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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 1語言目標(biāo)：談?wù)撟黾覄?wù)的詞匯，及如何有禮貌的提出要求。 2 技能目標(biāo)：能聽懂和談?wù)撟黾覄?wù)的話題；能寫出重點(diǎn)單詞和重點(diǎn)句型。 3 情感目標(biāo)：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生愛勞動(dòng)，分享家務(wù)的能力。 教學(xué)重點(diǎn) 短語: do the dishes, make the bed, take out the rubbish, fold the clothes, sweep the floor, clean the living room …… 句子: 1. Could you please take out the rubbish? . Sure. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to finish homework first. 2. Could I use your computer? Sorry. I'm going to work on it now. 3. Well, could I watch TV? Yes, you can. But first you have to clean your room. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： Make polite requests Ask for permission 課時(shí)劃分： Period 1 Section A 1a – 2d Period 2 Section A 3a-3c Period 3 Section A Grammar focus-4c Period 4 Section B 1a-2e Period 5 Section B 3a-Self check Section A1 (1a – 2d) Step 1 Warming-up Sing the song and dance to the music Step 2 Presentation 1. Watch the photos and talk about them “What does he do every day?’ and learn these phrases: do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the rubbish, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room. 2. Look these phrases and practice the conversation: Could you please take out the rubbish? Sure. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to finish homework first. 3. 1a Do you do these chores at home? Discuss them with your partner. Step 3 Listening 1b Listen. Who will do these chores? Check (√) Peter’s mother or Peter. Chores Peter’s mother Peter do the dishes ? ? sweep the floor ? ? take out the rubbish ? ? make the bed ? ? fold the clothes ? ? clean the living room ? ? Step 4 Practice 1c Make conversations about the chores in 1a. Make conversations. Examples A: Could you please...? B: Yes, sure. /All right. /No problem./Certainly. Sorry, I can't. I have to do... Sorry, I can't. I am doing... Step 5 Listening 2a&2b Peter asks his father if he can do four things. What does his father say? Check (√) “yes” or “no”. Listen again. Draw lines to the reasons. Peter wants to… Peter’s father says… His father’s reasons go out for dinner. Yes No I have to do some work. go to the movies. Yes No You have to clean your room stay out late. Yes No I need to eat breakfast. get a ride. Yes No You have a basketball game. Step 6 Practice 2c Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2b A: Could I use your computer? B: Sorry. I’m going to work on it now. A: Well, could I watch TV? B: Yes, you can. But first you have to clean your room? 2d Role –play the conversation Step 7 Language points and summary 1. Tony, could you please help out with a few things? help out 動(dòng)詞短語，表示在某人繁忙或遇到困難時(shí)“給予幫助”。help和out之間還可以加入具體的“人”。 e.g. He helped me out with my task. 他幫我完成了任務(wù)。 They helped (us) out with the clean-up. 他們幫助我們做大掃除。 2. Could I at least finish watching this show? at least 至少 e.g. We should brush our teeth at least twice a day. 我們每天應(yīng)該至少刷兩次牙。 3. Yes, because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. be back 回來 e.g. I won't be back till 11:00. 我11點(diǎn)以前回不來。 any minute now 一種常見的口語表達(dá)法，相當(dāng)于“隨時(shí)；馬上；在任何時(shí)刻”的意思，表示事情有可能在極短的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生或眼下就要發(fā)生。 minute還可以用second, moment, time等詞替換。 e.g. Don't worry, he will come here any minute now. 別擔(dān)心, 他會(huì)馬上來這兒。 The guests are arriving any time now but we’re still not ready. 客人即刻就到，但我們還沒有準(zhǔn)備好。 We’re expecting them any moment now. 我們期待他們隨時(shí)到來。 Step 8 Summary 1. New words and expressions do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash, make the bed, fold the clothes, clean the room 2. ---Could you please…？ ---Yes, please. / Sorry, I can’t. Step 8 Homework 1 List all the main phrases of doing chores that you know. （必做） 2 Make a conversation between you and your mother, using the sentence pattern “Could you please …?” （選做） Section A 2 (3a – 3c) Step 1 Revision A: Could you please make sentences with these phrases in the past tense? B: Sure. I did some chores. -可編輯修改- take out the trash do chores do the dishes sweep the floor make dinner make the bed fold the clothes clean the living room help out with at least finish doing sth. be back from shopping see this mess mother clean e.g. 1. A: Could you please......? B: Yes, sure./ All right./No problem./Certainly. Sorry, I can't. I have to do ... Sorry, I can't. I am doing ... 2. A: What kind of chores did you do last weekend? B: I did the washes. Step 2 Reading 3a Read the passage and answer the following questions. 1. Did Nancy do any housework that day? 2. Why was Nancy’s mom angry with Nancy? 3. Did they solve the problem? How? 3b. Read the story again and read the sentences below. Underline the sentences from the reading that mean the same thing. 1. Neither of us did any housework for a week. 2. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. 3. You’re tired, but I’m tired, too. 3c. Decide whether the underlined words in the sentences are verbs or nouns. Then write another sentence using the underlined word in the other form. 1. Could you take the dog for a walk? (noun) 2. Could I watch one show first? 3. I can’t work all day. 4. You watch TV all the time. 5. “What happened?” she asked in surprise. Step 3 Language points 1. You watch TV all the time and ... all the time（在該段時(shí)間內(nèi)）一直；向來， 一向；時(shí)時(shí)刻刻；每時(shí)每刻 e.g. I do this all the time. 我一直是這么做的。 This happens all the time. 這種情況是時(shí)時(shí)發(fā)生的。 2. I’m just as tired as you are! as ... as 意為 “和……一樣” ，表示同級(jí)的比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as +?adj./?adv.?+ as。 e.g. This?film?is?as?interesting?as?that?one. 這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。 Your?pen?writes?as?smoothly?as?mine. 你的鋼筆書寫起來和我的一樣流暢。 as … as 的否定形式為 “not as/so + adj./adv. + as”。 e.g. He didn’t act as well as you. 他表現(xiàn)得不如你好。 3. For one week, she did not do any housework, and neither did I. neither 用作副詞，作“也不”解釋，放在句首，表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一個(gè)人或物，句子須采用部分倒裝。此時(shí)也可用nor替換 neither 使用。例如： — I?don’t?like?this?dress.?我不喜歡這件連衣裙。 — Neither?/?Nor?do?I.?我也不喜歡。 注意：neither 之后的主語要置于助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞之后。 neither 用作代詞，表示“兩者都不，雙方均不”。例如： He?answered?neither?of?the?letters.?他兩封信都沒回。 — Which?one?would?you?like??你喜歡哪一個(gè)？ — Neither. 兩個(gè)都不喜歡。? also, too, either, neither 的用法 ?一、 also 是比較正式的用語，語氣較莊重。它通常放在句中，位于行為動(dòng)詞之前，連系動(dòng)詞之后; 如有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般放在助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。例如: Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有兩個(gè)兄弟。 I am also a student. 我也是一名學(xué)生。 Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用漢語唱這首歌。 二、 too 是普通用詞，多用于口語，語氣較隨便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。例如: I’m in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。 注意：also和too一般都用于肯定句，很少用于否定句。 三、either 表示“也”時(shí)，一般只用于否定句，且置于句末。例如: I don’t know him. Tom doesn’t know him, either. 我不認(rèn)識(shí)他，湯姆也不認(rèn)識(shí)他。 If you don’t go there, he won’t go there, either. 如果你不去那兒，他也不會(huì)去那兒。 注意：either 本身沒有否定的意義。所以多與 not 連用。 四、neither 表示“兩個(gè)都不”，它作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如： Neither of you can do it. 你們兩個(gè)都不能做這件事。 Step 4 Summary 1. New words and expressions last month, come over take the dog for a walk, watch one show all the time, the next day, neither did I 2. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. For one week, she did not do any housework, and neither did I. I’m just as tired as you are! Step 5 Homework Make a conversation between you and your mother, using the sentence pattern “Could you please …? Could I …?” Section A 3 (Grammar focus-4c) Step 1 Revision 根據(jù)所學(xué)內(nèi)容，寫出下列短語。 fold one’s clothes, do the dishes, use one’s computer, take out the rubbish make the bed, sweep the floor, stay out late, be angry with sb., take sb. for a walk clean the living room, work on, come over, do the housework, get a ride Step 2 Presentation 閱讀下列句子，觀察問句的用法及回答。 Could I go out for dinner with my friends? Sure, that should be OK. Could we get something to drink after the movie? No, you can’t. You have a basketball game tomorrow. Could you please take the dog for a walk? OK, but I want to watch one show first. Could you please take out the rubbish? Yes, sure. Step 3 Grammar Could you（please）+ V-原形？表示委婉地提出請(qǐng)求 1. Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure. / Of course./ Certainly./All right. 2. Could you please do the dishes? Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework. 在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問句中，常用could代替can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而can則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把could看作can的過去式。以上兩句中用could是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了can, could之外，還可以用may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個(gè)概念。例： ① Could/Can/May I use your car for a day? ② I wonder if I could use your car for a day? 對(duì)于①、②句所作允答可以各種各樣，如同意可以說Yes或Sure或Certainly，還可說Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may/can). 或Go ahead, please. 或That’s OK/all right; 如果不同意，可以說I’m sorry you can’t. 或I’m really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免說No, you can’t. 這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。 ③ Do you mind if I use your car for a day? 對(duì)于句③所作回答可以說Never mind. /Not at all. 表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。無論肯定還是否定應(yīng)答中，要避免使用could，要用can或may。因?yàn)閼?yīng)答須用確定的語氣。而could在表請(qǐng)求的問句中是為了表示禮貌或委婉語氣，用在應(yīng)答中則成了不確定語氣，與情理不符。所以應(yīng)答中不說Yes, you could. 或No, you couldn’t. 而要說Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you can’t. —Could I please use your computer? —Sorry, I’m going to work on it now. —Well, could I watch TV? —Yes, you can. Could I/you please …？表示一種有禮貌的請(qǐng)求或提議，其后連接原形動(dòng)詞，比Can you /I…？語氣更委婉。類似句型有： Would you like + sth. / to do sth.? May I + do sth.? Shall we + do sth.? Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.? What / How about + sth. /doing sth.? 肯定回答有Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I agree. 等。否定回答有Sorry… / No, you can’t. 等。 Step 4 Practice Make up dialogues using the sentences in Grammar Focus with your partner. A: Could you please take the dog for a walk? B: OK, but I want to watch one show first. 4a Write R for requests and P for permission. Then match each one with the correct response. 1. ___ Could I hang out with my friends after the movies? 出去玩 2. ___ Could you please pass me the salt? 3. ___ Could I borrow that book? 4. ___ Could you help me do the dishes? 5. ___ Could you lend me some money? a. Yes, here you are. b. Hmm. How much do you need? c. Yes, sure. No problem. I finished reading it last night. d. Yes, but don’t come back too late. e. No, I can’t. I cut my finger and I'm trying not to get it wet. Note： borrow和lend borrow和lend都有“借”的意思，但它們的含義和用法有所不同。 ★ borrow表示“借入”，即把本來不屬于自己的東西借來暫時(shí)使用，常與介詞from連用。如： You can borrow a book from the library.? ★ lend表示“借出”，即把屬于自己的東西借給別人暫時(shí)使用，常與介詞to連用，也可以跟雙賓語。