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111 高考英語(yǔ)一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版選修六Module 3 知識(shí)詳解 1.raise　v．籌措；提高，增加；撫養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)；提出 (回歸課本P31)Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity. 上周我校舉行一場(chǎng)大型的義賣(mài)會(huì)為慈善事業(yè)籌錢(qián)。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①We must do everything we can to raise the people’s living standards. 我們要想盡一切辦法來(lái)提高人民的生活水平。 ②He raised his hand to catch the chairman’s attention. 他舉起手來(lái)想吸引主席的注意。 ③I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but didn’t have the courage.我想向主席提一個(gè)問(wèn)題，但又沒(méi)有這個(gè)勇氣。 ④(高考大綱全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. 去年的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告表明，飼養(yǎng)寵物狗不僅能使你精神振奮，也對(duì)你的飲食習(xí)慣有影響。 【易混辨析】 raise，lift；rise，arise (1)raise和lift都是及物動(dòng)詞，后面一定要有賓語(yǔ)。如果表示抽象意義(如提高意識(shí)、聲音、生活水平、地位等)要用raise；如用機(jī)械力把重物從地面舉到一定的高度要用lift。raise還可以表示飼養(yǎng)家禽、籌集資金、養(yǎng)育兒童等；而lift的名詞用法可表示“免費(fèi)搭車(chē)/電梯、飛機(jī)起飛等”。 (2)rise和arise都是不及物動(dòng)詞，在指人或動(dòng)物“起身”時(shí)可互換。另arise還可以表示“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生”之意；rise可以表示“升起，升高”，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)自身移向更高的位置。 ①I(mǎi) am afraid a new problem will arise when we use a new type of fuel. ②Her temperature is still rising.She must be sent to hospital. ③We have no plans to raise taxes at present. ④Can you help me lift the big boxes? 【即境活用】 1．(高考江西卷) —What is the price of petrol these days? —Oh，it ________ sharply since last month. A．is raised　　　　　　B．has risen C．has arisen D．is increased 解析：選B。句意是：“這些日子汽油的價(jià)格怎么樣？”“唉，自從上個(gè)月以來(lái)一直急劇上漲?！贝颂幰貌患拔飫?dòng)詞has risen表示“上升；上漲”。raise是及物動(dòng)詞，要用has been raised。has arisen出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；is increased要改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has been increased。 2.After the terrible flood，the water level in the river ________ by 50 centimetres. A．rises B．raises C．is risen D．is raised 解析：選A。此處需用不及物動(dòng)詞，作“上升了”講。句中的by表示“增減的程度”，而不是表被動(dòng)。 2.regret　n．& v．　后悔，遺憾，抱歉 (回歸課本P33)Liao Mei really regrets these quarrels. 廖梅對(duì)那些爭(zhēng)吵感到后悔。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P1718)I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.我很遺憾地通知你，你的合同不能續(xù)簽。 ②She deeply regretted losing her temper. 她為自己發(fā)了脾氣而深感后悔。 ③(牛津P1673)If you don’t do it now，you’ll only regret it. 你如果現(xiàn)在不做，以后一定會(huì)后悔的。 ④(朗文P1718)He regrets that he never went to college. 他為自己從未上過(guò)大學(xué)感到遺憾。 ⑤He left the company with great regret. 他非常遺憾地離開(kāi)了那個(gè)公司。 【即境活用】 3. —Robert is indeed a wise man. —Oh，yes.How often I have regretted ________ his advice! A．to take　　　　　　　B．taking C．not to take D．not taking 解析：選D。說(shuō)話者以前沒(méi)有聽(tīng)他的忠告而現(xiàn)在感到后悔，所以此處要用not taking形式。 4.This scar will be lasting，but to this day，I have never ________ what I did. A．forgot B．recognized C．considered D．regretted 解析：選D。regret的意思是“后悔”。從本句的句意可以看出，“我”對(duì)過(guò)去做過(guò)的事始終不后悔。 3.forgive　vt.　原諒，饒恕 (回歸課本P37)．..I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me. ……我不能原諒丹尼離開(kāi)我。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Forgive my ignorance，but what does the company do? 請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业臒o(wú)知，這家公司是干什么的？ ②Forgive me for interrupting，but I really don’t agree with that.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫掖虿?，不過(guò)我確實(shí)不同意那一點(diǎn)。 ③(牛津P686)I’ll never forgive her for what she did. 