you know how to approach the problem?,4.司機(jī)們僅僅是路過，把人體交通標(biāo)志看作是理所當(dāng)然的事。 The drivers just pass by ，taking the human traffic signal for granted . 5.同學(xué)們都自告奮勇來回答這個問題。 All the students volunteered to answer the questions . 6.我們覺得上大學(xué)深造是我們?nèi)松囊豁?xiàng)使命， We feel it our mission in life to go to college to do further study .,7.因此為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個理想，從黎明到黑夜，一周又一周，我們在座位上勤學(xué)苦練。 So ，in order to realize the dream / make the dream come true ，from dawn to dusk ，week in， week out ，we take up our seat and learn with practice .,8.很多路的狀況都不好,事故頻繁發(fā)生.,Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent .,9. 老師接著昨天的故事講。 10.老婦人比她丈夫多活了十年,The teacher took up the story where he left off yesterday.,The old lady survived her husband by ten years.,1.Thanks to him ，the death toll has fallen . 2. When darkness approached ，a lorry came off the cliff. 3.Do you know how to approach the problem? 。 4.The drivers just pass by ，taking the human traffic signal for granted 5.All the students volunteered to answer the questions 。 6.We feel it our mission in life to go to college to do further study . 7.So ，in order to realize the dream / make the dream come true ，from dawn to dusk ，week in， week out ，we take up our seat and learn with practice 。 8.Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent . 9.The teacher took up the story where he left off yesterday. 10.The old lady survived her husband by ten years.,,Function,“情態(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞”的用法,英語中,表示對過去某種情況進(jìn)行推測或責(zé)備、后悔,常用情態(tài)動詞must, may (might), can(could), should(ought to), would 等＋have＋過去分詞表示。依據(jù)說話人的語氣或推測的把握程度不同,使用的情態(tài)動詞也不同。,1. must＋have＋過去分詞 表示對過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 的肯定判斷。用于肯定的陳述句中(在否定句及疑問句中用can代替must),意思是“一定已經(jīng)……”。 e.g. If he had really been there, I must have seen him.,2. can (could)＋have＋過去分詞 表示對過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)的否定或疑問判斷。 Where can he have gone? 他可能去哪里了呢? Jim cant have been at home yesterday. 吉姆昨天不可能在家。,3. may/might＋have＋過去分詞 表示對過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行的不肯定的推測,語氣比使用can (could)弱。might的語氣比may更弱。 She may have read the book. He might not have got your letter.,4. need＋have＋過去分詞 常用于否定句,表示過去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,表示“本來不必……”。 You needn’t have told him the news.你沒有必要告訴他那消息。,5. should/ought to＋have＋過去分詞 肯定式表示“過去本應(yīng)做某事(但沒做)”;否定式表示“過去不該做某事(但做了)”,含有不滿或責(zé)備之意。 You’re right. I should have thought of that. She ought to have come earlier.,6. would＋have＋過去分詞 表示過去本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做,用來說明某種情況,不含有責(zé)備之意。 I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我本來要早點(diǎn)給你寫信,但我生病了。,If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job. 我要是看見那個廣告了, 我就申請那份工作了。,,Practice,1. John _____ a better job, but he was too careless. A. should do B. must have done C. could do D. could have done,2. -- I don’t know why he is late. -- Nor do I. He __ have had an accident. A. can B. should C. might D. must 3. He must have seen the inspector last night, ____ he? A. mustn’t B. hasn’t C. didn’t D. doesn’t,,4. --Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? --Yes, but I ____ have told her. A. should B. shouldn't C. must D. ought to not 5. The playground is all wet. It ___ rained last night. A. had B. can have C. should have D. must have,6. We _____ have hurried. We had to wait twenty minutes before the meeting began. A. needn’t B. should C. must D. couldn’t,7. -- Who told you my address? --I don’t remember clearly. It __ Tom. --It ____ Tom. He doesn’t know it. A. may have been; can't be B. can be; mustn’t be C. must have been; can’t have been D. may have been; mustn’t have been,8. John passed the exam. He didn’t study very hard. The exam __ difficult. A. can’t have been B. must have been C. couldn’t be D. might have been 9. She ____ have gone to college, but she didn’t pass the exam. A. might B. would C. must D. need,10. It’s already eleven o’clock. He _____to bed. A. must have gone B. must go C. should have gone D. can’t have gone,5. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _____ at least 150 kilometers an hour . A.should have been doingB.must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 6. --- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wide animals for 13 years before she returned . ----- Oh , dear! She ____ a lot of difficulties ! A. may go though B. must have gone though C. ought to have gone though D. might go though,___,___,7.---Tom is never late for work .Why is he absent today? ---Something______ to him. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 8.---Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere? ----Well. He ____ have gone far—his coat’s still here. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 9.—Lucy doestn’t mind lending you her dictionary. -----She _____. I’ve already borrowed one. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t,____,___,___,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,