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111 選修6　Unit 1 Art 　 要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考 ●重點單詞 1．a(chǎn)bstract adj.抽象的；深奧的 n．摘要 2．faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠實的→faithfully adv.忠實地 3．a(chǎn)im n．目標；目的 vi. & vt.瞄準；(向某方向)努力 4．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的 5．a(chǎn)dopt vt.采用；采納；收養(yǎng) 6．possess vt.擁有；具有；支配→possession n．擁有 7．coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同時發(fā)生的；同一時間發(fā)生的 8．a(chǎn)ttempt n．努力；嘗試；企圖 vt.嘗試；企圖 9．predict vt.預(yù)言；預(yù)告；預(yù)測→prediction n．預(yù)言→predictor n．預(yù)言者 10．specific adj.確切的；特定的 11．exhibition n．展覽；陳列；展覽會 12．preference n．喜愛；偏愛→prefer v．喜愛 13．a(chǎn)ppeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt.將……上訴 n．呼吁；懇求 14．civilization n．文明；文化；文明社會→civilize v．使文明；使開化 15．visual adj.視覺的；看得見的→invisual adj.看不見的 16．contemporary adj.當(dāng)代的；同時代的 ●重點短語 1．concentrate on　　　　集中 2．a(chǎn)s well as 也；還；而且 3．by coincidence 巧合地 4．a(chǎn) great deal 大量 5．lead to 導(dǎo)致 6．scores_of... 大量的…… 7．on the other hand (可是)另一方面 8．in the flesh 活著的；本人 9．have a preference for 偏愛 10．a(chǎn)ppeal to (對某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感興趣 11．lie in 在于；位于 ●重點句型 1．If the rules of perspective had not been discovered,_no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法，就沒有人能畫出如此逼真的畫。 2．Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists,_who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家。 3．Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.許多藝術(shù)愛好者寧愿參觀這個小藝術(shù)館而不參觀紐約其他的藝術(shù)館。 4．It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.令人驚奇的是，從19世紀后期到21世紀的如此眾多的藝術(shù)名品竟都被同一家博物館收藏。 ●高考范文 (2008·湖北) 假設(shè)你是卜曼宜，你購買了一部某外國公司生產(chǎn)的手機，因有質(zhì)量問題，要求該公司更換。請根據(jù)下列要點，用英文寫一封電子郵件。 要點：1.問題：手機不響鈴，不能發(fā)短信；該產(chǎn)品已售完，無法更換；型號新，無配件，無法維修。 2．要求：公司應(yīng)盡快予以更換。 注意：1.詞數(shù)為100左右； 2．參考詞匯：配件spare part； 3．電子郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好(不計入你所寫詞數(shù))。 Dear Sir， I am writing to you for the mobile phone of DephoneS250 I bought on 20th Apr. 2008 at Tele Mall in Wuhan, China. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely yours， Bu Manyi [范文] Dear_Sir， I_am_writing_to_you_for_the_mobile_phone_of_DephoneS250_I_bought_on_20th_Apr._2008_at_Tele_Mall_in_Wuhan,_China. Ten days after that, it didn't ring or send short messages. Then I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one. Later I went to the repairman. He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. I was so desperate on hearing that. How can I wait that long? Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month. Thank_you_for_your_consideration. Sincerely_yours， Bu_Manyi 考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考 Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關(guān) 1．a(chǎn)im n．&v. 瞄準；對準；目標 miss one‘s aim 未擊中目標 have a high aim in life 胸懷大志 achieve one’s aim 達到目的 take aim at 向……瞄準 without aim 漫無目的 with the aim of doing sth. 意在做某事 aim at/for sth. 致力于，意欲，旨在 aim to do sth. 旨在干……；以……為目標be aimed at 對象是；針對 [即學(xué)即練1](1)She went to London ______ ______ ______ ______ finding a job. 她去倫敦是為了找工作。 (2)Bob‘s one ______ ______ ______ is to earn a lot of money. 鮑勃唯一的一個人生目標就是掙很多的錢。 with the aim of aim in life　 (3)They‘re ________ ______ training everybody by the end of the year. 他們力求做到在年底前人人得到培訓(xùn)。 (4)These measures are ______ ______ preventing violent crime.這些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。 aiming at aimed at 2．a(chǎn)dopt vt.采納；采用；收養(yǎng) adopt an approach/strategy/policy 采用某方法/戰(zhàn)略/政策 an adopted son養(yǎng)子 [即學(xué)即練2](1)The couple couldn’t have children of their own so they __________ ______ ________ ______ ______. 這對夫婦沒有自己的孩子，所以他們收養(yǎng)了兩個孩子。 adopted a couple of kids (2)Circumstances will force us finally to _________ ______ _________.形勢將最終迫使我們采取這項方針。 (3)Our school has _________ ______ ______ __________ __________. 我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)采用了新的教學(xué)方法。 (4)We’d like to _________ ______ ______. 我們愿意采納你的看法。 adopt this policy adopted a new teaching method adopt your idea 提示：adopt/adapt 這兩個單詞僅有一個字母之差，要注意它們含義的區(qū)別。 adopt采用，采納；收養(yǎng)；正式通過 adapt改編；使適應(yīng) 3．possess vt. 擁有，占有 possession n. 擁有，占有，所有，[pl.]財產(chǎn) come into one‘s possession 被某人占有；落入某人之手 take/get/gain possession of 拿到……；占有；占領(lǐng) in possession of 擁有；持有 in the possession of sb./in one's possession 為某人所有 be possessed of 具有(某品質(zhì)) [即學(xué)即練3](1)That top secret document has ______ ______ ______ ____________. 那份絕密文件已被她拿到。 (2)Our forces ______ ____________ ______ the hill. 我們的部隊占領(lǐng)了那座小山。 (3)He is ______ lawful ______ _____________ a shotgun. 他合法地持有獵槍。 come into her possession took possession of in of possession (4)The rare stamp is ______ ______ ___________ ______ an unknown collector. 那張珍貴的郵票為一位不知名的收藏家所擁有。 (5)He lost ______ ______ ___________ in the fire. 在那場火災(zāi)中他失去全部財產(chǎn)。 in the possession of all his possessions 4．a(chǎn)ttempt vt.&vi.試圖；企圖 n．努力；嘗試；企圖 attempted adj. 未遂的 attempt to do sth. 試圖做某事(＝try/seek to do) make an/no attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 企圖/沒 有企圖做某事 in an attempt to do/at doing sth. 為了做某事 at the first attempt 首次嘗試 an attempted murder/suicide 謀殺/自殺未遂 [即學(xué)即練4](1)He ______ ______ ______ to climb the mountain but failed.他企圖要爬上這座山，但失敗了。 (2)I ___________ ______ ______ but was stopped. 我想走但被攔住了。 (3)I passed my driving test ______ ______ ______ ________.我考汽車駕駛執(zhí)照時一次就通過了。 made an attempt attempted to leave at the first attempt (4)He was accused of __________ __________. 他被控告謀殺未遂。 attempted murder 5．a(chǎn)ppeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt.將……上訴 appeal to對……有吸引力；呼吁；上訴；引起……的興趣 appeal to sb. for sth.請求某人某事 appeal for sth.呼吁某事；請求給予某物 appeal to/for sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 make an appeal for sb. to do sth.呼吁某人做某事 [即學(xué)即練5](1)Her sense of humour _________ ______ ______ enormously.她的幽默感強烈地吸引住了他。 (2)She _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ against her sentence.她不服判決而向高等法院上訴。 appealed to him appealed to the high court (3)The government is ________ ______ the public ______ help for those who lost their homes in the flood. ＝______ ______ ______ ______ ______ by the government for help for those who lost their homes in the flood. 政府正在呼吁公眾對在水災(zāi)中喪失家園的人給予援助。 appealing to for An appeal is being made 6．a(chǎn) great deal 大量，非常(多做賓語，也可修飾形容詞以及副詞的比較級) a great deal of 很多，大量(后接不可數(shù)名詞) [即學(xué)即練6](1)He knew ______ ______ ______ more than I did.他懂的比我多得多。 (2)He is ______ ______ ______ more experienced in it than I. 這方面他比我的經(jīng)驗多得多。 a great deal great a deal (3)______ ______ ______ ______ their work is unpaid. 他們很多工作都是沒有報酬的。 A great deal of 拓展： a great/good deal of＋不可數(shù)名詞　許多；大量 a large amount of＋不可數(shù)名詞　許多 a great/good many＋可數(shù)名詞　許多 a great/good number of＋可數(shù)名詞　許多 plenty of＋可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞　許多 a lot of(＝lots of)＋可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞　許多 7．on the other hand(可是)另一方面 on(the) one hand..., on the other hand...(引出不同 的，尤指對立的觀點、思想等)一方面……，另一方面(卻)…… first(ly)．..; second(ly)．..第一……；第二…… for one thing..., for another...一則……，二則…… [即學(xué)即練7](1)He was praised by his teacher ______ ______ ______ ______， but blamed by his friends ______ ______ ______ ______. 一方面，他受到了老師的表揚，但另一方面，又受到了朋友的責(zé)怪。 (2)He’s an able man, but ______ ______ ______ ______ he demands too much of people. 他是一位能干的人，但是另一方面，他對人要求太高了。 on the one hand on the other hand on the other hand (3)I’m not going to buy it, ______ ______ ______ I don’t like the colour, and ______ ______ it’s far too expensive. 我不買這東西，一是我不喜歡這顏色，二是太貴了。 for one thing for another 8．