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111 高考英語一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版必修四Module 5 知識(shí)詳解 1 surround　vt.　包圍，環(huán)繞 n．　圍繞物 (回歸課本P41)A lake is an area of water surrounded by land. 湖泊就是由陸地所圍成的一片水域。 11 歸納總結(jié) surround oneself with sb./sth.與某人/某物在一起，與某人/某物為伍 surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.使某人/某物被某人/某物包圍 be surrounded by/with被……圍繞著；周圍是…… surroundings n．環(huán)境 surrounding adj.附近的；四周的 surrounding areas周圍的地區(qū) pleasant surroundings愉快的環(huán)境(通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式) 例句探源 ①The lake is surrounded with/by trees.湖邊樹木環(huán)繞。 ②(牛津P2036)I like to surround myself with beautiful things. 我喜歡身邊老有漂亮的東西。 ③Standing on the top of the mountain，we can see the surrounding hills.站在山頂，我們能看到周圍的小山。 ④(朗文P2078)It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings.我花了好幾個(gè)星期才適應(yīng)了新環(huán)境。 即境活用 1.A lot of children at the school do not live in the town，but come from the________countryside. A．surrounded　　　B．surrounding C．surroundings D．surround 解析：選B。句意：這所學(xué)校的許多學(xué)生不是住在城市，而是來自周圍的農(nóng)村。 2．完成句子 Our school______________________green trees and clear water，and we are studying in the________________. 我們學(xué)校被綠樹碧水環(huán)繞，我們在愉快的環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)。 解析：be surrounded by/with意為“被……環(huán)繞”。surroundings意為“環(huán)境”。 答案：is surrounded by/with；pleasant surroundings 2 forbid　vt.　禁止，阻止；不許 (回歸課本P45)Swimming from the boat is forbidden. 從船上跳下去游泳是被禁止的 歸納總結(jié) 例句探源 ①(高考遼寧卷)Children should be forbidden from watching TV. 兒童應(yīng)被禁止看電視。 ②The manager forbids smoking during office hours. 經(jīng)理禁止在辦公時(shí)間吸煙。 ③He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment. 作為懲罰，他被禁止離開基地。 易混辨析 forbid，ban (1)forbid是常用詞，指“命令某人不做某事”。 (2)ban語氣較重，指權(quán)威機(jī)關(guān)“正式禁止”。常構(gòu)成ban doing sth.或ban sb.from doing sth.搭配。①Swimming is banned/forbidden in this river. ②The doctor forbids him to smoke. ③Students are banned from reading dirty books. 即境活用 3．The students are forbidden，unless they have special passes，________after 11 p．m.. A．of staying out　　　　 B．to stay out C．staying out D．stay out 解析：選B。句意是：學(xué)生們被禁止晚上11點(diǎn)以后在外面逗留，除非有特別的許可證。此句要用sb.is forbidden to do sth.句式，動(dòng)詞不定式to stay out作主語補(bǔ)足語。 4.Our school forbids________，that is to say，we are not allowed________at school. A．to smoke；to smoke B．students’ smoking；smoking C．students’ to smoke；smoking D．students’ smoking；to smoke 解析：選D。forbid one’s doing sth.＝forbid sb.to do sth.“禁止某人做某事”；allow sb.to do sth.“允許某人做某事”，此處為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，注意比較allow doing sth.。 3 view　n．　景色，風(fēng)景；觀點(diǎn)，見解；觀察，觀看；意見 vt.　觀察，觀看 (回歸課本P49)He always chooses a postcard with a beautiful view... 他總是選擇一個(gè)帶有美麗風(fēng)景的明信片…… 歸納總結(jié) 例句探源 ①We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill. 從山頂上我們清楚地看到了全城的景色。 ②What is your view on school punishments? 對學(xué)校的處罰你有什么看法？ ③Several possible buyers have come to view the house. 幾個(gè)可能成為買主的人來看過房子。 ④In my view，you’re wrong to impose your idea on others. 在我看來，你把自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給別人是錯(cuò)誤的。 ⑤(牛津P2243)In view of the weather，the event will now be held indoors. 由于天氣的緣故，這項(xiàng)賽事將在室內(nèi)舉行。 即境活用 5．One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good________of the city. A．sight　　 B．scene C．view D．look 解析：選C。get a good view of意為“清楚地看到……”。而sight，scene雖然與view的意思相同，但沒有這種搭配；look要構(gòu)成get a look at短語。 4 at least　至少；起碼；不管怎樣；無論如何 (回歸課本P42)“Oh，well，”my friend said，“at least we have two more left.” 我朋友說：“喔，至少我們還能看見另外兩個(gè)峽谷。” 歸納總結(jié) not in the least一點(diǎn)也不,to say the least(of it)[插入語]至少可以這樣說，退一步說,least of all尤其是，最不,at most至多 例句探源 ①He’s going away for at least a week. 他至少一星期出去一次。 ②You might at least say“thank you”． 你起碼該說聲“謝謝你”。 ③It will take you at least 20 minutes to get there. 到那里至少要花費(fèi)你20分鐘的時(shí)間。 即境活用 6．The house still needed a lot of work，but________the kitchen was finished. A．