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111 高考英語(yǔ)一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版必修五Module 5 知識(shí)詳解 1.perform　vt.　做；執(zhí)行；履行；表演；正式進(jìn)行；實(shí)施(某事) vi.　表演；表現(xiàn)；(機(jī)器)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) (回歸課本P42)He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. 他感到很失望，因?yàn)樗?988年的首爾奧運(yùn)會(huì)上表現(xiàn)得不好。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The young doctor performed the heart operation. 這位年輕醫(yī)生為病人做了心臟手術(shù)。 ②Our team performed well in the match yesterday. 我們隊(duì)在昨天的比賽中表現(xiàn)得很出色。 ③They will give a performance/put on performances at the theatre.他們將在那家劇院演出。 【即境活用】 1.How teachers ________ in their classes has a strong influence on the growth of the students. A．played　　　　　　　　 B．showed C．thought D．performed 解析：選D。句意“教師在課堂上的表現(xiàn)如何對(duì)學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)有重大影響”。 2．No matter how many times ________，Shakespear’s works are always welcomed. A．performing B．performed C．being performed D．having performed 解析：選B。此處是省略句，用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句No matter how many times they’re performed.。 2.advantage　n．　[C；U]優(yōu)勢(shì)，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處，有利條件 (回歸課本P42)．..and they had a major advantage over their better-known rivals—they were cheaper. ……他們和對(duì)手相比有個(gè)明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)——產(chǎn)品更便宜。 【歸納總結(jié)】 have an advantage over sb./sth. 比……占有優(yōu)勢(shì) have the advantage of (doing) sth. 有……優(yōu)點(diǎn) take advantage of sb./sth. 利用…… to sb.’s advantage/to the advantage of sb. 對(duì)某人有利 be at an advantage 占優(yōu)勢(shì) (反)disadvantage n. 不利條件 【例句探源】 ①Her teaching experience gave her a big advantage over the other applicants for the job. 她的教學(xué)經(jīng)歷使她比起其他求職者具有更大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 ②Yao Ming has an advantage over other players in playing basketball.姚明在打籃球方面比其他選手更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。 ③This method has the advantage of saving a lot of fuel. 這個(gè)方法有節(jié)省很多燃料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 ④(朗文P27)Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you！不要把汽車借給他們——他們?cè)诶媚悖? ⑤The lawyer’s letter said she would hear something to her advantage if she contacted him. 律師的信上說(shuō)，如果她同他聯(lián)絡(luò)，她會(huì)聽到對(duì)她有利的消息。 ⑥(朗文P30)Applicants with computer skills will be at an advantage.具有電腦技能的申請(qǐng)者會(huì)優(yōu)先考慮。 【即境活用】 3．(日照模擬)You will be at a(n)________ if you have thought about the interview questions in advance in application for a job. A．favor　　　　　　　B．a(chǎn)dvantage C．benefit D．profit 解析：選B?？疾槊~辨析。at an advantage“有利地”。句意“在申請(qǐng)工作時(shí)，事先考慮一下面試的問(wèn)題將對(duì)你有利?！? 4.Haven’t you learned of the advantage you should ________ others’ week points in order to win the match? A．make on B．make of C．have to D．take of 解析：選D。此處you should________是定語(yǔ)從句，take的賓語(yǔ)就是先行詞advantage，因引導(dǎo)詞作賓語(yǔ)而省略了。 3.guarantee　vt.　保證，擔(dān)保，保障，確保，為……作擔(dān)保 n．　保證，擔(dān)保，保修單，抵押品 (回歸課本P42)Success for Li Ning was guaranteed，and it came quickly. 李寧的成功之處就在于保質(zhì)包換，而且反饋迅速。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P868)Take this opportunity，and I guarantee you won’t regret it.抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)吧，我保證你不會(huì)后悔的。 ②(牛津P905)There’s no guarantee that she’ll come. 不能保證她一定來(lái)。 ③We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week. 我們保證一周內(nèi)交貨。 ④(朗文P868)The television comes with a two-year guarantee. 這臺(tái)電視有兩年的保修期。 ⑤(朗文P868)Your watch will be repaired free if it’s still under guarantee.你的手表在保修期內(nèi)可享受免費(fèi)修理。 【即境活用】 5.They are demanding certain ________ before they sign the treaty. A．guarantees　　　　　B．