scores of 許多；大量 dozens of　　許多，大量 tens of　　數(shù)十(個等) hundreds of　　許多，數(shù)百 thousands of 許多，成千上萬 tens of thousands of 大量，無數(shù)，數(shù)以萬計的 millions of 大量，無數(shù)，數(shù)百萬 billions of 大量，無數(shù)，數(shù)十億 [即學(xué)即練8](1)_________ ______ people are in line for food.很多人在排隊等候食物。 (2)We have _________ ______ things to do now. 我們現(xiàn)在有很多事要做。 (3)Men have been making music for ___________ ______ years.人類創(chuàng)作音樂已有數(shù)千年的歷史了。 Scores of dozens of thousands of 提示：(1)score意為“二十”，當(dāng)前面有數(shù)字時，本身不能加s，名詞前常加of。如：two score of books 40本書。 (2)dozen意為“十二”，當(dāng)前面有數(shù)字時，本身也不能加s，名詞前有修飾詞，則加of，否則一般不加。如： two dozen eggs兩打雞蛋 two dozen of these eggs兩打這樣的雞蛋 Ⅱ.重點句型詳解 1．Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. 在這些脫離傳統(tǒng)繪畫風(fēng)格的畫家中就有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派藝術(shù)家們。 此句是一個倒裝句，正常語序應(yīng)為The Impressionists who lived and worked in Paris were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.此句為表語部分提前而引起的倒裝。 ①Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes. 一個靦腆的長著兩只大眼睛的女孩坐在屋子的后面。 ②Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.婦女受歧視的年代一去不復(fù)返了。 [即境活用1]　Present at the meeting ______. A．Mr. Liu was, who taught us English B．was Mr. Liu, who taught us English C．was who taught us English, Mr. Liu D．Mr. Liu, who taught us English, was 答案：B 2．It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. 令人感到驚奇的是同一家博物館中收藏了那么多偉大的從19世紀晚期至21世紀的藝術(shù)作品。 it在句中做形式主語，真正的主語是 that 從句。it做形式主語，可以代替不定式、動名詞、從句，置于句首，無意義，使句式結(jié)構(gòu)更平衡。常見句型有： (1)It is important (easy, hard, difficult, possible, necessary...) for sb. to do sth. (2)It is a pity (a shame, a pleasure, one's duty, bad manners...) for sb. to do sth. (3)It is kind (nice, wise, brave, silly, polite, friendly...) of sb. to do sth. (4)It's a pity (a shame, a fact, a wonder...) that... (5)It is strange (obvious, true, good, possible, likely, clear...) that... (6)It seems (happens, turns out, occurs to me...) that... (7)It is said (reported, decided, expected...) that... ①It is nice of you to give us so much help. 你這么幫助我們真是太好了。 ②It‘s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier. 真可惜我沒有早想起來。 ③It is reported that the production has been put into use. 據(jù)報道，這種產(chǎn)品已投入使用。 [即境活用2]The foreign minister said, “______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A．This is　　　　　　　 B．There is C．That is D．It is 解析：it做形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句做真正的主語。 答案：D 易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考 1. attempt/try/manage (1)attempt正式用語，常指一次的而不是繼續(xù)的嘗試，往往暗示這種嘗試達不到目的，常包含“冒險”意義。 (2)try通俗用語，指為成功做某事而付出努力或花費一定代價，后接不定式表示“試圖做某事”，后接動名詞表“試著做某事”。 (3)manage“成功地做成某事”，強調(diào)結(jié)果。 [應(yīng)用1]　(1)All the students ____________ to pass the exam. (2)The prisoner ___________ an escape, but failed. (3)We should ______ our best to catch up with others. managed attempted try 2. predict/forecast/foresee (1)predict強調(diào)把預(yù)見的事情說出來。 (2)foresee指預(yù)告，強調(diào)預(yù)先感覺到事情的發(fā)生。 (3)forecast主要指預(yù)報天氣，也可指預(yù)測可能發(fā)生的事。 [應(yīng)用2]　(1)Earthquakes can’t be prevented, but they can be ____________.地震不能預(yù)防，但能夠預(yù)測。 (2)It is ___________ that it will rain tomorrow. 據(jù)預(yù)報明天有雨。 (3)No one can ___________what the outcome of the election will be.沒有人能預(yù)測選舉結(jié)果。 predicted forecast foresee 高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測評·技能備考 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Some fortune－tellers say that they can p_________ future events. 2．A good salesperson has to be a___________ in today's competitive market. 3．With the development of the society, there are no p_____________ jobs any more. 4．Have you seen the e__________ of paintings by Picasso? 5．The tree cast its s _____________ on the lake. predict aggressive permanent exhibition shadow 6．Don't be __________ (荒唐的)! You can't pay ￡50 for a T－shirt! 7．