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111 必修2　 Unit 3　Computers 要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考 ●重點單詞 1．calculate vt.計算→calculator n．計算器 2．universal adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的→universe n．宇宙→universally adv.普遍地 3．simplify vt.簡化→simple adj.簡單的 4．technology n．工藝；科技；技術→technological adj.科技的 5．revolution n．革命→revolutionary adj.革命的 6．intelligence n．智力；聰明；智能→intelligent adj.有才智的；聰明的 7．solve vt.解決；解答→solution n．解答 8．reality n．真實；事實；現(xiàn)實→real adj.真實的，真正的 9．personal adj.私人的；個人的；親自的→personally adv.親自地 10．finance n．金融；財經→financial adj.金融的，財政的 11．explore vt. & vi.探索；探測；探究 12．anyhow adv.無論如何；即使如此 13．goal n．目標；目的；球門；(進球)得分 14．signal vi. & vt.發(fā)信號 n．信號 15．type n．類型 vt. & vi.打字 16．arise vi.出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生 17．electronic adj.電子的 ●重點短語 1．have...in common　　　　共有；共用 2．from...on 從……時起 3．come into reality 成為現(xiàn)實 4．as a result 結果 5．in a way 在某種程度上 6．with the help of 在……的幫助下 7．deal with 處理 8．watch over 看守；監(jiān)視 9．give away 贈送 10．be crazy about 對……著迷 11．make up 彌補；整理 12．after all 畢竟 ●重點句型 1．And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！我的存儲量變得如此巨大，甚至連我自己都不能相信！ 2．Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.無論如何，我的目標是為人類提供高質量的生活。 ●高考范文 (2009·北京卷) 假設你是紅星中學高三一班的學生李華，為響應綠化祖國的號召，你班四月十二日去郊區(qū)植樹，請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，介紹植樹活動的全過程，給某英文雜志的“綠色行動”專欄寫一篇以Green Action in Our Class為題的英文稿件。 注意：詞數(shù)不少于60?！√崾驹~：郊區(qū) suburb _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ [思路點撥] 1．學生應該認真閱讀提示，把握準情景和要求，使表達的內容不走題，本題創(chuàng)設的是騎車去植樹的一系列情景。 2．根據(jù)情境的發(fā)展，按順序安排好材料。本題應該按照活動內容：騎車、路上——到達——植樹過程描述——離開前照相——簡短感想的順序完成。 3．學生應該注意層次分明，重點突出。本題的表達重點要放在植樹的過程上，去的路上和植樹后以及感想是次要的；可以按照三個層面寫(1)植樹路上；(2)植樹過程；(3)植樹完后和感想。 [范文] Green Action in Our Class April 12th is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day. In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way. Upon arrival, we began to work immediately. Some were digging holes. Some were carrying and planting trees. Others were watering them. After getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees. Before leaving we took some photos to record our green action. Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. We all think it's our duty to protect and beautify our environment. 考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考 Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關 1．total adj. 總的；全部的；整個的　n．總數(shù)；合計 v．總數(shù)為；合計為 totally adv. 完全地；整個地 in total 總共；總計(＝totally) a total of 總數(shù)；總共(修飾名詞復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)) the total of...(謂語動詞用單數(shù)) total up ＝ add up算出總數(shù) total (up) to＝add up to總額為 [即學即練1]—What is ________________________ these books？這些書的全部費用是多少？ —It cost me __________________ of 500 yuan. ___________， it cost me 500 yuan. The cost ________________ 500 yuan. 這些書總共花了我500元。 the total cost of a total of In total totalled up to 2．anyhow/anyway adv. (1)“無論如何，不管怎樣；總之；盡管如此”。在作此意講時，anyway和 anyhow一樣，都用做讓步狀語，一般置于句中(其前常有連詞 but)或句末。 (2)“況且，更何況，再說，至少”。作此意講時，兩者都可用來做狀語，對前面的話做補充，給出一個令人信服的理由，此時 anyhow常出現(xiàn)在句首或最后的分句之首，而不出現(xiàn)在句末。 (3)“粗心地，隨意地”，作此意講時，只能用 anyhow。 [即學即練2]寫出下列句中anyhow的意思。 (1)It may rain, but we shall go anyhow.______________ (2)Anyhow, you can try, even if there's not much chance of success.___________________________ (3)The work was done all anyhow._________________ 無論如何 至少 粗心地 拓展：somehow adv. 由于某種未知的原因；不知怎么的；以某種方式；用某種方法；從某種角度。如： Somehow he was afraid of her. 不知怎的，他怕她。 3．signal vi. & vt.發(fā)信號 n．信號 a danger/warning/distress signal危險/警告/遇難信號 traffic signals交通信號燈 a stop signal停車信號 signal(to) sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal to sb.向某人示意 signal(sb.) that...示意…… [即學即練3](1)All I get is __________________ whenever I dial his number. 我什么時候撥他的電話聽到的都是忙音。 (2)He __________________ for the bill. 他示意服務員結帳。 (3)She __________________ follow her. 她示意他跟她走。 a busy signal signalled the waiter signalled him to 4．