instead　　 B．a(chǎn)ltogether C．a(chǎn)t once D．a(chǎn)t least 解析：選D。句意是：這所房子仍然需要做許多工作，但至少廚房已完工了。根據(jù)句意推斷，用at least表示“至少”。instead代替；altogether一起；at once立刻。 7.The suit is the most expensive.It costs________1,000 yuan. A．a(chǎn)t most B．a(chǎn)t last C．a(chǎn)t least D．a(chǎn)t all 解析：選C?？疾樵~組的應(yīng)用。句意為：這套西裝很貴，至少1000元。at least“至少”，符合句意。at most意為“至多”；at last意為“最后”；at all意為“根本”。 5 get a kick out of　(俚語)從……中得到樂趣 (回歸課本P48)I get a kick out of travelling. 我從旅行中得到樂趣。 歸納總結(jié) 例句探源 ①(朗文P1128)I get a real kick out of watching my two cats play. 我從看我的兩只貓玩耍中獲得很大樂趣。 ②I don’t expect to win when I bet－I do it for kicks. 打賭時(shí)我并不想贏——我是為了尋求刺激。 ③He kicked at/against the treatment he was receiving. 對他受到的待遇他表示抗議。 ④I can’t believe that Glen’s wife kicked him out. 我無法相信格倫的太太把他攆了出去。 即境活用 8．He gets a good deal of________out of motor racing. A．hit　　　　　　　　　　B．kick C．beat D．strike 解析：選B。句意：“他從飆車中得到很大的樂趣?！? 9.What a kick we________out of the visit! A．had B．made C．got D．took 解析：選C。get a kick out of...為固定搭配，意為“從……中得到樂趣”。 句型梳理 1【教材原句】　He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.(P42) 他和一位同事將在那里的一所教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院任教英語兩年。 【句法分析】　be to do sth.在此處表示按照計(jì)劃或根據(jù)安排將要做某事。 be to do的用法歸納如下： (1)表示按約定、計(jì)劃、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、要求等即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這是將來時(shí)的一種用法。 ①They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at ten tomorrow morning. 他們明天上午十點(diǎn)鐘一起去看這位老師。 【注意】　如果表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算或計(jì)劃，要用was/were to have done形式。 ②We were to have told you，but you were not in. 我們本來想告訴你的，但是你不在家。 (2)表示必須或應(yīng)該，在意思上相當(dāng)于must，should，ought to或have to。 ③This medicine is to be taken three times a day. 這種藥一天要服三次 (3)用來表示注定要發(fā)生或不可避免要發(fā)生的事。 ④Einstein’s theory was to change the views to the universe. 愛因斯坦的理論勢必要改變(人類)對宇宙的看法。 (4)用于虛擬條件句中。 ⑤If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就會(huì)延期。 即境活用 10．(合肥模擬)No one________this building without the permission of the police. A．is leaving　　　　　 B．is to leave C．has left D．will be leaving 解析：選B。句意“沒有警察允許，任何人都不準(zhǔn)離開這個(gè)大樓?！眀e to do在此表示“命令”。 11.Denis，who is 78，has made it known that much of his collection________to the nation. A．has left B．is to leave C．leaves D．is to be left 解析：選D。根據(jù)題意“他要把他的收藏品的大部分留給國家?！眀e to do在此表示計(jì)劃，且使用被動(dòng)形式。 2【教材原句】　I’m allowed to stick one in only if I’ve been in a place for more than 24 hours.(P49) 只有待在一個(gè)地方超過24小時(shí)我才能釘一個(gè)圖釘。 【句法分析】　only if意為“只有；只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，only起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用；當(dāng)only if位于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝句式。 ①I told him he would succeed only if he worked hard. 我告訴他，只有努力才能成功。 ②Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情況緊急時(shí)，你才可以在半夜叫醫(yī)生看病。 if only意為“但愿，要是……就好了”，主要用于虛擬語氣中，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望或非真實(shí)的條件。表達(dá)的愿望與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式。 ③I am so tired.If only I could take the day off tomorrow. 我太疲倦了。如果明天能不上班多好。(虛擬語氣，將來的愿望) ④If only I had taken my father’s advice. 要是我當(dāng)時(shí)聽了父親的忠告就好了。(虛擬語氣，過去的愿望) 即境活用 12．________you eat the correct foods________be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A．Only if；will you　　　　　　B．Only if；you will C．Unless；will you D．Unless；you will 解析：選A。句意是：你只有吃恰當(dāng)?shù)氖澄锊拍軌虮３纸】?。only修飾if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，放到句首，主句產(chǎn)生部分倒裝語序，助動(dòng)詞will放到主語you的前面。unless的位置變化不會(huì)產(chǎn)生倒裝。 13.________both sides accept these terms will everlasting peace be established in this region. A．Unless B．As long as C．If only D．Only if 解析：選D。句意：只有雙方都接受了這些條款，這個(gè)地區(qū)才能建立永久的和平。題干是部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而選項(xiàng)中只有only if位于句首時(shí)，才可用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 111