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111 Great Scientists Period 1 warming up and reading Step1. Warming-up 1. Name the scientist according to their achievement? 2. Who found the cure for SARS? (鐘南山) 3. Look at the picture and tell me: What did people do when SARS broke out in 2003? Why is SARS so horrible? What kind of disease is SARS?----infectious disease 4. Can you name any other infectious disease?----SARS, AIDS, bird flu(2005), cholera H1N1，HFMD（手足口?。? Step2. Pre-reading 1. Cholera may be rare nowadays except in some poor areas, but back in the 1830s-1840s, it was probably No.1 killer in the world. There were four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s, which killed many thousands of people in the industrial cities of England. In 1854 on August 31st “the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom” began. It was so violent and sudden that 127 people around Broad Street died in the first three days. And then a famous physician John Snow discovered the source of the disease and since then Cholera was finally brought under control. 2. How did he solve the problem of cholera? Actually, he followed a scientific procedure to carry out his scientific research. The whole procedure is made up of 7 steps. Can you put them in a right order? Step3. Skimming 1. Look at the title “John Snow defeats king cholera”. Why was it called king cholera? What the text may be about? 2. How famous was John Snow? How serious was the disease? 3. What was John’s problem? Step4. Reading 1. Fill in the blanks of the report. 2. Number the events in the order that they happened. 3. Fill in the blanks to finish the summary. Step5. Discussion 1. What role does the map play in the whole research? 2. What kind of man is John Snow? What can you learn from him? 3. What should you do if you're traveling to a country that has a cholera outbreak according to Snow’s theory? To know the disease is half the cure. 找出病根等于醫(yī)治了一半。 clever/talented strict patient creative determined positive honest intelligent hard-working ambitious careful co-operative confident brave Homework: Great Scientists Period 2 learning about language Step1. Language points 1. characteristic n. 特征，特性 The chief characteristic of human being is that they can think. 人類主要的特征是他們會(huì)思考。 2. expose vt. 暴露，揭發(fā)，曝光（攝影） Don’t expose the baby to the burning sun. 切勿將小孩曝曬。 注：expose sb/sth to…中的to為介詞。 3. defeat vt. & n. 擊??；戰(zhàn)勝； The army defeated the enemy in the end. 軍隊(duì)最終戰(zhàn)勝了敵軍。 Tom suffered the defeat in the English examination. 湯姆英語考試失敗了。 辨析：win的賓語是game, prize等物（不是人）；beat和defeat的賓語是人；hit“打一下”； beat“（連續(xù)地）打”；strike “重?fù)簟薄? 4. cure vt. & n. 治愈，治療法 There is no known cure for AIDS. 還無治療艾滋病之法。 It is possible to cure the sickness. 治愈這種疾病還是可能的。 辨析：cure“治愈”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；treat“治療”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過程；說cure sb of sth. 但說treat sb for sth. 5. blame vt. 責(zé)備，歸咎 The teacher blamed me for my being late for school again. 老師因我又遲到批評(píng)了我。 注：blame sb for sth=blame sth on sb. 6. backward adj. & adv. 向后 We turn backward(s) then rightward(s). 我們向后轉(zhuǎn)然后向右轉(zhuǎn)。 搭配：a backward turn 向后轉(zhuǎn) 7. conclude vt. & vi. 結(jié)束，總結(jié) The teacher concluded the class by one sentence. 老師以一句話總結(jié)了這節(jié)課。 二、重要詞組句型例析 1.in addition 此外 In addition, the speaker gave us more information about the topic. 另外，這個(gè)演講者就主題給了我一些信息。 注：in addition to(=besides)是短語介詞，后接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞。 I visited many places in addition to the Great Wall. 我參觀了許多地方，除了長城以外。 2. apart from除……以外(except for)；除……外，還有(besides) Apart from being short, Tom is smart. 除了個(gè)子矮了點(diǎn)，Tom還是挺帥氣的。 Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了花費(fèi)錢以外，它還需要不少時(shí)間。 3. be strict with sb. 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格 Father is always strict with his sons. 父親對(duì)子女經(jīng)常要求嚴(yán)格。 比較：be strict in sth. 對(duì)某事物要求嚴(yán)格 Teachers are strict in students’ homework. 老師對(duì)學(xué)生的作業(yè)要求嚴(yán)格。 4. lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向（to為介詞） Hard work leads to success. 努力通向成功。 All roads lead to Rome. 條條道路通羅馬。 5．link…to… 將……和……連接起來 Can you link the clues to the criminals? 你能把線索和罪犯聯(lián)系起來嗎？ 