type n．類型，種類，樣式 v．打字 a rare blood type罕見的血型 different racial types不同的人種 type up打印出來 [即學即練4](1)She mixes with ____________________ people.她和各種類型的人打交道。 (2)How fast can you ________________？ 你打字有多快？ (3)This letter needs __________________ again. 這封信需要再打一遍。 all types of type to be typed 5．arise vi. (arose, arisen)出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；起身，起立 (1)“出現(xiàn)，開始，呈現(xiàn)”，多用抽象名詞做主語。 (2)表示“起因于，由……產生”，通常用做arise from/put of。 (3)表“起身”之意，為正式或舊式用法。 [即學即練5](1)I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have ________________. 我本來想事情會很容易，但是出現(xiàn)了許多問題。 (2)Accidents _____________________ carelessness. 事故由粗心大意引起。 (3)A heavy mist ______________ the lake.湖面起了濃霧。 (4)He _______________ his seat.他從座位上站起來。 arisen arise from arose from arose from 6．as a result 結果；因此 as a result of 由于；作為……的結果 result in (＝cause)導致；致使 result from (＝be caused by) 起因于；因……而引起 [即學即練6](1) Hard work ____________ success. 努力終歸成功。 (2) Success _____________ hard work.成功來自于努力工作。 (3)He was ill. ____________________， he didn't go to school.他生病了。因此，他沒去上學。 (4)___________________________ his illness, he didn't go to school.由于生病，他沒去上學。 results in results from As a result As a result of 7．in a way在某種程度上 all the way　一路上；一直；完全 by way of　經由；途經 by the way　順便說 in the way　妨礙，擋路 in this way　以這種方法 in no way　決不，無論如何都不 on the way　在途中 on one’s way to...　在某人去……的途中； 　　　　 　　　即將成為…… give way (to)　讓步，屈服 [即學即練7](1)You are quite right __________________.從某一方面來講，你完全正確。 (2)It’s surprising that so many people should go abroad _________________ Hong Kong. 竟然有這么多的人途經香港去國外，真讓人吃驚。 (3)__________________ can we miss the chance that someone will be sent abroad for further education. 我們決不能錯過這個被派往國外深造的機會。 in a way by way of In no way (4)Our employer will not ______________________ our demands for higher wages. 我們的雇主不會對我們增加工資的要求讓步。 (5)Don’t stand ____________.不要妨礙別人。 give way to in the way 8．deal with處理；安排；對付 [即學即練8]寫出下列deal with的意思。 (1)There are too many difficulties for us to deal with. ____________ (2)He has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations._______________ (3)Deal with a man as he deals with you.___________ (4)This is a book dealing with Asian problems.______________________ 處理 應付 對付 關于；論及 (5)They have learned to deal with various persons.__________ 比較：deal with, do with (1)deal with意思是“處理，談論，對付”以及“與……做買賣”，表示處理時，常與連接副詞how連用。 I don’t know how to deal with him. 我不知道如何對付他。 (2)do with意思是“對待，處理，利用，與……有關”，表示“對待”時賓語是人，相當于treat；表示“處理，利用”時，常與連接代詞what連用。 I don’t know how they deal with the problem.　　　　 ＝I don’t know what they do with the problem. 我不知道他們如何處理這個問題。 與……往來/相處 9．watch over 看守；監(jiān)視 watch for sth. 盼望或等待某事物 watch out 小心；留神；注意(用于提醒、警示) watch out for sb./sth. 警惕或注意某人/物 keep (a) watch on 監(jiān)視 on the watch for 看守著……，監(jiān)視著…… [即學即練9](1)They __________________ by three policemen.他們由三個警察看守著。 (2)She ____________ her chance to speak.她等機會發(fā)言。 (3)____________！ There is a car coming.注意！有車來了。 (4)_________________ the pickpockets！當心有扒手！ 　　 were watched over watched for Watch out Watch out for Ⅱ.重點句型詳解 1．And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it! 我的存儲量變得如此巨大，甚至連我自己都不能相信！ so...that... 如此……以致……。 that 引導結果狀語從句。另外， such...that...也引導結果狀語從句。其結構形式為： so＋adj./adv. ＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) ＋many/few＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) much/little＋不可數(shù)名詞that 從句 such＋a/an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) ＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) ＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞that 從句 ①She was so excited that she couldn't go to sleep. 她興奮得睡不著覺。 ②It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. (＝It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)天氣如此熱，誰也不想干活。 ③I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me. 我的作文中出了許多錯誤，老師批評了我。 拓展：(1)當 so.../such...位于句首時，句子要部分倒裝。 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 那個標記非常小，我?guī)缀蹩床灰娝? (2)so...that...