Environmental damage threatens the whole _________ (文明)． 8．It was ______(典型的) of her to forget. 9．He came here without friends or _____________ (財產(chǎn)) and made his fortune. 10．The greatest ______ (學(xué)者) can't solve this difficult problem. ridiculous　 civilization typical possessions scholar Ⅱ .單項選擇 1．—Would you rather ______ there tomorrow? —No, I'd rather he ______ there instead of me. A．to go; will go　　　　B．go; went C．go; will go D．going; shall go 答案：B 解析：本題考查 would rather 后要用動詞原形以及從句中的動詞形式。 2．______them have been to New York______. A．Scores; dozen of times B．Dozens of; score of times C．Scores of; dozens of times D．Two scores of; two dozens of times 答案：C 解析：當(dāng) score, dozen 前無具體數(shù)字修飾時，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且必須和 of連用，構(gòu)成 dozens of, scores of，表示“許多，大量”。而D項中的 score與 dozen 不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因前面有具體數(shù)字。句意為：“他們中有許多人已去過紐約許多次。” 3．Jerry works out every morning, ______ a weight loss of ten pounds. A．putting forward B．relying on C．setting foot in D．a(chǎn)iming at 答案：D 解析：考查動詞短語。aim at doing sth. “目的是/旨在……”。put forward 提出；rely on 依賴；set foot in 踏入。 4．I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment. A．in other words B．on the other hand C．for one thing D．a(chǎn)s a matter of fact 答案：B 解析：本題意思是“我喜歡酬勞更多的工作，但是從另一方面來說，我很滿意我現(xiàn)在正在做的工作”。in other words 換句話說；on the other hand另一方面；for one thing 首先；as a matter of fact 事實上。從邏輯上來講，A、C、D都不正確。 5．Can they take ______ of that house if we fail to reach an agreement with them? A．notice B．hold C．possession D．care 答案：C 解析：take possession of “占有，擁有”，合題意。take notice of 注意；take hold of 抓??；take care of 照顧。 6．He ______ to escape from the prison, but he couldn't find anybody to help him. A．succeeded B．a(chǎn)ttempted C．a(chǎn)dvised D．offered 答案：B 解析：succeed 后不接不定式做賓語，“成功地做某事”應(yīng)為 succeed in doing sth.；advise doing sth. (建議做某事)；offer to do sth. (主動幫助做某事)；attempt to do sth. 意為“盡力去做，但不一定成功”。 7．—How do you like the film? —Oh, it is wonderful. People here think ______ of it. A．a(chǎn) number B．a(chǎn) great deal C．a(chǎn) great many D．a(chǎn) plenty 答案：B 解析：此處 think a great deal of 相當(dāng)于 think much of“評價很高”。 8．French fashionable dress has been ______ by people in many parts of the world. A．a(chǎn)dopting B．a(chǎn)dopted C．a(chǎn)dapted D．a(chǎn)dapting 答案：B 解析：句意：法國時尚時裝被世界許多地方的人采用。adopt采納，接受；adapt改編，適應(yīng)。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。 9．Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting. A．normal B．ordinary C．common D．typical 答案：D 解析：句意：杰克又遲到了，讓別人等他是他的典型特點。typical典型的，符合句意，而normal普通，正規(guī)的；ordinary正常的；common共同的。均不合句意。 10．(2010·長春調(diào)研)The Harry Potter books ______ to readers of all ages. A．a(chǎn)ttract B．pay attention C．a(chǎn)ppeal D．a(chǎn)ttach 答案：C 解析：哈利·波特系列叢書吸引了不同年齡段的讀者。appeal to“吸引”，符合題意。 11．The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ______ didn’t help. A．it B．she C．which D．he 答案：A 解析：此處it指代前面句子的內(nèi)容。此題易誤選which，引導(dǎo)一個非限定性定語從句，因前面已有連詞，故不用which。 12．(2010·福建六校三聯(lián))It was the skills ______ he had acquired at his training period ______ enabled him to get such a high post in that world－famous company. A．that; what B．what; that C．that; that D．that; which 答案：C 解析：考查定語從句和強調(diào)句。第一空的that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作acquired的賓語；第二空的that與句首的It was構(gòu)成強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。 13．It seems quite ______ to expect a student to acquire so many fresh skills within such a short period. A．urgent B．a(chǎn)vailable C．scary D．ridiculous 答案：D 解析：句意：那似乎是荒謬的，指望一個學(xué)生在如此短的時間內(nèi)掌握這么多新技能。ridiculous 荒謬的，可笑的；urgent 緊急的；available可用的；scary 嚇人的。 14．If it were not for the fact that I ______ very busy, I would go with you. A．a(chǎn)m B．was C．were D．should be 答案：A 解析：if 從句用了虛擬語氣，但 the fact 的同位語從句中不用虛擬，故選A。 15．______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A．