promise C．words D．insurance 解析：選A。guarantee在這里用作名詞，意為“抵押物，擔(dān)保物”。B項(xiàng)為“允諾”；C項(xiàng)為“話，詞”；D項(xiàng)為“保險(xiǎn)”。只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。 6．Goods in this supermarket are honestly sold with money-back ________ against poor quality within a month. A．proof B．certainty C．insurance D．guarantee 解析：選D。句意：這個(gè)超級(jí)市場(chǎng)上的物品一個(gè)月內(nèi)因質(zhì)量問(wèn)題保證退款。 4.declare 　vt.　宣告；宣布；宣稱；聲明；申報(bào) (回歸課本P49)The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner. 美國(guó)人提出抗議，最終那位美國(guó)選手被宣布獲勝。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Jones was declared the winner of the fight. 瓊斯被宣布為拳擊賽的優(yōu)勝者。 ②(朗文P487)The doctor finally declared that the man was dead.醫(yī)生最終宣布該男子死亡。 ③In September 1939，Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. 1939年9月，英國(guó)在德國(guó)入侵波蘭后向德國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)。 ④(牛津P518)Do you have anything to declare? 你有什么要申報(bào)的嗎？ 【易混辨析】 declare，announce (1)declare指正式、明確地向公眾“宣布；宣告；聲明”，側(cè)重當(dāng)眾發(fā)表，多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和、宣判等。 (2)announce指正式地“公開；發(fā)表；宣布”，側(cè)重“預(yù)告”人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息。另外，該詞還有“預(yù)示；顯示；顯露”之意。 ①The court declared that Brown’s case should be reviewed. ②The government announced that the danger was past. 【即境活用】 7.In 1938，Hitler ________ war against Poland，which started the Second World War. A．declared　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．broadcast D．a(chǎn)dvertised 解析：選A。句意：1938年，希特勒對(duì)波蘭宣戰(zhàn)，開始了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。declare多用于表示“宣戰(zhàn)，宣告”，符合題意。announce“公開宣布，斷言”；broadcast“廣播，播音”；advertise“做廣告”。 8．(淄博二模)The headmaster will ________ a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon. A．deliver B．a(chǎn)ddress C．a(chǎn)nnounce D．declare 解析：選A。本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。deliver a speech發(fā)表演講；address sb. 給某人發(fā)表演講；announce和declare都不能和speech連用。 5.on the increase　正在增加 (回歸課本P42)The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase—and sport had never been so popular. 有錢消費(fèi)的年輕人的數(shù)量在增加，而體育運(yùn)動(dòng)也變得前所未有地普及。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①At present，the number of young people who smoke is on the increase.目前吸煙的年輕人的數(shù)量正在增加。 ②(牛津P263)He is away on business.他出差去了。 ③Tickets for the performance are on sale at the box office. 演出的票正在售票處銷售。 ④I met her while I was on leave.我休假時(shí)遇見了她。 ⑤(朗文P589)Helen is on night duty all next week. 下個(gè)星期海倫全都是值夜班。 【即境活用】 9．完成句子 With the production ________________________(增長(zhǎng)了50%)，our factory will have another harvest this year. 答案：increasing by 50% 6.be up to sb.　由……決定，是……的責(zé)任 (回歸課本P48)The choice is up to you，means you must decide.這個(gè)選擇“取決于你”，意思是你必須決定。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①It’s not up to you to tell me how to do my job. 還輪不到你來(lái)告訴我怎么做我的工作。 ②The temperature went up to 35°C. 氣溫上升到了35攝氏度。 ③I’m afraid the play won’t be up to our expectations. 我擔(dān)心該劇達(dá)不到我們預(yù)期的效果。 ④He’s not really up to the job.他并不能真正勝任這項(xiàng)工作。 ⑤Up to now，she has written four books. 到目前為止，她已經(jīng)寫了四部書了。 ⑥The children are very quiet；I wonder what they are up to. 孩子們現(xiàn)在很安靜，我不知道他們?cè)趽v什么鬼。 【即境活用】 10．(重慶二模)—What would you like to do？Doing shopping or going to the cinema? —________.Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A．All right　　　　　　B．It’s up to you C．Glad to hear that D．It just depends 解析：選B。從后面一句話的意思分析，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)論你做什么都行，所以去哪里“由你來(lái)定”。 11.—Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better. —________. A．I’d love to B．I’m with you on that C．It’s up to you D．It’s my pleasure 解析：選B。句意：——露出笑臉不僅有助于我們交友，而且還使我們心情愉快?！