如： He’s going to lend his bike to Tom. You mustn’t lend others my pen.? 4b Fill in the blanks in the conversation. A: I hate to ____ chores. B: Well, I hate some chores too, but I like other chores. A: Really? Great! _____ I ask you to ____ me with some chores then? B: What do you need help with? A: ______ you please _____ my clothes for me? B: I don’t want to do that! It’s boring! A: OK. Then ______ you ______ do the dishes for me? B: Sure, no problem. But _____ we go to the movies after that? A: Sure. I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. Then we can go to the movies. Step 5 Discussion If we are having a camping trip, what should we do before the trip? Step 6 Homework Write a letter to your friend to ask him/her to take care of your house when you are on vacation. Section B 1 (1a-2e) Step 1 Revision 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. -- Could you please take care of my dog? -- ______. I’m too busy. A. Yes, you can B. Sure C. Sorry, I can’t 2. -- Could you please ____ his bed? -- Certainly! A. makes B. making C. make 3. -- Could I use your car? -- ______. A. Sure, you can B. Sorry, you can C. Sure, I can 4. Could you help _____? A. making the bed B. make the bed C. made the bed Step 2 Discussion Q1: Do you help your parents do the chores at home? Q2: Do you ask your parents’ permission for? Q3: Do your parents ask you to do some things for them? Give some pictures and answer the following questions. What do your parents ask you to do? What do you ask your parents’ permission for? Step 3 Finish 1a. What do teenagers ask their parents’ permission for? What do parents ask their teenagers to do? Write parents or teenagers next to each phrase. 1. buy some drinks and snacks 2. borrow some money 3. clean your room 4. invite my friends to a party 5. go to the store 6. use your CD player 7. take out the rubbish 8. make your bed Step 4 Finish 1b. Use the phrases in 1a to make conversations. Step 5 Pair work 1. Parents: Could you please…? Child: Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to ... 2. Child: Could I …? Parents: Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. You ... Step 6 Listening Finish 1c. Listen to a conversation between Sandy and her mom. Check (√ ) the things in 1a that you hear. 1. buy some drinks and snacks 2. borrow some money 3. clean your room 4. invite my friends to a party 5. go to the store 6. use your CD player 7. take out the rubbish 8. make your bed Finish 1d. Listen again. Fill in the chart. What are they going to do? Sandy’s mom Sandy invite her friends Sandy and Dave ? Step 7 Finish 1e. You are having a party. Invite your partner to come your party and ask for help with these things. So, talk about the following things with your partner. e.g. A: Would like to come to my birthday party? B: Yes, I’d love to./Sorry, I can’t. I have to… A: Could you please take out the rubbish? B: Yes, sure./No, I can’t. I have to do… Step 8 Reading 1. Warming up 2a. Discuss the questions with your partner 1) What do you often do to help your parents at home? 2) Do you think kids should help out with chores at home? 2. New words stress n. 精神壓力; 心理負(fù)擔(dān) waste n. 浪費(fèi); 垃圾 v. 浪費(fèi); 濫用 depend v. 依靠; 依賴 develop v. 發(fā)展; 壯大 fairness n.公正性; 合理性 since conj. 因?yàn)? 既然 prep., conj. & adv. 從……以后; 自……以來 neighbor(= neighbour) n. 鄰居 drop v. 落下; 掉下 3. Skimming 2b. The Sunday Mail magazine invited parents to write about whether they think young people should do chores at home. Skim the following letters. Which one agrees and which one disagrees? 了解閱讀策略： Skimming 意為“快速掠過，從中提取最容易取得的精華”。這種讀法包含有原詞的所有意思——快速讀過去，取出讀物中關(guān)鍵性的東西。因此，我們可以把這種讀法理解為快速瀏覽課文，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章大意。一般而言，通過標(biāo)題可知道文章的主題。對(duì)文章的首段和末段要多加注意，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)作者的觀點(diǎn)。 Answer the questions. 1) What is Ms. Miller’s opinion? 2) What is Mr. Smith’s opinion? 4. Reading 2c. According to Mr. Smith and Ms. Miller, what are the pros and cons about kids doing chores Read the letters again and finish the following tasks. I. 