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111 必修一 Unit 3 Looking good , feeling good Ⅰ.單項填空 1.(2010·東北三校模擬)—Have you heard that he was admitted into Beijing University？ —Is that true？I'm glad that his efforts at last 　　　　. A.worked out　　　 　　　B.paid off C.turned out D.paid for 解析：考查動詞短語。句意：“你聽說他被北京大學錄取了嗎？”“真的嗎？我很高興他的努力最終有了回報。”pay off“得到回報，還清，償清”；work out“計算出，解決，制訂出”；turn out“結(jié)果是，證明是”；pay for“付款”。 答案：B 2.(2010·陜西西安統(tǒng)考)“It is not what you know but who you know that 　　　　 if you want to find a job in this company.”he said angrily. A.depends B.counts C.relies D.attracts 解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：他憤怒地說：“如果想要在這家公司找工作，重要的不是你懂什么，而是你認識哪個人！”count“有價值，重要”。 答案：B 3.The clouds are gathering quickly.If you must go there，you'll risk　　　　caught in the rain. A.to get B.getting C.to be got D.being got 解析：risk doing sth.“冒著……危險”。get caught in“遇上……”，是固定短語。 答案：B 4.He　　　　70 kilos.He has put on a lot of　　　　since he gave up smoking. A.weighty；weight B.weighs；weight C.weighs；weighty D.weight；weight 解析：句意：他體重為70公斤。他自從戒煙后體重增加了許多。weigh動詞，“重……”；weight名詞，“重量，分量”；weighty形容詞，“重的，沉重的”。put on/gain weight“增加體重，長胖”。 答案：B 5.(2010·浙江杭州統(tǒng)考)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months，but it will disappear 　　　　. A.in no time B.on the time C.at a time D.at one time 解析：考查介詞短語。in no time“立即，馬上”；at a time“每次”；at one time“曾經(jīng)”。 答案：A 6.My brother is tall.The little bed won't　　　　for him. A.match B.prepare C.fit D.do 解析：句意：我哥個子高，這小床對他來說不適合。match vt.“相配，配得上，比得上”。如選prepare，語態(tài)應用被動。學生易誤選C項，顯然是受了短語be fit for“對……適合，勝任……”的影響，要么won't后加be，要么去掉for。do這里是be all right“可以，好，適合”等意思，所以選D項。 答案：D 7.(2010·天津河東統(tǒng)考)The driver who died in the accident could have 　　　　，but he was sent to hospital too late. A.cured B.recovered C.survived D.rescued 解析：句意：死于意外事故的司機本來可以活下來，但是他被送到醫(yī)院太晚了。由題意可知選C項。survive“幸存，活下來”。cure“治愈”；recover“恢復”；rescue“營救”。 答案：C 8.Although many Americans move a lot，they still　　　each other's dialects. A.recognise B.know C.meet D.match 解析：句意：雖然許多美國人經(jīng)常搬家，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e彼此的方言。recognise“認出，辨出”。 答案：A 9.Life is tough in the city.In order to lose their　　　　，some people drink alcohol. A.tempers B.moods C.consciousness D.pressures 解析：句意：在城市，生活不容易，為了減壓，有些人喝酒。lose one's pressure“減小壓力”。A項“脾氣”；B項“心情，情緒”；C項“知覺，感覺”。 答案：D 10.After a fire broke out in the house，a lot of modern equipment　　　　. A.is damaged B.was damaged C.were damaged D.damaged 解析：句意：這座房子失火之后，許多現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備都損壞了。equipment是不可數(shù)名詞，和damage之間是被動關(guān)系，再根據(jù)從句的時態(tài)(過去時)判斷，應選B項。 答案：B 11.Thirty passengers were hurt，　　　　5 children. A.include B.contain C.including D.containing 解析：句意：三十位乘客受傷，包括五個孩子。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處不能用謂語形式，所以排除A、B兩項。including“包括”，containing“含有”，故選C項。 答案：C 12.She　　　　me with a difficult question. A.embarrassed B.was embarrassed C.was embarrassing D.embarrassed by 解析：句意：她出了一個難題為難我。embarrass及物動詞，“使……為難，使……尷尬”。如選B項，原句中必須去掉“me”，意義也發(fā)生了變化。 答案：A 13.The entire country was　　　　by the drought. A.effected B.acted C.affected D.afforded 解析：句意：全國都受到了旱災的影響。此題中需要及物動詞的過去分詞形式。affect vt.“影響”。effect是名詞，意思是“結(jié)果、效果、影響”，effect用作動詞時，意為“使發(fā)生，引起”；act vt.“扮演，演出”；afford是動詞，“擔負得起……”。 答案：C 14.She decided to hand in the wallet first，and 　　　　. A.so did she B.she did so C.nor did she D.nor she did 解析：句意：她決定先將錢包交上去，然后她就這樣做了。sb.＋do/did/does so“某人就這樣做了”；so＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞＋sb.“某人也如此”。 答案：B 15.Carol said the work could be done before October，　　　personally I doubt very much. A.it B.that C.when D.which 解析：which引導非限制性定語從句，代指前面說的要在十月前完成工作這件事。 答案：D Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2010·浙江六校統(tǒng)考)Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them deal with their environments better than others of their kind.This natural biological process is called adaptation.Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter， in providing protection，and in producing and protecting the young.That results in the gradual development of more and more organisms (small living things) that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way，but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class (kind).A plant，for example，depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals (無機化學物).It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals.These are general adaptations，common to most plants.In addition，there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies.Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape，and many look like a leaf or a little branch.The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings.Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting.They may adapt in their structure，function，and genetics；in their development and production of the young；and in other respects.An organism may create its own environment，as do warm-blooded mammals，which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather.Usually adaptations are an advantage，but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that，if conditions change，it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. 語篇解讀：本文為我們介紹了動植物在與大自然抗爭的過程中如何提高它們的生存能力。再次為我們詮釋了“物競天擇，適者生存”的自然規(guī)律。 1.Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may　　　　. A.help others of their kind get food，shelter and other things needed B.survive even in extremely severe conditions C.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind D.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms 解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第一句“Certain animals...environments better than others of their kind.”可知答案。 答案：C 2.In the first paragraph，the word “environments” could best be replaced by　　　　. A.contexts B.surroundings C.neighbors D.enemies 解析：細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)整篇文章的主旨——動植物對環(huán)境的適應以及常識判斷，此處是表達動植物發(fā)展一種能更好適應周圍環(huán)境的屬性。surroundings“環(huán)境”，contexts“(事情發(fā)展的)背景，來龍去脈”。 答案：B 3.It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored　　　　. A.to frighten its enemies B.to attract its enemies C.to adjust its body heat D.to match its environment 解析：推理判斷題。由第三段第一句“Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies.”以及下面所舉的例子可知，鳥的羽毛變色是為了和周圍環(huán)境的顏色相搭配，以迷惑敵人，保護自己。故選D。 答案：D 4.Which of the following is not directly mentioned？ A.A living thing may adapt in its structure. B.An organism may adapt in its function. C.A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup. D.A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit. 解析：細節(jié)判斷題。由文章最后一段可以找到和A、B、C相關(guān)的信息，文章里沒有和D相關(guān)的信息。 答案：D B Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you，specifically，what the values are which Americans live by.They have never given the matter any thought. Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States.This has caused me to try to look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors.I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all) Americans，and that understanding these values can help you，the international visitor，understand Americans. It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans，they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions—actions which might otherwise appear “strange”，“confusing”，or “unbelievable” when evaluated from the perspective (aspect) of the foreigner's own society and its values. The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs，assumptions and values of that particular group.When you encounter (meet) an action，or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you，try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet. 語篇解讀：本文是為一本介紹美國人的價值觀的小冊子所寫的序。在文中作者告訴我們美國人對價值觀的認識、小冊子的內(nèi)容以及了解美國人價值觀的必要性。 5.An ordinary American can't tell you his/her value system because　　　　. A.this is something an American lives by B.everyone will have his/her own system C.he/she has never thought about it D.values are something often in their thought 解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句“They have never given the matter any thought.”可知答案。 答案：C 6.The author lists 13 values in his booklet to　　　　. A.invite foreigners to visit America B.look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors C.describe the confusing actions of most Americans D.help international visitors understand Americans 解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句話“...understanding these values can help you，the international visitor，understand Americans.”可找出答案。 答案：D 7.The underlined word “ingrained” in Line 2，Paragraph 3 most probably means　　　　. A.rooted in the minds B.found in the grains C.planted for food D.prepared with grain 解析：推理判斷題。由第三段“...，they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions...”可知該詞是指長期以來所具有的、能體現(xiàn)美國人特點的含義。所以A比較接近這個語境。而B、C、D是從單詞本身的grain來解釋的，不符合語境。 答案：A 8.Visitors sometimes find Americans behave in a strange，confusing or unbelievable way，probably because　　　　. A.Americans are hard to understand B.Americans have values which are entirely different from their own C.they view Americans according to the values in their own society D.it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them 解析：細節(jié)判斷題。由第三段最后一句可知，如果根據(jù)外國人自己的社會和價值觀來評定美國人的行為，就感覺是“奇怪的”、“令人迷惑的”、“難以置信的”故選C。 答案：C 111