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111 Module 5 Unit 2 The environment Project Writing a report Teaching aims; Knowledge aims Master the usage of some new words and some useful expressions. Get a firm understanding of the whole text. Know the purpose of the passage. Ability aims: Improve the students’ reading and writing abilities and provide them with a chance to put their thoughts into practice. Emotional aims: Make the students aware of the serious problem of pollution and encourage them to try their best to save the earth. Teaching important and difficult points: Make the students understand the text and the importance of protecting the Yangtze River. Write a report and present it to the whole class. Teaching procedures: Step1 Show some pictures concerning water pollution on the screen. Ask questions like these: What kind of pollution do these pictures show us? What caused water pollution? What are the results of water pollution? Please give some examples. Who should be blamed for water pollution? What measures has the government taken to protect water resource? What are the present situation of water pollution in China/ in the world? … or we can use the diagram: phenomena results situation causes Water pollution …… measures Then lead the students to the right topic “Protecting the Yangtze River” Step2 Fast reading Ask the students to go through the text quickly. 1.In 2000, how many tons of untreated human and industrial sewage was deposited into the river? 2.What is the Green River organization? What does it do? 3.What is the result of the water and soil preservation project? 4.How many white-flag dolphins remain in the Yangtze River ? Step3 Listening for some information Ask the students to listen to the tape carefully, and then read after the tape by themselves if possible. Do some True or False questions after listening. 1. Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world. 2. The environmental problems of the Yangtze River raised concern only nationally. 3. Only a few people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River. 4. The Green River organization is a governmental organization of protecting the Yangtze River . 5. Two special government projects focus on problems along the Yangtze River such as water conservation. 6. The white-flag dolphin is a rare Chinese mammal which depends on the Yangtze River for survival. 7. Boats are prohibited from entering the lower reaches of the river in Zhenjiang in order to keep the dolphins safe. 8. We have solved all the problems concerning the Yangtze River already. Step4 Reading for specific information Ask the students to read the whole passage carefully and then get the main idea of each paragraph. Paragraph1 The environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern. Paragraph2 Many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River and many environmental organizations and projects have been set up. Paragraph3 Two special government projects are under way to protect the river. One is the water and soil preservation project. Paragraph4 The second project is a nature reserve for white-flag dolphins. Paragraph5 The environmental situation of the Yangtze River is improving. (If the students still have some difficulty in understanding this passage, raise some questions to help them.) Step5 Structure of the passage (problem) the serious problem environmental organizations the first project The second project the present situation (measures) (results) Step6 Further understanding Ask the students to fill in a form on the screen which is related to the context of the whole passage. The environmental problems of the Yangtze River causes agricultural and industrial development, huge population growth, untreated sewage deposition… damages threaten people’s health, pollute the river, harm the ecology, kill many plants and animals … solutions set up some organizations and projects to deal with the problems… Step7 Practising and Writing a report Ask the students to think about the environmental problem of Taihu Lake, and ask them to write a similar report. Encourage the students to get some information from the library or from the internet. What is the environmental problem of Taihu Lake? What work has been done to protect Taihu Lake? How is the environmental situation of Taihu Lake now? (After the students have a discussion or exchange their information, ask the students to come to the next four steps before they begin to write their report.) 1. planning a. Each group discuss the two questions. What do you think are the biggest environmental problems in China? What is the Chinese government doing to protect the environment? b. Decide on a topic c. Divide the task. 2. preparing a. Find information from various sources on the chosen topic. b. Discuss the information and decide what to include and what to leave out. c. Write an outline. 3. producing a. Write the report following the outline. b. Exchange your report with other groups. c. Correct any mistake and give your suggestions to other groups. Improve your report by following the suggestions raised by other groups. 4. presenting Present your report to the class. Step8 homework 1. Do Parts D1 and D2 on page 101 in workbook. 