中的主句和從句的主語是同一個，that 從句也可改為 as to do 形式。 The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital. ＝The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital. 這個老太太是那樣好心，她把我領到了醫(yī)院。 (3)so that 連在一起用，可引導結果狀語從句，也可引導目的狀語從句。so that引導目的狀語從句時，從句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情態(tài)動詞；引導結果狀語從句時，從句中一般不用 can和 may等 詞，在 so that前可以有逗號，意思是“因此；所以”。 He hurried up so that he could catch the train. 他匆匆趕路為的是趕上火車。(對比：He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆趕路，結果趕上了火車。) [即境活用1](1)______about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A．So curious the couple was B．So curious were the couple C．How curious the couple were D．The couple was such curious 解析：考查 so...that...引導結果狀語從句，且 so...放于句首時，句子部分倒裝。 答案：B (2)Most children need encouragement in time of failure ______ they can cheer up again. A．so that　　　　　　　B．in case C．because D．if 解析：考查 so that 引導目的狀語從句。 答案：A 2．Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 無論如何，我的目標是為人類提供高質量的生活。 of high quality在句中做定語，屬于of＋n.結構。這一結構相當于形容詞，在句中可以做表語、定語或賓語補足語。 (1)of＋n.結構中的名詞是抽象名詞時，相當于其名詞所對應的形容詞的意思，說明被修飾詞具有某種特征或屬性。常用的名詞有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。這些名詞前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修飾，以表示不同程度。 The camel is of great help to the Arab.(＝The camel is very helpful to the Arab.) 駱駝對阿拉伯人有很大幫助。 (2)of＋n.結構中的名詞表種類、數(shù)量、度量等時，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此時名詞前通常有冠詞。常用的名詞有：size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。 The two are of an age, but are of different height. 這兩個人年齡相同，但身高不同。 (3)of＋n.結構還可以表示主語的根源關系，此時的名詞多是表示親屬、血統(tǒng)、種族、國籍以及出處的名詞，常用的名詞有：family, blood, race, origin 等。 We are of the same blood. 我們是同一血統(tǒng)。 (4)of＋n.結構還可以表示人的特點、特性，常用 of＋wealth/education/courage/achievement/ability 等。 Your sister is a girl of wisdom. 你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。 [即境活用2]　You will find this map of great ______ in helping you to get around London. A．price B．cost C．value D．usefulness 解析：be of great value＝be very valuable “很有價值”。 答案：C 易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考 1. symbol/sign/signal/mark 均含“標志，象征，符號”之意。 (1)symbol指作象征或表達某種深邃意蘊的特殊事物。 (2)sign普通用詞，指人們公認的事物的記號，也可指某種情況的征兆。 (3)signal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號。 (4)mark普通用詞，含義廣泛。既可指為便于辨認而有意做的標記，又可指自然形成的標記或有別于其他事物的特征。 [應用1]　(1)Red cross is a ______ for hospital. (2)A red light is usually a _________ of danger. (3)Make a ______ where you don’t understand. (4)Are dark clouds a ______ of rain? (5)A dove(鴿子) is a ______________ for peace. ign signal mark sign symble 2. arise/arouse/rise/raise (1)arise 是不及物動詞，在現(xiàn)代英語中主要用于借喻，指“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，產生”。 (2)arouse 是及物動詞，指“喚醒，激起”，后常跟抽象名詞。 (3)rise是不及物動詞，使用范圍較廣，指“升起，上升，增長”，也可指“起立，起床，地位升高”等。 (4)raise 是及物動詞，用在句中，后面需跟賓語。一般指“升起，舉起，增加(程度、價格等)；提高(音量)；提出；種植(農作物)；養(yǎng)育；撫育(子女)”。 [應用2]　(1)The river is ______ after the rain. (2)He ______ his hand in the hope of being asked. (3)His strange behaviour _________ our suspicions. (4)New problems ______ every day. rising raised aroused arise 提示： 原形 過去式 過去分詞 v.ing arise(vi.) arose arisen arising arouse(vt.) aroused aroused arousing rise(vi.) rose risen rising raise(vt.) raised raised raising 高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測評·技能備考 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Don't lose heart. _________________(無論如何), you can try. 2．I'm sorry to say that I ______ (徹底地) forgot about it. 3．In most maths examinations senior high school students are allowed to use ____________ (計算器) in the exams. 4．Credit cards have brought about a ______________(革命) in people's spending habits. 5．Unfortunately, a new difficulty has ______ (出現(xiàn)了)． Anyhow/Anyway　 totally calculators revolution arisen 6．With the development of t______________， more and more practical machines have been invented. 7．P___________ speaking, I'm not in favour of the plan. 8．He's very clever and of high i_______________. 