我絕不會(huì)原諒她所做的事。 ④(朗文P761)If anything happened to the kids，I’d never forgive myself. 如果孩子們出了什么事，我永遠(yuǎn)也不能原諒自己。 【易混辨析】 forgive，excuse，pardon (1)forgive側(cè)重指在感情上原諒了某人的過(guò)錯(cuò)或?qū)ψ约旱拿胺福辉賾嵑藁虿粷M。 (2)excuse側(cè)重指原諒輕微的過(guò)錯(cuò)、失禮等，不涉及到處理或懲罰。 (3)pardon原諒不予追究，指寬恕嚴(yán)重的過(guò)失、罪惡或嚴(yán)重的冒犯，尤指反法律、反道德的過(guò)失。 ①They forgave us for our rudeness. ②Please excuse me for interruption. ③The governor pardoned the two offenders. 【即境活用】 5．Mary did do some bad things about me，but I have ________ her for that. A．regretted　　　　　　　 B．freed C．relaxed D．forgiven 解析：選D。句意“瑪麗對(duì)我做了些不好的事，但是我原諒了她?！? 4.mention　v．　涉及，提及　n．　提及，說(shuō)起 (回歸課本P41)Then the website was mentioned on a radio programme and suddenly the site became very popular. 之后這一網(wǎng)站被電臺(tái)的一個(gè)節(jié)目提到，頃刻之間便流行起來(lái)。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①He mentioned that he was having problems，but he didn’t explain.他提到他遇到一些問(wèn)題，但沒(méi)有作說(shuō)明。 ②(朗文P1230)I mentioned the idea to Joan，and she seemed to like it.我向瓊說(shuō)起過(guò)這個(gè)想法，她似乎很喜歡。 ③(朗文P1230)It’s worth mentioning that the new regulations don’t actually come into force until next year. 值得一提的是新的規(guī)章制度要到明年才真正生效。 ④(網(wǎng)絡(luò))He has a large house and an expensive car，not to mention a villa in France. 他有一所大房子和一輛昂貴的汽車(chē)，且不說(shuō)在法國(guó)還有一座別墅了。 【即境活用】 6.I hear they’ve promoted Tom，but he didn’t mention ________ when we talked on the phone. A．to promote　　　 B．having been promoted C．having promoted D．to be promoted 解析：選B。句意是：我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們提升了湯姆，但我們?cè)陔娫捳勗挄r(shí)他并沒(méi)有提到被晉升的事情。“被提升”發(fā)生在“提到”之前，所以要用動(dòng)名詞的完成式和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 7．(武漢市質(zhì)檢)—My boy is always making trouble at school.It makes me upset. —________—there’s nothing to worry about! A．Don’t mention it B．I hope not C．What a shame D．Calm down 解析：選D。根據(jù)上文“我的孩子在學(xué)校總是惹麻煩，這讓我不安”以及下文“沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的”的語(yǔ)境可知，這里表示安慰，所以選D。 5.burst out　突然發(fā)生；突然……起來(lái) (回歸課本P30)When he reached the final line，everyone burst out laughing. 當(dāng)他說(shuō)到最后一句的時(shí)候，大家都哄堂大笑起來(lái)。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The baby burst out laughing when he saw his mother. 看到他的媽媽?zhuān)瑡雰和蝗淮笮ζ饋?lái)。 ②Hearing that their team won the first prize，they burst out cheering. 聽(tīng)到他們隊(duì)贏得一等獎(jiǎng)的消息時(shí)，他們歡呼起來(lái)。 ③(牛津P261)The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飛機(jī)墜毀后猛烈地燃燒起來(lái)。 ④Firefighters burst the door open and rescued them. 消防戰(zhàn)士猛然打開(kāi)門(mén)去營(yíng)救他們。 【即境活用】 8．On hearing the news that she failed to pass the final examination，Mary ________ and ran back to her room. A．burst into tears　　　　 B．burst out tears C．laughed with tears D．wiped her tears 解析：選A。burst into tears突然大哭。 6.in return　作為回報(bào)；作為交換 (回歸課本P40)This poem describes the painful feelings of a man in love with someone who does not love him in return. 本詩(shī)描寫(xiě)了一個(gè)男人愛(ài)上一個(gè)女人，但女人卻不愛(ài)他的痛苦感受。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①I(mǎi)f you do me a favour，I’ll do one for you in return. 如果你幫我，我也會(huì)幫你的。 ②If we smile at life，life will smile on us in return. 如果我們微笑面對(duì)生活，生活也會(huì)回報(bào)我們以微笑。 ③He is always helping others without expecting anything in return.他總是樂(lè)于助人，不求回報(bào)。 【易混辨析】 in return，in turn (1)in return意為“作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)”，常與介詞for連用。 (2)in turn意為“反過(guò)來(lái)，轉(zhuǎn)而，按次序”。 ①He gave her some roses in return for her kindness. ②The girls called out their names in turn. 【即境活用】 9．(高考江西卷)We give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and ________，dogs give us their all. A．in all　　　　　　 B．in fact C．in short D．in return 解析：選D。句意：我們把可以抽出來(lái)的時(shí)間、騰出的空間和留出的愛(ài)都給了狗。作為回報(bào)，狗也向我們奉獻(xiàn)出它們的一切。in all總共；in fact事實(shí)上；in short簡(jiǎn)言之；in return作為回報(bào)。 10.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and ________ this creates further problems. A．in short B．in case C．in doubt D．in turn 解析：選D。句意“人們想通過(guò)開(kāi)私家車(chē)來(lái)避免公共交通的耽擱，而這反過(guò)來(lái)更加大了問(wèn)題。” 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】　Having left something in the cloakroom，I went inside to get it，and found Roy going through the pockets of people’s coats.(P30) 因?yàn)槲野褨|西落在衣帽間了，我就進(jìn)去取，這時(shí)我發(fā)現(xiàn)羅伊正在翻別人的衣服袋。 【句法分析】　find后接復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，v.-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。除此之外，find還可跟形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等作賓補(bǔ)。 ①He found his parents waiting to meet him at the airport that morning.他發(fā)現(xiàn)那天早晨他的父母在機(jī)場(chǎng)等他。 ②They found the soldiers badly wounded in the cave. 他們?cè)谏蕉蠢锇l(fā)現(xiàn)士兵們傷得很重。 ③I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again. 希望我們?cè)僖?jiàn)面時(shí)能看到你的情緒好些。 ④I found it difficult to get there.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難到達(dá)那兒。 ⑤I found him(to be)honest.我發(fā)覺(jué)他很誠(chéng)實(shí)。 【即境活用】 11.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. A．smoke　　　　　　　　 B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked 解析：選B。句意為“如果廚師當(dāng)場(chǎng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房吸煙會(huì)立即被開(kāi)除?！?find sb.doing sth.＝sb.be found doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做某事。 12．(高考湖南卷)Listen！Do you hear someone ________ for help? A．calling B．call C．to call D．called 解析：選A。句意：聽(tīng)！你聽(tīng)到有人正在求救嗎？本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。設(shè)空處與賓語(yǔ)之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故排除D項(xiàng)；不定式作感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)要省去to且不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故排除C項(xiàng)；因?yàn)楸硎緞?dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故排除B項(xiàng)；現(xiàn)在分詞calling表示主動(dòng)且表正在進(jìn)行，故為答案。 2.【教材原句】　It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.(P41) 要是沒(méi)有老友重聚網(wǎng)站的幫助，我就不可能找到女兒。 【句法分析】　would have been是虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。包含without(相當(dāng)于but for)的介詞短語(yǔ)表示虛擬條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。既可表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，又可表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 ①M(fèi)an couldn’t live without water and air(＝if there were no water and air)．沒(méi)有水和空氣人類(lèi)就不能生存。 ②I could not have finished the work so soon without your help (if you had not helped me)． 沒(méi)有你的幫助，我就不可能那么快完成工作。 ③I wouldn’t be alive today without the safety belt. 假如沒(méi)有安全帶，我就活不到今天了。 【即境活用】 13．But for your help，I ________ the place. A．can’t find　　　　　　 B．can’t have found C．couldn’t have found D．haven’t found 解析：選C。But for your help＝Without your help＝If you had not helped me＝If it had not been for your help。根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)，主句應(yīng)用sb.could(not)have done。 14．What would have happened if you ________ her out of trouble? A．couldn’t help B．wouldn’t help C．hadn’t helped D．didn’t help 解析：選C。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 111