2. Write a report of the environmental problem about Taihu Lake. Unit 2 Environment Part One Teaching Design 第一部分 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) ●Project Writing a report Reading 1. At the beginning of this class, let\'s enjoy the beautiful scenery of our mother river ---the Yangtze River. Do you think they\'re a feast for our eyes? But here are some more pictures. What do these pictures lead you to think of? 2. Read the passage \"Protecting the Yangtze River\" Try to find out the main idea of each paragraph. Paragraph 1 The environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern. Paragraph 2 Many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze river and many environmental organizations and projects have been set up. Paragraph 3 Two special government projects are under way to protect the river. One is the water and soil preservation project. Paragraph 4 The second project is a nature reserve for white-flag dolphins. Paragraph 5 The environmental situation of the Yangtze River is improving. 3. Read the passage again and try to find the answers to the following question: 1).Why have the environmental problems of the Yangtze River raised concern both nationally and internationally? 2).What does the Green River organization do? 3).What problems do the two government projects focus on? 4).What did farmers have to do under the water and soil preservation project? 5).What does the second project concern? Sample answers: 1. Rapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has meant that not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising, but the waste being put back into the river has also been increasing. It also watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals. 2. It educates and advises people on the importance of protecting the Yangtze River. 3. They had to replace crops on their farmland with trees or grassland. 4. They focus on problems along the Yangtze River such as water conservation and protecting white-flag dolphins. 5. The second project is a nature reserve for white-flag dolphins. 4. Now let\'s a have a discussion: Do you think the environmental situation of the Yangtze River is getting better? Why? What else can we do to protect the Yangtze River? 5. Read the article again and analyze the structure of it. Parts Main ideas Paragraph 1 The environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern. Paragraphs 2--4 A lot of work has been done to protect the river. Paragraph 5 The environmental situation of the Yangtze River is improving. Writing a report Planning Now let\'s work in groups of four and discuss the questions and then decide on a topic for your report. What do you think are the biggest environmental problems in China? What is the Chinese government doing to protect the environment? Sample answers: Air pollution, water pollution, white pollution, noise pollution, land pollution, ocean pollution, light pollution… The government has established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution. People are further educated to recognize the importance of the problems, to use modern methods of birth control, to conserve our natural resources and recycle our products. Preparing Now sort the information you have got. Have a further discussion on what to include in your report. You may refer to step 1 and step 2 for some information. Producing Group members who are responsible for writing the report should write it based on the outline. All group members should edit the report, pay attention to some aspects listed. Then you should proofread it at least once, correct any mistakes and add more new ideas. Presenting At length, each group should rewrite the report and review it. After checking once more for mistakes, each group presents your report to the class. And each group puts your report on the display wall of the classroom for everyone to see. Module 5 Unit 2 New words and expressions 教學(xué)目標(biāo): Knowledge aims: Learn the usage of the new words and expressions. Ability aims: Learn to use these new words and expressions in different situations. Emotional aims: Enjoy the different ways of learning and using these new words and expressions. 【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】 Words: debate, lay, approach, figure, production, beneficial, responsibility, effective, willing, state, shock, disappoint, shame, arrival, limited, decrease, equipment, measure, raise, concern, importance, advise, endanger, remain, effort, appreciate Expressions: cut back on, run out of, It is obvious that…, wipe out, in addition, open the floor, What if, take…into consideration, provide something. for somebody., be stocked with, pick out, on doing something, in the form of, be likely to do something, rely on, result in, lead to, under way, focus on, it is illegal to do something, prohibit somebody from doing something, solution to something 【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】 How to learn these words in different ways in different situations and how to use these words and expressions correctly and freely. 