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111 Teaching goals 教學(xué)目標 1. Target language 目標語言 a. 重點詞匯和短語 volcano, erupt, compare with, hurricane, adventure, bored, excite, evaluate, unfortunately, burn to the ground, eruption, fountain, absolutely, fantastic, made one’s way, potential, impressive b. 重點句式 P34 1. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. P34 2. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. P34 3. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful natural forces on earth — the volcano. P34 2. Ability goals 能力目標 Enable the students to learn about the powerful natural force — volcano and the work of an volcanologist. 3. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標 Help the students learn how to analyze the way the writer describes his exciting job. Teaching important points 教學(xué)重點 Read the text and answer the questions in Comprehending Exercise 2. Teaching difficult points 教學(xué)難點 Retell the writer’s first sight of Mount Kilauea eruption. Teaching methods 教學(xué)方法 Discussion, reading, speaking and cooperative learning. Teaching aids 教具準備 A projector and some slides. Teaching procedures && ways 教學(xué)過程與方式 Step ⅠWarming Up Lead the students to the topic by telling them a story. Then get the students to describe a volcano eruption according to the diagram. After they are familiar with the topic, let them list some other powerful natural forces and discuss the ways human beings protect themselves from the natural forces. T: Listen to me carefully. I will tell you a story about a strange city. The strange city named Pompeii is a dead city. No one has lived there for nearly two thousand years, yet every year thousands of people travel from distant countries to visit it. It died suddenly in a terrible rain of fire and ash. Tons of hot ash fell on Pompeii, hiding it from sight. For three days the sun didn’t break through the clouds of ash in the sky. Then the whole city shook and buildings fell down. When everything was calm, Pompeii was buried deep. A city disappeared and people there lost their lives too. Can you guess what had happened to the city? S1: There must have been a terrible earthquake. After the terrible quake, everything was destroyed. T: Yes. It’s one kind of the causes. Any different ideas? S2: Maybe a volcano erupted and a terrible rain of fire and ash fell on the city. T: You got it! Mount Vesuvius, which had slept quietly for centuries, erupted suddenly. It destroyed the city Pompeii. How terrible! Have you ever seen a volcano erupting? Please turn to page 33. Look at the diagram. Describe a volcano erupting using the diagram and the given words. S3: When boiling rock erupts from the volcano, the red hot lava rushes hundreds of metres into the air and a cloud of ash goes straight up into the air. Ash cloud forms. Rocks, fire, ash fall onto the ground. The lava flows slowly down the mountain. It buries everything in its path under the molten rock. S4: Sometimes, volcano erupting can cause some other disasters like earthquakes, fire and ground sea. T: How powerful the nature is! The lava can buries everything in its path. A volcano erupting can damage a city. A flood can carry everything in its path, while a fire will damage everything it meets. It seems that we human beings are powerless in front of these natural forces. What can we do to protect ourselves from powerful natural forces? Please work in groups of four to list some other natural forces and discuss the ways that human beings protect ourselves. A few minutes later. T: Who would like to share your opinion with the class? S5: I’d like to talk about volcano. Sometimes, the volcano gives warnings in the form of many small earthquakes. And scientists can provide warnings of possible volcano explosions with the help of equipment. So the government can help people who live near the volcano leave their homes before erupting. S6: We are more familiar with fire. In fact, it can be avoided most of the time, if we are careful in our daily life. I know a way of controlling the fire. Firefighters burn the trees which are in the path of the fire, so there is nothing to burn when the fire arrives. S7: Flood always happens in the south of our country. Predication is very important. Scientist keep observing the level of the water during the summer. People strengthen the bank and move to higher land. S8: We have learned more about earthquakes. People have learned many ways to protect themselves. For example, earthquake happens, if you are in bed, stay where you are and protect your head with a pillow. If you are outdoors, find a clear spot away from buildings, trees and streetlights. S9: I think the best way is to move to a safer place where fire, earthquake, flood and hurricane will never happen. Step Ⅱ Pre-reading Get the students to answer the six questions on page 33 to find out whether they will enjoy