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111 Period 2: Grammar and usage Step1: General introduction 1. Nouns used as verbs (名詞轉(zhuǎn)化動詞) Warming up Warming up by reading and translating the following sentences taken from the text: When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously. Warming up by understand the following sentences: 1) Stop mothering me! I am not a child. 2) She fingered the silk gently. 3) You ought to diet and take more exercise. Summary about the Nouns used as verbs 1. to be, become or to act as the person, animal, or the object denote by the noun 1) nouns of persons: She mothered the orphan (act in the manner of a mother) 他慈母般地照顧這個孤兒。 2) nouns of animals: Mark parroted what the boss had said（to repeat by rote） 鵝鵡學(xué)舌般地重復(fù)。 He wolfed his meal.（to eat greedily） 他狼吞虎叨地吃飯． His cat has kittened. (to give birth) 他的貓已下仔兒。 3) nouns without life: He felt he is being shadowed, but he could not see anyone behind him..(to follow and watch closely esp. secretly) 他覺得他正被人跟蹤，但是他看不到身后有任何人。 2. to perform an action by means of the object denoted by the noun Tom braked the car.．（to mouse to slow or stop by a brake） 湯姆剎了車。 My mother is knifing a piece of meat. (to cut with a knife) 母親在切一塊肉。 His job is to milk the cows. (to take milk from) 他的工作就是擠奶。 3. to put in or on a place, container, or a specified location denoted by the noun He is busy bottling wine..(to put...in the bottle) 他正忙于把酒裝瓶。 They canned apples．（to put in cans） 他把蘋果放在了罐子里。 4. to remove the object denoted by the noun from sth. You should bone a turkey before eating it. (to remove the bones from) 你應(yīng)該吃火雞前去骨。 She dusted the furniture with a duster. (to remove dust from) 她用禪子禪掉家具上的灰塵。 5. to give or provide what the noun denotes The local government sheltered the homeless． (to give shelter to) 當(dāng)?shù)卣杖轃o家可歸的人。 Pills are sometimes coated with sugar. (to cover with) 有時，藥片上包了一層糖衣。 6. to make or change sth. or sb. into what the noun denotes He was orphaned at an early age.（to cause to be an orphan） 他很小就成為“孤兒。 Please cash the cheque for me. (to exchange ... for cash) 請把支票給我兌換成現(xiàn)金。 7. to send or to go by what the noun denotes Will you please mail the letter？ (to send… by mail) 你送這封信，好嗎? 8. to fulfill the function of the object denoted by the noun While he was talking to his secretary he toyed with a pencil. (to play with purposelessly) 他對他的秘書講話的時候擺弄鉛筆。 The child was eyeing the chocolate cake. (to look at with desire) 那個孩子正看那個巧克力蛋糕。 9. to spend time They wintered in the south.（to spend Winter） 他們在南方過的冬。 They are going to honeymoon in America．（to spend honeymoon） 他們打算去美國度蜜月。 10. to address sb. Don't sir me so much．（to address sir） 不要這么先生、先生地叫我。 She my-dear-fellowed me all day long.（to address my dear fellow） 她成天叫我老朋友。 11. to force He silenced their rumor by his report． (to force to stop) 他用他的報告制止了謠言的傳播。 2. will/be going to for future actions ( will & be going to 的區(qū)別) 1) will: used to express the simple future tense, but its subject is the third person which is single. The common usage of will: Sub. + will + verb. +… I will write to him next week. She will come here tomorrow. I will have finished the job by that time. The negative of will: Sub. + will + not + verb. +… I will not go shopping tomorrow. Our teacher will be quite busy next month。 The question form of will: Will + Sub. + verb +…? Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？ Will Mary come to your birthday party. ? The special question form of will: What( When, Where, Why, How…) + will + verb +…? Where will you spend the Spring Festival.? When will your father be back? 2) Be (am /is/ are)going to: (of a person) to intend to My sister is going to learn English next year. I’m going to see the football match this afternoon. He is not going to attend the meeting I am not going to（go to）the cinema Are you going to change your computer？ Is he going to meet us？ What are you going to do on Sunday.? When are you going to leave ? (of a thing or event that cannot be controlled ) to be certain to, or expected to, at some time in the future Is it going to rain? I’m going to be sick. She ‘s going to have a baby. The NMET tests: 1. ----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ----I _______, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C was going to D. did 2. ----You’ve left the light on. ---- Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off. A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going Step2: Exercises for consolidation 1. Exercises for the Nouns used as verbs Translate the following sentences into Chinese or English 1) We are tabling this matter until further notice. 2) I have long prided myself on being a good teacher. 3) When you see a police car, don’t floor it. 4) If He had tried harder, he could have topped his class. 5) When my car broke down, I flagged a police car. 6) Finally, the escaped criminal was cornered. 7) Every ship is required to radio its position. 8) 父母都在設(shè)法彌合與兒女的代溝。(bridge ) 9) 對他來說，疏遠(yuǎn)、冷淡她是很困難的。(distance) 10) 昨天他預(yù)定了到南京的機(jī)票。(book) 11) 農(nóng)夫把他的馬圈在馬廄里。(house) 12) 下學(xué)期她將擔(dān)任數(shù)學(xué)系主任。(chair) 13) 他不管到哪里，總被人尾隨。(dog) 14) 希望陳先生很快能夠當(dāng)上爸爸。(father) Keys: 1)我們延期討論這件事，以后再說。 2)我一向以身為一名稱職的老師而自豪。 3)當(dāng)你看到警車時，別開快車。 4)假如他以前用功些，他會在班里名列前茅的。 5)當(dāng)我的汽車拋錨的時候，我打了個手勢招來一輛警車。 6)那名逃犯最終走投無路了。 7)要求每一條船用無線電報告各自所在位置。 8)The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children. 9)It is difficult for him to distance himself from her. 10)Yesterday he booked a flight to Nanjing. 11)The farmer has housed his horse in the barn. 12)She will chair the math department next semester. 13)He was dogged wherever he went. 14)Hopefully, Mr. Chen is going to father a child soon. 2. Exercises for will / be going to Multiple choices: 1) Mary________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to work D. won’t working 2) He ________ very busy next week. A. will be B. is C. will is D. is 3) –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be 4) My mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give 5) – Will his parents go to park tomorrow? – No, ________ A. they can’t. B. they won’t . C. they aren’t. D. they don’t. 6) We ________ the work next week. A. do B. will do . C going to do D. will doing 7) They ________ an English evening next Saturday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have 8) She ________ there tomorrow afternoon. A. will B. is C. will be D. be 9) ________ your brother ________ a book from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows 10) The man ________ at 11. A. is going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is (Keys: 1C 2A 3D 4B 5B 6B 7B 8C 9B 10A) Fill in the blanks: 1) Next month my sister_________ _________(be) seventeen. 2) I _________ _________ _________ _________（see）my grandmother. 3) I ___________ ____________(never) ____________(forget) that day . 4) ___________ you _________(be) busy tonight? 5) ______ you ______ ________ ________(have) a meeting today? 6) She _____________(not) come here next Sunday. 7) He ________(not) going to buy a dictionary. (Keys:1will,be 2am,going,to,see 3wil,never,forget 4Will,be 5Are,going,to; have 6won’t 7isn’t) Step3: Homework Find out more nouns used as verb, and try to make up sentences with them. 111