【教具準(zhǔn)備】 CAI equipment with a Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools 【教學(xué)過(guò)程】 Step 1 Greeting Step 2 Lead in (Before the students come to learn the new words and expressions, they should be divided into several groups to learn the words by themselves) To ask some students from each group to present their work. Step 3 Different ways to learn the new words and expression. Part 1 Words from page 22 to 25 根據(jù)所給釋義寫出本單元出現(xiàn)的詞 1. _______ formal discussion at a public meeting 2. _______ produce eggs; put in a certain position 3. _______ come near to; get close to 4. _______ having good effect; helpful 5. _______ process of producing 6. _______ being responsible; duty 7. _______ having an effect 8. _______ ready to help 9. _______ symbol for a number 答案解析 1. debate debate既可用作名詞，又可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“辯論，爭(zhēng)辯，爭(zhēng)論”。用作名詞時(shí)有如下用法： After a long debate David was chosen captain of our school football team. The proposal under debate was put forward by our monitor. 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞分別是debated，debated；現(xiàn)在分詞為debating。常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)debate about sth. with sb. 意為“與某人爭(zhēng)論某事”等。舉例如下： What are they debating about? They were debating whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside for their holidays? Before we make a final decision, we must debate the question with the rest of the members. We debated for more than an hour on the advantages and disadvantages of that plan to protect our environment. 名詞debater的意思是辯論者 2. lay lay在本單元是用作動(dòng)詞，意思有“產(chǎn)卵，下蛋，放置，擺放”等。其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞分別為laid，laid， 現(xiàn)在分詞是laying。lay的主要用法有： How many eggs does the hen lay each week? New laid eggs, one dollar each dozen. She laid her hand on my shoulder. Please lay down your pens and just listen to me carefully. I carefully laid my new jacket on the bed. Then both sides started laying the blame on each other. Why don’t you lay that problem aside for a while and think about it later? He was willing to lay down his life for his country. lay構(gòu)成的詞組很多，請(qǐng)說(shuō)出下面句子中這些詞組的意思： a. 放重點(diǎn)在……上 b. 擺設(shè)餐具 c. 歸罪于 d. 暫時(shí)解雇 e. 儲(chǔ)蓄 (1) Please lay the table for dinner. (2) The couple laid aside some money for their old age. (3) The president laid great emphasis on would peace. (4) Don’t lay all the blame for the accident on me. (5) Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials. Keys: b e a c d 注意lay與lie的區(qū)別。lie 有兩種意思，一是“說(shuō)謊”，過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞分別為lied，lied；現(xiàn)在分詞是lying；二是“位于，躺”，過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞分別為lay，lain；現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。請(qǐng)根據(jù)句子意思，用lay或lie的正確形式填空。 (1) Please _______ the book where it _______. (2) The little boy _______ that he _______ the egg _______ by the hen _______ under the tree in the box. Keys: (1) lay, lay (2) lied, had laid, laid, lying 3. approach approach既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“接近，靠近”，分別可指距離上、時(shí)間上，或某種狀態(tài)上的接近。如： The little boy approached the mouse quietly and watched it. As summer approached, the weather became hotter and hotter. His work is approaching perfection. He is rather difficult to approach. ＝It’s not easy to get on friendly terms with him. approach也可用作名詞，指“接近，漸近”或“（人）易、難親近”。如： The birds flew away in all directions at my approach. The approach of the examination made him nervous. My class teacher is easy of approach. 4. beneficial beneficial是形容詞，意為“有益的，有利的，有幫助的”，是正式用語(yǔ)。常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)“be beneficial to …”，意為“對(duì)……有幫助的”，如： Enough sleep, good food and some exercise are beneficial to the health. I hope this holiday will be beneficial for my husband, who is under high pressure of work. beneficial的名詞和動(dòng)詞都是benefit。作為名詞時(shí)，意為“利益，幫助，恩惠，益處”，常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)be of benefit to，意為“對(duì)……有裨益”；以及for the benefit of，意為“為了……的利用”，用法如下： I got a lot of benefit from traveling around the world. These collected money will be used for the benefit of the people from flood-stricken areas. benefit既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“有益于；對(duì)……有益，因……得到利益”。如： The project for environmental protection will benefit us enormously. I benefited a lot from my teacher’s advice. 5. production production 作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)出，產(chǎn)量，生產(chǎn)量”。如： The company is famous for the production of mobile phones. Production has been increased by using better methods. This type of cars is produced in mass production. production的動(dòng)詞是produce，意為“生產(chǎn)”；形容詞是“productive”，意為“多產(chǎn)的”；另外一個(gè)名詞是可數(shù)名詞product，意為“產(chǎn)品，生產(chǎn)物”，如： What are the chief farm products in your province? 