9．At first, I thought these flowers were real, but they are a_____________. 10．Which t_________ of tea do you prefer? technology　 Personally intelligence artificial type Ⅱ .單項選擇 1．While there are quite a few differences in the education systems in many countries, education is ______. A．usual　　　　　　　　 B．regular C．normal D．universal 答案：D 解析：句意：許多國家的教育體制有許多不同之處，然而教育卻是普及的。A.通常的；B.定期的，有規(guī)律的，C.正常的，D.普及的，普遍的。 2．Our school is very large. ______， the number of the students ______ 3 500. A．Together; is B．Altogether; are C．In all; are D．In total; is 答案：D 解析：in total ＝in all ＝altogether是“總共，總計”的意思。 the number of＋n. 做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 3．I am not sure whether I will have anything else to do tomorrow. ______， I will try every possible means to come to the party. A．Even though B．Anyhow C．If so D．Instead 答案：B 解析：句意為“我不敢肯定明天我是否有其他的事，但無論如何，我將盡可能來參加這個聚會”。 4．—I think he is taking an active part in social work. —I agree with you ______. A．in a way B．on the way C．by the way D．in the way 答案：A 解析：考查介詞短語。in a way “從某種意義上”，合題意。 5．You may not agree, but ______ I think she is a very good girl. A．generally B．truly C．personally D．commonly 答案：C 解析：考查副詞。表示“依個人而言”用 personally。 6．—What a beautiful day! —Yes, it's ______ that I'd like to take a walk. A．such nice weather B．so a nice weather C．such a nice weather D．so nice weather 答案：A 解析：weather 是不可數(shù)名詞，故用 such＋adj.＋weather。 7．Should the chance ______， I'd love to go abroad. A．rise B．raise C．arise D．arouse 答案：C 解析：主語為抽象名詞 the chance，故選 arise。 8．—What a noise! I can hardly stand it. —It ______ as if they are having a party next door. A．looks B．sounds C．feels D．happens 答案：B 解析：考查 It sounds as if...“聽起來像……”。 9．The terrible war lasted eight years.______， wives lost their husbands, parents lost their sons, and children lost their fathers. A．As a result B．As a result of C．Instead D．However 答案：A 解析：句子強調因果關系，排除C、D項。B項應加上賓語，即 as a result of the war。 10．Last summer I took a course on ______ poisonous gases. A．how to deal with B．what to deal with C．how to be dealt with D．what to be dealt with 答案：A 解析：考查 deal with的用法。 11．He minds so much about his position in the office that he ______ any chance to be promoted. A．watches out B．looks up C．points out D．watches for 答案：D 解析：考查短語辨析?！芭瓮?、等待提升的機會”用 watch for。watch out小心；look up 查找；point out 指出。 12．______ the help of the teacher, the student who wasn’t good at math ______ the difficult problem quickly. A．Under; worked out B．With; worked on C．Under; solved D．With; solved 答案：D 解析：solve解決。另外“在某人的幫助下”用with the help of sb.來表達。 13．In September 2008, China’s key milestone in space travel ______ when Zhai Zhigang conducted the first spacewalk. A．reached B．was reached C．has reached D．had been reached 答案：B 解析：由句中時間狀語In September 2008可知應用過去時態(tài)。另外，主語China’s key milestone與動詞reach之間為被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)。主從句動作不存在先后關系，故D項不對。 14．______ about the economic crisis that he decided to look for more information about it. A．So curious he was B．So curious was he C．Such curious he was D．Such curious was he 答案：B 解析：so＋adj./adv.做表語放在句首時，主謂倒裝。 15．－Let’s go swimming, shall we? －______. A．It’s my pleasure B．It doesn’t matter C．Yes, let’s go D．I agree with you 答案：C 解析：考查建議及應答。由于第一句是問句，需要回答，所以D項不正確。 Ⅲ .閱讀理解 A Grandpa Nybakken loved life—especially when he could play a trick on somebody. At those times, his large Norwegian frame shook with laughter while he pretended innocent surprise, exclaiming, “Oh, forevermore！” But on a cold Saturday in downtown Chicago, Grandpa felt that God played a trick on him, and Grandpa wasn't laughing. Grandpa worked as a carpenter. On this particular day, he was building some boxes for the clothes his church was sending to an orphanage abroad. On his way home, he reached into his shirt pocket to find his glasses, but they were gone. He remembered putting them there that morning, so he drove back to the church. His search