6. keep sb /sth +doing /done /adj. 讓某人或事物做…… I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 You must keep your jewels locked up. 你得把珠寶飾物鎖好。 Keep the classroom clean. 要保持教室清潔。(adj.作賓補(bǔ)) 注：用doing強(qiáng)調(diào)與sb/sth是主動(dòng)關(guān)系且與謂語動(dòng)詞是同時(shí)或一直進(jìn)行的；用done強(qiáng)調(diào)與sb/sth是被動(dòng)關(guān)系且業(yè)已完成；用adj.強(qiáng)調(diào)sb/sth的狀態(tài)。 三、課文長句難句剖析 1. In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 剖析：句中的that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾先行詞two other deaths；先行詞與定語從句之間被介詞短語in another part of London所分隔。 譯文：除此之外，他發(fā)現(xiàn)在倫敦的另一個(gè)地方有兩個(gè)與the Broad Street爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)的死亡病例。 2. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. 剖析：To prevent為表示目的的不定式短語；prevent…(from) doing sth 意為“阻止……做某事”，其中prevent可與stop, keep互換；suggest表示“建議”的，其賓語從句的謂語用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”，句中的should被省略了。 譯文：為了防止這種情況的再次發(fā)生，John Snow建議所有的水源都要經(jīng)過檢測(cè)，而且要尋找處理污水的新方法。 Step2. learning about language Make結(jié)構(gòu) 四、語法知識(shí)歸納梳理——過去分詞的用法 1. 構(gòu)成：done（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與過去式變化相同，都是在動(dòng)詞原形后加ed, 如：print—printed—printed; 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞需要記憶, 如：begin—began—begun； 2. 意義：完成、被動(dòng)、情感、狀態(tài) (1)不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示完成的狀態(tài)，不表被動(dòng)意義，如：fallen leaves（落葉）， (2)及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成，如：polluted water(污水)， (3)過去動(dòng)詞表示情感，如The little boy is interested in books. (4)過去動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，如：The earth is mostly covered by water. / The door is closed. 3. 語法功用： 在句中作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。不能單獨(dú)作謂語。 (1)作定語：過去分詞如是單個(gè)詞語，則位于中心詞前；如是短語，則位于中心詞后，作后置定語。如： Many terrified people died of Cholera. （前置定語) Many people died of the water polluted by factories. (后置定語) 真題：Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases____ only to people with specific knowledge. (上海) A being known B having been known C to be known D known 解析： words, expressions, phrases與know在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞短語作定語，故選D。 (2)作表語：用在系動(dòng)詞后。如： I am interested in reading English novels. 我對(duì)閱讀英國小說感興趣。 My teacher got annoyed when I was late for school again. 我上學(xué)又遲到，老師為此很惱怒。 (3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：用在賓語后面。如： I had my dress washed already. 我已經(jīng)把衣服洗了。 注：能帶過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞還有：get, hear, see, make, keep, find等。如： I found the door broken. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)門壞了。 真題：Laws that punish parents for their children’s against the laws get parents_____. (重慶) A worried B to worry C worrying D worry 解析：“使得家長們感到擔(dān)心”，用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，選A。 (4)作狀語：一般置于句首或句末,和主語形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 The teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students. 老師和幾位同學(xué)走進(jìn)教室。(the teacher與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系) 練習(xí)三． 單選 1. As is known to us all, traveling is _A_____, but we often feel ______ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired 2. Hearing the __D__ news, we all felt ___. A. encouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouraged 3. From the dates __B____ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked 4. The __B____ look in her face suggested that she _______ it before. A.surprising, wouldn’t know B. surprised, hadn’t known C. surprising, hadn’t known D. surprised, shouldn’t know 5. The picture writing _D______ long long ago is hard for us to understand today. A. having been drawn B. being drawn C. was drawn D. drawn 6. The man _D_____ there is my uncle. A. seat B. seating C. to seat D. seated 7. The first textbooks ___C___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. written D. being written English Essay * 要求： 1. 根據(jù)哥白尼的個(gè)性展開對(duì)人物的描寫 2. Use the following expressions: Lead to the same conclusion make sense at times observation of the stars make change to enthusiastic cautious 3. About 100words * Outline （提綱） Brave Cautious Copernicus，a Brave and Cautious Fighter _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 111