If it is not B．Were it not C．Had it not been D．If they were not 答案：C 解析：主句 would have done表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故 if從句應(yīng)用 had done, 其中 if可以省略，變?yōu)榈寡b句。 Ⅲ .閱讀理解 A The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched(草蓋的) roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm building—these are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside. Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles. Although thatch has always been used for cottages and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too. Thatching is a solitary(獨自的) craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full－time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter. In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often unwilling to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done in the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years and is an effective defence against the heat. 1．Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside? A．Cottages with thatched roofs. B．Churches with cottages around them. C．Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings. D．Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses. 2．What do we know about thatching as a craft? A．It is quite different from what it used to be. B．It is in most cases handed down among family members. C．It is practiced on farms all over England. D．It is a short－term activity. 3．Thatched houses are still preferred because of ______. A．their beautiful colors B．their easy maintenance C．their cheap and ready－made materials D．their style and comfort 4．People in developing countries also live under thatch because ______. A．they like thatched houses better than other buildings B．thatch is an effective defence against the heat C．thatched roof houses are the cheapest D．thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction B The snow has paralysed(使癱瘓) transport in China during the country's most important vacation period, the celebration of the Chinese New Year. Not only have transport delays hindered personal trips, but they have also slowed the delivery of fresh produce to markets. Consequently, in Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan Province, tomato prices have doubled, and the cost of 47 other vegetables has increased by 36%, as reported by local media at the end of January. According to an inside PR source, “wholesalers in Beijing were quoted as saying that only about 20% of the usual fresh vegetable supplies were reaching the city.” As an Asian country with a diet based on fresh produce, the shortage of vegetables and the rise in prices is not only affecting fresh food producers, but also the final consumers. In terms of production, this is the worst snow disaster to hit China in the last 50 years, affecting a total of 9.4 million hectares of farmland in the country, according to a report published on 4 February 2008 by Feng Tao of Xinhua News, at the Chinese government website. Most of the crops devastated(毀壞) by the frost are located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the traditional natural border between North and South China. Chen Xiwen, Director of the Office of the Central Leading Group on Rural Work, pointed out at the end of last week that “the blizzard disaster in the south has had a severe impact on winter crops, and the impact on fresh vegetables could be catastrophic in certain areas”， as stated in the Xinhua News report. The Chinese government has been quick to take extreme measures. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) has sent 13 teams of experts to 8 of the areas most seriously affected by the harsh weather. The aim of this initiative is to provide farmers with technical assistance to minimize their losses. 5. From this passage, we c