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111 Unit 2 Friendship-Grammar學(xué)案 一、關(guān)系代詞 　　1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語也可以省略。[eg：this is your book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置 　　2. which作賓語時(shí)，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟 　　3. 代表物時(shí)多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)等，這時(shí)的that常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí),或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級時(shí).以及先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí).還有句中前面有which時(shí),都只能用that 　　4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時(shí)，要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語 　　二、關(guān)系副詞 　　關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞 　　why=for which 　　where=to which 　　when=during which 　　whose=of which 　　1. where是關(guān)系副詞，用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句 　　2. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間［注］值得一提的是，表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo) 　　By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 　　3. whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物, 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時(shí), 可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣. 　　4. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí)，常用there is來引導(dǎo) There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說話 Some exercises 1. The teacher has two children, ___ are doctors. A.both of them B. both of the children C,both of whom D. both of who 2. Do you still remember the chicken farm___ we visited three months ago? A.where B. when C. that D. what 3.George Orwell,____was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 4.Madame Curie,for___life had once been very hard ,was successful later. A.whom B.whose C.which D.that 5. Women ___drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____don’t. A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; / 6.He was educated at a local grammar school,___he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from which 7.I still remember the persons and things___we talked about last week. A.who B. whom C. that D. which 8.The man,___car was parked on the wrong side of the road ,had to pay a fine. A. whom B. his C. whose D. which 9.He has to work on Sundays,____he doesn’t like. A. and which B. which C. and when D. when 10. Children, in my opinion,____creative ability is unthinkably rich,____is seldom taken notice of by us ,should be trained in that area. A. which; that B. which; which C, whose; which D. whose; that Answers: CCDACCCCBC 111