6. responsibility responsibility是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“責(zé)任，職責(zé)，負(fù)責(zé)”，如： He don’t have a sense of responsibility, so he isn’t popular with his classmates. He tried to avoid taking responsibility for the accident. It is the responsibility of every of us to protect our environment. responsible是形容詞，意為“有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的”，如： Parents are responsible for their children’s safety. Who is responsible for the mess in the classroom? Isn’t he too young for such a responsible job? 7. effective effective是形容詞，意為“有效的”，如： The local government has already taken some effective measure to develop the city without damaging the ecosystem. This medicine is highly effective against bird-flu. The new law becomes effective on October 1st. effective的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別為“more effective”和“the most effective”。 其副詞為effectively，意為“有效地”。反義詞是ineffective，意為“無(wú)效的”；名詞是effect，意為“功效，作用”，常構(gòu)成詞組have a/an …effect on…，意為“對(duì)…產(chǎn)生…的作用”。effect一詞的用法舉例如下： This medicine had a good/a bad/a side/an ill/an instant/a negative effect on that patient. Punishment had very little effect on those factories, which created harmful waste. The plans of protecting the endangered animals will soon be carried into effect. 8. willing willing是形容詞，意為“樂(lè)意的，自愿的”。如： Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club? Are they willing workers for environmental protection? willing的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別是more willing和the most willing，其副詞是willingly，意為“樂(lè)意地”，名詞是“willingness”，意為“心甘情愿”，如： He gave up his seat to the old lady willingly. Those volunteers showed great willingness to serve in the 2008 Olympic Games. 9. figure figure可用作名詞，意為“數(shù)字”，如： It is reported that a lot of people in China are infected with AIDS. The figure is really incredible. He has an income of six figures. The price of the house is in seven figures. figure 用作名詞還有其他意思，如“圖形，身材，大人物”等。如： The blackboard was covered with interesting figures. I take exercise every morning to keep my figure. Bill Gates is an outstanding figure in IT. figure也可用作動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成詞組figure out，意為“計(jì)算出，理解”，如： I can’t figure out why she dropped school. 鞏固練習(xí)：用上面9個(gè)單詞的正確形式填空 Bird flu is spreading quickly all over the world. And some people who are infected with the virus, even died of it. It is reported that the ___1___ is increasing as summer 2 . Word came that there is a suspected case in the nearby village. So the villagers are holding a meeting, 3 whether they should cut back on the 4 of their egg products. Some villagers say they are 5 to kill their hens, which 6 eggs every day, if it is 7 to the health of the villagers, since it is the 8 of each villager to prevent the disease from spreading. But some villagers argue that they can take some 9 measures to protect themselves. Keys: 1. figure 2. debating 3. approaches 4. production 5. willing 6. lay 7. beneficial 8. responsibility 9. effective Part 2 Words from page 29 to 35 根據(jù)首字母拼寫出本單元出現(xiàn)的單詞 1.These buildings are in a bad s_______. It is suggested that they be pulled down. 2.They were s_______ by the news that more than 20 students were killed in the road accident. 3.They were really d_______ at the news that all the tickets had been sold out. 4.He should throw the cat into the well. It is a s_______ to treat animals like that. 5.On his a_______ at the airport, he telephoned home. 6.It is challenging for us to finish this project in a l_______ time. 7.The population of the village has d_______ by 120 to about 600. 8.The modern technical e_______ of his laboratory made it a special one. 9.What m_______ do you suppose we should take to protect our environment? 答案解析 1. state state在本單元用作名詞，意為“狀態(tài)，狀況，情形”。用法如下： Generally speaking, matter has three states－solid, liquid and gas. The patient is in a poor state of health. state用作名詞還可指“國(guó)家、（構(gòu)成聯(lián)邦共和國(guó)的）州、國(guó)家的”。如： How many states are there in the United States of America? The railroads belong to the state in this country. state也可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“陳述、聲明”。如： The visiting Prime Minister stated that several agreements had been reached during the state visit. 2. shocked shock是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使震驚，使震動(dòng)”。 The result of the tsunami is very shocking, with dead bodies here and there. I was shocked at the news of his sudden death. ＝I was shocked to hear the news of his sudden death. shock 也可用作名詞，意為“震驚、沖擊、震動(dòng)”。如： The news of his sudden death was a great shock to us. Three shocks of the earthquakes were felt last night. [拓展] 同shock一樣，還有一些不可數(shù)名詞，如success，failure，honor，danger， surprise等；當(dāng)指具體的每個(gè)人或某件事時(shí)，前面可加a或an，如： Liu Xiang is really a great success. My class teacher turned up at my birthday party, which was really a big surprise. 3. disappointed disappoint是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使失望”。常以過(guò)去分詞disappointed作形容詞，意為“失望的，沮喪的”，構(gòu)成詞組be disappointed at/about/with，意為“對(duì)…而感到失望”，及be disappointed to do sth.，意為“做…而感到失望”。用法舉例如下： The result of the experiment really disappointed us. Please don’t disappoint me. What are you looking so disappointed about? He was disappointed to hear the news that his visa was refused. We were disappointed that our team had lost the game. disappointing 是形容詞，意為“讓人失望的，令人掃興的”，如： How disappointing the weather this summer is! disappointment 是名詞，意為“失望，灰心，掃興”，如： When he heard the bad news, his disappointment was obvious. Much to my disappointment, the picnic was put off