working as a volcanologist. And then get them to talk about the occupation according to the questions. T: I see. Prediction is very important. We can say scientists play an important part in protecting people from natural forces. Would you like to study volcanoes? And do you want to be a volcanologist? Ss: Yes. T: Let’s test whether you are suitable for this job or not. Answer “yes” or “no” to these questions on page 33. The students answer the questions to see if they are suitable to be a volcanologist. T: Are you suitable for the job? Who can tell us what kind of person can be a volcanologist? S1: First he must be brave enough because he must climb into a live volcano to take the temperature of the boiling rock inside. S2: I think interest is the most important. He should show great interest in studying rocks and volcanoes. S3: He should be interested in travelling to unusual places and like adventure in his life. S4: If you want to be a volcanologist, you should enjoy working outside because a lot of work need to be done outdoors. Step Ⅲ While-reading Scanning Get the students to read the passage quickly and accurately. Give them a couple of minutes to look through the whole passage. Tell them to read the text silently and then ask them some detailed questions about the text. T: What does a volcanologist do? Is the work interesting? Let’s read a passage written by a volcanologist. The volcanologist enjoys his job very much. He described his exciting job. And he wrote down his first sight of an eruption. Now let’s read the text quickly and find out the answers to these questions Comprehending Exercise 1 on page 35 . Several minutes later. Check the answer.. Skimming In this part, the students will read the text quickly to get the general idea of the passage. Check the answers with the whole class, then explain some sentences or words that the students may find hard to understand. T: Now please read the text again and try to get the main idea of the passage in groups of four. Three or four minutes later. T: Have you got the general idea of the text? It wasn’t very easy to walk in these clothes, and we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling center. Though I was a little afraid, I wanted to climb down into the crater to collect some lava. But this being my first experience, I could only stayed at the top and watched the two scientists. At that time I determined to be a volcanologist forever. Discussion T: In the writer’s opinion, his job is the greatest one. Do you like this occupation? Why or why not? Discuss in groups of four. S2: I would not like to be a volcanologist. I prefer to work in an office to do some research work. It’s a waste of time and energy to spend so much time traveling. S3: I hope to be a vocanologist. You’ll be proud of yourself when people escape before volcano erupting because of your work. Also, I am interested in the rocks and other things that make up the surface of the earth. I want to know the secret of the earth. S4: It is not my ideal occupation. I like traveling to unusual places, studying different cultures, talking with interesting people and collecting interesting things. But I’m not brave enough to climb into a live volcano to take the temperature of the boiling rock inside. S5: I don’t like this job. It’s too dangerous. If the volcano erupts suddenly when you are collecting the lava, maybe you will lose your life. T: Well, if you meet the writer, what kind of questions would you ask him? S6: Aren’t you afraid when you walk towards the volcano? It’s so hot and the volcano may erupt again. S7: What should you do if you get lost on your way to the volcano? S8: When did you begin to be interested in volcanoes? S9: How will you escape if the volcano erupts suddenly? S10: Are there any living things in volcanoes? S11: Why do people live near the volcanoes since they may lose their homes or even lives? Writing characteristics T: Good! If you are interested in this occupation, you can get more information on the Internet. Now who can summarize the writing style and techniques of this text? The teacher can ask the students to have a discussion in pairs or groups, and then ask some of them to show their ideas. Sample answers: This passage was written by a volcanologist. He uses the first person to describe his exciting job and his experience and express his true love for his job. The words are vivid and the description is natural, which makes the readers feel as if they were watching the volcano eruption and begin to like the occupation. For example, he uses “l(fā)ike a railway train passing outside my window”, “suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day” and “red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the sky” to describe the big noise and fantastic sight of volcano eruption. To tell readers that his job is interesting, the writer uses several “sometimes”, which makes the readers feel the job is extremely interesting and want to be a vocanologist. The writer talks about the volcano objectively. He points out the damages of volcano but he praises its fantastic sight at the same time. T: What can we learn from the text? S: The key word of the text is “exciting”, which is the focus of the passage. By telling the readers his everyday work, the importance of his job, his first sight of volcano eruption and his sincere love for his job, the author proves it’s his chief enjoyment to be a volcanologist. And I appreciate the writer’s attitude towards nature. We should love nature and we can do something to minimize the damage caused by natural forces. Step Ⅴ Homework T: Now it’s time for homework. Today you have two tasks to finish after class. The first task is to finish exercises in Discovering useful words and expressions on page 35. These exercises will help you practice the words and expressions we’ve just learned. The second one is to retell the text. That’s all for today. See you tomorrow. The Second Period Language Study Teaching goals 教學(xué)目標 1. Target language 目標語言 重點詞匯和短語 bore, bored, boring, impressive, impress, excite, excited, exciting, excitement, courage, encourage, encouragement, encouraging, panic, anxious, glance through, compare with, make one’s way to 2. Ability goals 能力目標 Enable the students to learn and use new vocabulary. Enable the students to use -ing form as adverbial in a sentence. 3. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標 Enable the students to learn the way of grouping words together to learn new vocabulary. Help the students learn how to use the -ing form as adverbial. Teaching important points 教學(xué)重點 The -ing form used as adverbial. Teaching difficult points 教學(xué)難點 The -ing form used as adverbial. Teaching methods 教學(xué)方法 Practice and role play. Teaching aids 教具準備 A computer. Teaching procedures & ways 教學(xué)過程與方式 Step Ⅰ Revision T: Good morning, boys and girls! Who would like to retell the text? A sample retelling: I have the greatest job in the world. I work inside as well as outside. What’s more, I can meet different interesting people and travel to unusual places. Though it’s dangerous I still enjoy it. My main job is to collect information about Mount Kilauea, which helps scientists predict where lava from the volcano will flow and how fast it will flow. By doing this, we can save many lives. I still remember my first sight of an eruption. I heard a strange noise and my bed was shaking, like a railway train passing outside my window. My bedroom became as bright as day. I rushed into the back garden, and saw red hot lava fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. The next day I was lucky enough to have a closer look at it. Two scientists and I were sent to collect some lava for later study. We were dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. To protect ourselves, we all had special clothes, which made us look like spacemen. It wasn’t very easy to walk in these clothes, and we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling center. Though I was a little afraid, I wanted to climb down into the crater to collect some lava. But this being my first experience, I could only stayed at the top and watched the two scientists. It has been more than twenty years since I began to study volcanoes. I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started it. T: Well done! Have you finished the exercises in Discovering useful words and expressions? Ss: Yes. T: OK. I’ll ask some of you to give your answers. Check the answers with the class. Step Ⅱ Words and Expressions T: Please read the sentences on the screen. And pay attention to the words in bold. Is it a verb, a noun or an adjective? You can get the answer by reading these sentences. Or you can turn to your dictionaries. 1. The long novels bore me. 2. I am bored to death. 3. The long novels are boring. 4. The girl impressed her friends with her sense of humour. 5. His collection of painting is impressive. 6. The invention excites the doctors. 7. It’s an exciting discovery. 8. The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party. 9. The news caused great excitement. T: Any questions? S1: I can’t tell “exciting” from “excited”. T: “Exciting” means causing great interest and enthusiasm. “Excited ” means feeling or showing excitement. For example, “an excited girl” means the girl is very happy, while “an exciting story” means the story is very interesting or the story makes someone happy. T: Any other question? OK. Please turn to page 71, Exercise 1. After a moment, ask some students to give their answers. Please turn to page 40 and read the LEARNING TIP to learn two ways of remembering new vocabulary. Step Ⅲ Useful Structures In this part the students will learn the -ing form used as adverbial in a sentence to give information about time, reason and result. Then they will learn how to combine pairs of sentences using the present or the perfect -ing form. Finally, get them to make a dialogue by using the -ing form. T: Look at the two sentences on the screen. Can you see in what way they are similar and in what way they are different? Show the two examples on the screen. Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice. T: In what way are they similar to each other? S1: “Looking carefully at the ground” and “Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already” are both used as adverbial to give information about time or reason. Their subjects are “I ” which is also the subject of the main clause. T: What’s the difference? S2: In the second sentence, the action “experience quite a few earthquakes” took place before the action “take much notice”. While in the first sentence, the two actions take place at the same time. T: Do you know what can also be used as adverbial to give information about time, reason and result? S3: Adverbial clauses introduced by when, after, as, because and so on. T: Quite right! Since they can play the same role, they can usually take the place of each other. Look at the sentences on the screen. Rewrite the sentences using the present or the perfect -ing form. The first one has been done for you. Show the following sentences on the screen. 1. When they heard about the volcano, they ran down the village. 2. As I was excited, I couldn’t go to sleep. 3. The sun shines brightly in the sky and give us light and heat. 4. If you lose your heart, you won’t find a way to overcome the difficulty. 5. She finished her studies. Then she was anxious to find a job. Sample answers: 1. Hearing about the volcano, they ran down the village. 2. Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep. 3. The sun shines brightly in the sky, giving us light and heat. 4. Losing your heart, you won’t find a way to overcome the difficulty. 5. Having finished her studies, she was anxious to find a job. Step Ⅳ Homework T: Today we mainly practiced the -ing used as adverbial. After class, please finish Exercises 1 and 2 on page 72. See you tomorrow. The Third Period Listening and Speaking Teaching goals 教學(xué)目標 1. Target language 目標語言 重點詞匯和短語 tremble, anxious, panic, courage, excited, worried, relieved, terrified, nervous 2. Ability goals 能力目標 Enable the students to learn the ways of expressing fear and anxiety. 3. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標 Enable the students to describe powerful natural forces that they have experienced and how they felt during and after the disaster. Teaching important points 教學(xué)重點 Ways of expressing fear and anxiety. Teaching difficult points 教學(xué)難點 Enable the students to describe powerful natural forces that they have experienced and how they felt during and after the disaster. Teaching methods 教學(xué)方法 Listening, speaking, discussion and cooperative learning. Teaching aids 教具準備 A recorder. Teaching procedures & ways 教學(xué)過程與方式 Step I Listening The students will listen to the volcanologists talk about their most frightening experience. First get the students to describe the three pictures to help them recall the words or expressions they’ve learned about the occupation — volcanologist. Then listen and write their names under the pictures. T: Do you still remember the work of a volcanologist? Ss: Yes. He collects information about a volcano to help predict volcano’s eruption. T: How can they get the information? S1: They must climb into a live volcano to take the temperature of the boiling rock inside and collect some lava for later study. T: Excellent! Please turn to page 38. Describe the three pictures with your partners. We’ll ask some of you to describe the pictures in class. The students work in pairs to describe the pictures. They can turn to the text if they have some difficulty. T: Who will describe Picture 1? S2: A helicopter is flying to the volcano, when suddenly the volcano erupts. The ash and boiling rocks rush into the air hundreds of metres high. Luckily, the helicopter is not near the volcano, or it will be melt. T: Picture 2? S3: The volcano is erupting. The lava is flowing slowly down the mountain. A volcanologist is collecting lava with a special tool. He wears special clothes. It seems very dangerous to work there. T: How about Picture 3? S4: After an eruption, a crater formed. A woman volcanologist is making records and collecting information. She also wears special clothes to protect herself. T: These pictures are about the most frightening experience of three vocanologists. They tell us their stories. Please listen and write their names under the pictures. Get the students to listen to the tape for the first time and finish Exercise 1. Then check the answers with he whole class. Ask the students to read the questions in Exercise 2 before listening. Then play the tape,