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111 高考英語一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版必修五Module 1 知識詳解 1.compare　v．　比較，匹敵，比喻；相比 n．　比較 (回歸課本P2)Prepositions，too，can be different：compare on the team，on the weekend(American)with in the team，at the weekend(British)． 介詞的用法也有所不同：比較一下on the team，on the weekend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。 11 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Don’t compare your disadvantages with others’ strong points. 不要拿自己的缺點(diǎn)與別人的優(yōu)勢相比。 ②Walking can’t compare with flying. 走不能和飛相提并論。 ③Compared to/with her mother，she is tall. 和她媽媽比較起來，她算是很高了。 ④The two men look over the papers，compare notes and make several telephone calls. 兩人瀏覽文書，商量了一番，打了幾個電話。 ⑤(高考遼寧卷)Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood，compared with an average of more than 2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school. 有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人在童年時代每周平均看不到兩個小時的電視，相比較，沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的平均多于兩個半小時。 【即境活用】 1.(高考重慶卷)Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，________ with his old one. A．comparing　　　　　　B．compares C．to compare D．compared 解析：選D。句意是：與邁克爾的舊房子相比，他的新房子就像是一座巨大的宮殿。compare與house是被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞形式作狀語。 2．(江蘇蘇北四市模擬)________ his grades with Arnold’s，George was quite satisfied. A．Compared B．To compare C．Comparing D．Compare 解析：選C。從邏輯關(guān)系分析，此處的非謂語動詞和George是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，所以使用表示主動的v.-ing形式。 2.differ　vi.　不同，相異 (回歸課本P2)The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. 另外兩個不同之處是拼寫和發(fā)音。 【歸納總結(jié)】 differ from＝be different from與……不同 differ in 在……方面不同 differ with/from sb. about/on/over sth. 關(guān)于某事與某人意見不同 【例句探源】 ①The conditions of our classroom have differed from what you saw five years ago. 我們教室的條件已經(jīng)與五年前你看到的情況大不一樣了。 ②The two girls are similar in appearance，but they differ in voice and disposition. 這兩個女孩在外表上相似，但聲音與性格卻不同。 ③Mary differed with her husband on whether to buy a new car.瑪麗和丈夫?qū)κ欠褓I一輛新車有不同意見。 【即境活用】 3.Leaves are found on all kinds of trees，but they differ greatly ________ size and shape. A．on　　　　　　　　　B．from C．by D．in 解析：選D。differ in“在某方面不同”。 4．(煙臺市模擬)They ________ each other in that they are both bareheaded with sunglasses. A．differ B．modify C．resemble D．classify 解析：選C?？疾閯釉~辨析。句意：“他們的相似之處在于，他倆都光著頭，戴著墨鏡。”differ后面要使用介詞from，表示“和……不同”。 3.present　vt.　陳述，講演；提出(觀點(diǎn)，計劃等) adj.　在場的；出席的；現(xiàn)在的 n．　禮物；贈品；現(xiàn)在 (回歸課本P8)Present your ideas to the rest of the class. 把你的觀點(diǎn)陳述給班里的其他同學(xué)。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①There were in all 700 students present at the meeting. 總共有700名學(xué)生出席了這場會議。 ②(牛津P1562)The committee will present its final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將于六月向議會提交最后的報告。 ③(朗文P1544)Ms.Hellman is busy at present，can she ring you later? 赫爾曼女士現(xiàn)在正忙著，讓她過一會兒給你回電話好嗎？ ④On Teachers’ Day，some students presented their teachers with some flowers. 在教師節(jié)那天，有些學(xué)生給他們的老師獻(xiàn)了花。 【即境活用】 5．The worker ________ his ideas to the manager very clearly. A．preserved　　　　　　B．presented C．provided D．supplied 解析：選B。present sth. to sb.向某人陳述……。 4.attempt　v．　試圖，企圖 n．　企圖，努力，嘗試 (回歸課本P9)Can you see any similarities between Webster’s work and attempts to simplify Chinese? 你能看出韋伯斯特的工作和嘗試簡化漢語之間的相似之處嗎？ 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①He attempted to become a volunteer for the 16th Asian Games，but failed for his poor English. 他曾試圖成為一名第16屆亞洲運(yùn)動會的志愿者，但因英語差沒能實(shí)現(xiàn)。 ②(牛津P110)Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.為削減費(fèi)用，關(guān)閉了兩家工廠。 ③His parents made an attempt to send their son abroad for further education.他父母曾試圖送他出國深造。 【易混辨析】 attempt，try，manage (1)attempt 常含有希望成功，但并不一定取得預(yù)期的結(jié)果之意。 (2)try意為“嘗試，試用”，含有通過各種方法，盡力把事情做好或達(dá)到目的之意。 (3)manage強(qiáng)調(diào)成功做成了某事。manage to do sth.＝succeed in doing sth.。 ①The campaign has certainly managed to raise public awareness of the issue. ②I’ve tried really hard but I can’t persuade him to come. ③He attempted a joke，but no one laughed. 【即境活用】 6.Shelly had worked hard for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it at her first________. A．practice　　　　　　　　B．risk C．a(chǎn)ttempt D．a(chǎn)ct 解析：選C。句意是：Shelly努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備生物考試，她相信她第一次就能通過這次考試。此句要用at one’s first attempt表示“第一次嘗試”。practice練習(xí)；risk冒險；act行動。 7．(安徽合肥高校附中聯(lián)考)The young man is being questioned by the police in relation to the ________ murder last night. A．a(chǎn)dvised B．a(chǎn)ttended C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．a(chǎn)ttempted 解析：選D。句意“這位年輕人就昨晚的未遂謀殺案接受警察詢問?！? 5.have...in common　有相同的特點(diǎn) (回歸課本P1)We have really everything in common with America nowadays，except of course，language. 當(dāng)然，除了語言外，如今我們確實(shí)在所有方面都和美國一樣。 【歸納總結(jié)】 common n．共同點(diǎn)adj.大量的；類似的；通常的 have a lot/much/a great deal in common with 與……有很多共同之處 have not much/nothing/little in common with 與……沒多少/沒有/很少有共同之處 in common 共有；共用 in common with sb./sth. 與……一樣 out of(the)common 不尋常的 be common for sb. 對某人來說是共有(同)的/常見的 【例句探源】 ①This dish is very common in my hometown. 這道菜在我的家鄉(xiāng)很常見。 ②(朗文P394)All these companies have one thing in common：they deal in small，inexpensive consumer items. 所有這些公司都有一個共同點(diǎn)：他們都經(jīng)營廉價的小商品。 ③We found that we had a lot in common and got on well. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)彼此有很多共同點(diǎn)，很合得來。 ④In common with a lot of other countries，we’re facing a lot of economic challenges. 同許多別的國家一樣，我國也面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)。 【即境活用】 8.In ________，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice. A．common　　　　　　　　B．total C．general D．particular 解析：選C。in general一般來說；in common共同地；in total總共；in particular特別地。 9．Experts warn that global warming will cause dramatic climate changes including more ________ floods，heat waves and droughts. A．frequent B．usual C．ordinary D．common 解析：選A?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意：專家警告說全球變暖將導(dǎo)致顯著的氣候變化，包括更頻繁的洪水、熱浪和干旱。frequent頻繁的；usual通常的；ordinary普通的，平凡的；common共同的。根據(jù)句意，可知此處用frequent。 6.lead to　引起，導(dǎo)致；通向；相連 (回歸課本P3)But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. 但是這也致使許多美國英語單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)傳入英國英語，以至于現(xiàn)在有一些人相信英國英語將要消失。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The street leads you to the station. 你沿這條街走就可以到達(dá)車站。 ②(牛津P1146)Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用過多的糖會引起健康問題。 ③Our English teacher has a strange way of leading us to study English actively. 我們的英語老師有一種奇特的方法促使我們很積極地學(xué)習(xí)英語。 ④The evidence leads me to a different conclusion. 這個證據(jù)使我得出一個不同的結(jié)論。 【即境活用】 10.We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only ________ violence. A．runs into　　　　　　B．comes from C．leads to D．begins with 解析：選C。句意：我們堅信戰(zhàn)爭永遠(yuǎn)不能解決任何問題。它只能導(dǎo)致暴力。 11．I was ________ to the conclusion that eating too much fat can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A．led；lead B．leading；lead to C．leading；lead D．led；lead to 解析：選D?！暗贸鼋Y(jié)論吃太多脂肪可引起心臟病”。 7.make a difference　有影響，使不相同 (回歸課本P1)It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English. 老師講英國英語還是美國英語并沒有太大的區(qū)別。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①I don’t think what he said will make any difference. 我認(rèn)為他說的話不會起什么作用。 ②It makes no difference whether you will come or not. 你來不來沒什么區(qū)別。 ③It makes much difference to us whether you can finish it on time. 你是否能按時完成它與我們有很大的關(guān)系。 ④(朗文P518)Having a good teacher has made all the difference for Alex. 亞歷克斯有個好老師后情況完全不一樣了。 ⑤What difference will it make if she doesn’t come to help us? 如果她不來幫助我們，這有影響嗎？ 【即境活用】 12.You can ask him again if you like，but it won’t make any ________—he’ll still say no. A．a(chǎn)djustment　　　　　B．difference C．contribution D．decision 解析：選B。make some difference為固定搭配，意為“有區(qū)別，有意義”；此處為否定句，故some應(yīng)變?yōu)閍ny。 13．(江蘇蘇北四市模擬)—Tom，what a pity！I almost succeeded yesterday. —________.I told you to be careful before. A．One false step will make a great difference B．Where there’s life，there’s hope C．Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today D．One tree does not make a forest 解析：選A。從語境分析，此處用A，表示“一步失誤，將造成很大的差別?！币部梢岳斫獬伞耙皇ё愠汕Ч藕蕖！? 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.(P2) 倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話要比聽懂紐約人說話更難。 【句法分析】 (2)There is (some)difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困難 (3)(do sth.)without/with difficulty 毫不費(fèi)力/費(fèi)力地(做某事) (4)類似的句型有： ①I have difficulty (in)telling the difference between the twin sisters.辨別這對雙胞胎姐妹對我來說很困難。 ②There is no difficulty for you in being admitted into a teachers’ college.對你來講，被一所師范學(xué)院錄取沒什么困難。 ③(朗文P519)With difficulty，we hauled it up the stairs. 我們費(fèi)力地把它拖上了樓梯。 ④I had to sell my sewing machine when we got into difficulty with an electric bill. 我們付不起電費(fèi)時，我不得不把縫紉機(jī)賣掉。 ⑤Wall Street has much difficulty in dealing with finance. 華爾街在財政方面遇到好多困難。 【即境活用】 14．(高考上海卷)I had great difficulty ________ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A．find　　　　　　　　B．found C．to find D．finding 解析：選D。句意：在那個餐館，我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。have difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing...做……有困難，是固定搭配，所以選D項。 15.You can imagine the difficulty they have ________ such a large population. A．fed B．to feed C．feeding D．been fed 解析：選C。句意是：你能夠想象到他們供應(yīng)那么多的人吃飯所遇到的困難。they have ________ such a large population是定語從句，修飾difficulty。difficulty是have的賓語。它們構(gòu)成了have difficulty (in)doing...句式。故選C項。 2.【教材原句】　The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them.(P2) 英國人用介詞的地方美國人有時候可能會省略。 【句法分析】　where在此處引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語從句。where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句位置較為靈活。 ①Springs are very short where she lives. 在她住的地方春天很短暫。 ②Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.不屈不撓者從他人失敗的地方獲取成功。 ③Where there is a life，there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。 where引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別： (1)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，where是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其前面有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。 (2)where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，where是從屬連詞，where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞，where前面沒有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。 (3)有時，where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句兼有抽象含義，可放在主句的前面，而where引導(dǎo)的定語從句則不能。 (4)在有些情況下，where引導(dǎo)的定語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。 ④The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.我買這本書的那個書店離這里不遠(yuǎn)。 ⑤Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑問的地方作一個記號。 ⑥Where there is a will，there is a way. [諺語]有志者事竟成。 ⑦Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. ＝Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.溫暖而多雨的地方最適合竹子生長。 【即境活用】 16.A forest is usually found ________ heavy rainfall is frequent. A．there B．which C．because D．where 解析：選D。句意是：在經(jīng)常下大雨的地方通常會發(fā)現(xiàn)森林。此句要用where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，表示“在……地方”。 17．(高考山東卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________ she was and wait for her mother. A．where B．what C．how D．who 解析：選A。句意：那個迷路的小女孩決定待在原地等她的母親。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。 111