proved fruitless. Suddenly, he realized what happened. The glasses had slipped out of his pocket unnoticed and fallen into one of the boxes, which he had nailed shut. His brand new glasses were heading for China! The Great Depression was at its height, and Grandpa had six children. He had spent twenty dollars for those glasses that very morning. “It's not fair，” he told God as he drove home in frustration. “I've been very faithful in giving of my time and money to your work, and now this.” Several months later, the director of the orphanage was on vacation in the United States. He wanted to visit all the churches that supported him, so he came to speak on Sunday night at my grandfather's small church in Chicago. Grandpa and his family sat in their usual seats among the small congregation (教堂會眾)． “But most of all，” he said, “I must thank you for the glasses you sent last year.” “Even if I had the money, there was simply no way of replacing those glasses. Along with not being able to see well, I experienced headaches every day, so my coworkers and I were much in prayer about this. Then your boxes arrived. When my staff removed the covers, they found a pair of glasses lying on the top.” After a long pause, he continued, “Folks, when I tried on the glasses, it was as though they had been custom—made just for me! I want to thank you for being a part of that！” The people listened, happy for the amazing glasses. But the director surely must have confused their church with another; they thought, there were no glasses on their list of items to be sent overseas. But sitting quietly in the back, with tears streaming down his face, an ordinary carpenter realized the Master Carpenter had used him in an extraordinary way. 1. Which of the following is NOT true about Grandpa Nybakken according to the passage? A. He was an outgoing man and held an active attitude towards life. B. He had a large family to support. C. He was a carpenter working in the church. D. He was a loyal Christian. 答案及解析： 1. C。 A選項根據(jù)第一段可以判斷，B選項根據(jù)Grandpa had six children可以判斷，D選項根據(jù)I've been very faithful in giving of my time and money to your work可以判斷。文章第二段只是表明祖父是個木匠，那天只是在教堂幫幫忙，并沒有說他在那工作。 2. Grandpa spent much of his time and money in church mainly to ______. A. help the priest do some religious work B. help those people in need C. make some woodwork for the church D. seek some help from God 答案及解析： 2. B。根據(jù)文章可以知道祖父信仰上帝，而上帝的工作就是福澤人們，所以他會去幫助別人。A在文章中沒有提及，C、D不是祖父的目的。 3. The people in the church but Grandpa felt confused at what the director said because ______. A. Grandpa didn't tell the director that he was the owner of the glasses B. the director wanted to return the glasses even though he liked it C. the director could not get such glasses in their own country D. the glasses were not included in the donation list 答案及解析： 3. D。根據(jù)there were no glasses on their list of items to be sent overseas” 可以判斷。 4. Who does “the Master Carpenter” in the last paragraph probably refer to? A. Grandpa's master. B. One of Grandpa's friends. C. God. D. Grandpa's coworker. 答案及解析： 4. C。答案與文章第一段中的Grandpa felt that Godplayed a trick on him相照應，最后一段中的an ordinary carpe nter指的就是祖父，the Master Carpenter指的是God，耶穌也曾是木匠。 5. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Grandfather's Life B. The Helpful Donation C. The Perfect Mistake D. An Impressive Speech 答案及解析： 5. C。根據(jù)文章的描述，祖父因為不小心把眼鏡掉進了運送募捐物品的箱子中，然而這副眼鏡卻給了受捐贈者極大的幫助。所以這是一次“美麗的失誤”。 B The largest earthquake (magnitude里氏 9.5) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile. It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacificwide tsunamis(海嘯). Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concepcion to the south end of Isla Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe－the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中). Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland. There was large damage and loss of life at Concepcion,