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111 Learning Guide to Grammar of Module 4 u Learning aims: 1. To review the passive voice. 2. To understand the structure of “by + -ing” form u Important and difficult points: 1. The tense of passive voice in the sentence. 2. The use of “by + -ing” form. u Learning procedures: u Step one: The Passive Voice 1.Definition: 語態(tài)（voice）是動詞的一種形式，用以表示________和________之間的關系，英語動詞有________和________兩種語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的________。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的________。(承受者Or執(zhí)行者) 2.被動語態(tài)的結構：________________________. e.g.我們必須好好照顧這些孩子。 ________________________________________________________. 這些孩子必須被好好照顧。 ________________________________________________________. 3. 時態(tài) 被動語態(tài)構成 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 一般將來時 過去將來時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 4.用所給動詞的正確形式填空。 1. He promised that the news_______(send) to the soldier’s mother as soon as it ________(arrive). 2.It__________(prove) that every substance , no matter what it is,__________(make) up of atoms. 3.As I explained on the phone, your request _________(consider)at the next meeting. 4.By ________(get) up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 5.---I ________(ask) to a party, but I’ve got nothing ________(wear). ----Why don’t you have a dress made for the party? ◆ Step two: by + -ing form 1. by prep. 表示行為的主語，表示方法、手段或所用的工具，后面接動名詞作賓語，構成by + -ing form。 e.g. He makes a living by begging from door to door. ______________________________________________________. 2. by+交通工具表示方式，前不加冠詞，但指特定之物時則必須加冠詞。 e.g. 我乘公共汽車上學。 ____________________________________________________. 他做十點半的火車走了。 _____________________________________________________. 3. 翻譯句子： ①He thought there was only one way to do this ----by crossing different species of rice plant. ②你可以通過盡可能多的練習來提高口語。 ______________________________________________________ ③他通過努力通過了考試。 ________________________________________________________. ◆ Step Three: exercises 1. to say a thing in that way. A. It is considers wrong B. It is considered wrong C. It is considered it’s wrong D. It is considering wrong 2. He ordered that the books at once. A. would be printed B. would print C. be printed D. print 3. The story in China. A. was taken place B. was place C. took place D. has been taken place 4. The house my parents. A. is belong to B. belong to C. belongs to D. is belonged to 5. He by his teacher. A. happened to see B. was happened to see C. happened to be seen D. was happened to be seen 6. The sports meeting . A. is put off B. is to put off C. is to be put off D. puts off 7. Mary realized she . A. was making fun of B. was made fun C. was being made fun of D. was being made fun 8. Our house . A. is getting paint B. is getting painted C. is got painted D. has got paint 9. The meeting tomorrow is very important. A. to broken out B. had been broken out C. has broken out D. broke out 10. The war in 1937. A. was broken out B. had been broken out C. has broken out D. broke out 11. The mistakes in the exercises will the teacher. A. cross B. be crossing C. be crossed by D. cross by 12. My brother and I have her birthday party. A. been invited B. been invited party C. invited to D. been invited to 13. It this way. A. is has to do B. is had to be done C. had to be done D. has to do 14. It this way. A. used to do B. used to be done C. is used to do D. is used to doing 15. It was lucky of him to escape by the falling tree in the storm. A. injured B. to be injured C. being injured D. injuring 111