彝饽隳且稽c(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)表示同意對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)表示欣然接受邀請(qǐng)；C項(xiàng)表示由你來(lái)決定；D項(xiàng)是回答感謝。on關(guān)于；that指上文。 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】　But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport，Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.(P42) 但即使是已經(jīng)贏得了在自己運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上所能贏得的一切，李寧還是帶著一種失敗的感覺(jué)退了役。 【句法分析】　(1)even if和even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，常用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。 ①Even though you disagree with her，she’s worth listening to. 盡管你不同意她的意見，但她的意見還是值得聽一聽。 ②He won’t go to the cinema even if he has nothing else to do.即使沒(méi)有其他事要做，他也不會(huì)去電影院。 (2)even if和even though后面也可接分詞。與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。如： ③Even though falling behind，I still have confidence in myself. 即使我落后了，也仍然對(duì)自己有信心。 ④I wouldn’t like to attend his party even if invited. 我不會(huì)參加他的宴會(huì)，即使被邀請(qǐng)。 【即境活用】 12.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，________ they knew it to be valuable. A．a(chǎn)s if　　　　　　　B．now that C．even though D．so that 解析：選C。考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。as if好像，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句；now that既然，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；even though即使，盡管，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，so that前有逗號(hào)時(shí)意為“以致，結(jié)果”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，句意為：他們中許多人對(duì)他的建議充耳不聞，盡管知道很有價(jià)值。 13．Better take a book ________ you have to wait，for it’s always the case that every bank has a long queue for banking. A．in case B．even if C．a(chǎn)s long as D．a(chǎn)s if 解析：選A。句意“最好帶著本書，以免萬(wàn)一你得等待，在銀行辦業(yè)務(wù)總會(huì)要排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)?！眎n case“萬(wàn)一”；even if“即使”；as long as“只要”；as if“好像”。 2.【教材原句】　If you go into a school or university anywhere，the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.(P42) 如果你走進(jìn)任何一個(gè)地方的中學(xué)或大學(xué)校園，都有可能看到身穿印有那個(gè)熟悉標(biāo)志的李寧運(yùn)動(dòng)服的學(xué)生們。 【句法分析】　(1)the chances are (that)．..該句型意思是“很可能……”，that后面跟表語(yǔ)從句，與It is likely/possible that...意思相近。 ①The chances are that she will pass the exam. 她很可能會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試。 ②Chances are that man will eventually land on Mars. 人類有可能最終登陸火星。 (2)there’s a /no chance that...有可能/沒(méi)有可能…… ③There’s no chance that he will change his mind. 他不可能改變主意。 ④There is a slim chance of success for the football team in the final.這只足球隊(duì)在決賽中獲勝的機(jī)會(huì)非常小。 ⑤(牛津P315)If I do chance to find out where she is，I’ll inform you immediately. 要是我真的碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)她的行蹤，會(huì)立即通知你的。 ⑥(牛津P315)They chanced to be staying at the same hotel. ＝It chanced (that) they were staying at the same hotel. 碰巧他們住在同一家旅館。 【即境活用】 14．—Would you like to book a four o’clock flight? —What chance ________ of taking an earlier plane? A．there is　　　　　　B．is it C．there it is D．is there 解析：選D。此處是There is a chance of doing sth.的疑問(wèn)形式。 15.The player is under good treatment and the ________ are that he will recover from his injury in time for the next game. A．opportunities B．occasions C．chances D．conditions ?解析：選C。句意為：這個(gè)球員正在接受良好的治療，他有可能將及時(shí)擺脫傷病參加下一場(chǎng)比賽。The chances are that...為固定句型，意為“有可能……”；opportunities意為“機(jī)遇，時(shí)機(jī)”；occasions意為“時(shí)刻，場(chǎng)合”；conditions意為“條件，情況”，均不符合題意。 16.________ is no possibility ________ Bob will win the first prize in the match. A．That；that B．There；that C．There；whether D．It；whether 解析：選B?？疾楣潭ň涫?。There is (no)possibility that...表示“(沒(méi))有……的可能”。句意為：鮑勃不可能在這次比賽中獲得第一名。此處possibility相當(dāng)于chance。 111