完成句子，每空詞數(shù)不限。 1. Ms. Miller thinks children should spend their time on schoolwork in order to _ ____________________________________________. 2. Mr. Smith thinks these days children depend on _______________________. II. 判斷正(T)誤(F)。 ( )3. Ms. Miller thinks doing chores is not difficult. ( )4. Mr. Smith’s neighbors’ son looked after himself well during his first year in the college. 2d. Write one sentence with each phrase from the letters. Discuss the questions with partner. Step 9 Language points 1. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 此處代詞it僅為形式上的主語, 真正的主語是to provide … for their children。我們也可將It is one’s job (duty, …) to do something.視為一個(gè)固定的句型, 表示“做某事是某人的工作(職責(zé)等)”。如: It’s every teacher’s job to explain things clearly to the students. 把東西給學(xué)生講明白是每一位老師應(yīng)做的事情。 provide 作動(dòng)詞，意為“ 提供；供應(yīng)”。 provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.意為“為某人提供某物”。如： The movie theater provides us with good service. 電影院為我們提供了良好的服務(wù)。 His school provided a house for him. 他的學(xué)校為他提供了一所房子。 漢譯英。他們提供給他錢和衣服。 They provided him with money and clothes. They provided money and clothes for him. 2. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. anyway是一個(gè)副詞, 若位于句首, 其后往往會(huì)有逗號(hào)將其與句子的其他內(nèi)容隔開。anyway在此句中的作用是追加評(píng)論, 相當(dāng)于漢語的“反正; 仍然; 依然”。如: Sam didn’t get the job, but he’s not unhappy because it didn’t pay well anyway. 薩姆沒有得到那份工作, 但他并沒有悶悶不樂, 反正薪酬也不算高。 anyway還可用來表示“不管怎樣; 無論如何”之意。例如: It’s just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor. 這只不過是感冒, 但不管怎樣, 你還是應(yīng)該看看醫(yī)生。 3. …h(huán)e often fell ill and his grades dropped. ill & sick ◆相同點(diǎn) ill 與sick 都可以表示“生病的”，都可作表語。如： Alice was ill / sick yesterday. ◆不同點(diǎn) 表示“生病”時(shí)，sick 可作定語，但ill 通常不作定語。如： Could you help the sick girl? 【運(yùn)用】根據(jù)句意，用ill或sick填空。 (1) The driver sent the ________ baby to the hospital. (2) My brother is ________. I have to look after him at home. 4. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. “the+比較級(jí)+……, the+比較級(jí)+……”是英語中一個(gè)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“越……, 就越……”。如: The more he explained, the better we understood. 他解釋得越多, 我們就理解得越透徹。 Many people believe that the more a person reads, the wiser he will become. 很多人相信一個(gè)人書讀得越多就會(huì)變得越聰明。 Step 10 Exercise I. 根據(jù)句意及所給首字母提示，補(bǔ)全句中所缺單詞。 1. He was i_____ but nobody took him to the hospital. 2. If you don’t study hard, your grades will d______. 3. I like Old Henry because he often p_______ us with hot water. 4. We can d______ on him for help. 5. Mother thinks playing computer games is a w______ of time. II. 根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He _________(develop) a farm from nothing. 2. In fact, young people have too much ______ (stress) today. 3. He didn’t mind ________(help) me with my English. 4. Mr. Li and Mr. Wang are both my _________ (neighbor). 5. Why did the man make the little boy ________(carry) water? Step 11 Homework After class, please make some new dialogues with the phrases in 1a. Section B 2 (3a—Self check) Step 1 Revision Discuss the questions with a partner. And take notes. Do you think children should do some chores at home? Why or why not? Children should do chores because… Children should not do chores because… Step 2 How to write a letter 1. 信頭：發(fā)信人地址和日期。 這部分中有時(shí)可省去發(fā)信人地址，但一般要寫日期。放在信紙的右上方。 2. 稱呼：對(duì)收信人的尊稱。 最普通的是Dear，但與Mr，Mrs，Miss等不同的是：Dear后一般用名字，而Mr，Mrs，Miss后不能單獨(dú)用名字，而只能是姓或姓與名，比如：對(duì)John Smith的稱呼，應(yīng)該是Mr Smith，Mr John Smith或 Dear John.稱呼后面可用逗號(hào)或者冒號(hào)。 3. 信的正文。 4. 結(jié)尾：發(fā)信人對(duì)收信人的謙稱或敬語。放在信的右下方。 這部分要特別注意英語習(xí)慣，不可根據(jù)漢語意思寫上諸如“此致敬禮”、“祝您健康”之類的中國式的結(jié)尾語。常用的英語書信結(jié)尾語如下： 寫給同齡人或年長的朋友： Yours? sincerely，Sincerely yours，Yours等等。 寫給好朋友： Love，With love， Best wishes等等。 寫給親戚：Love，With love，Affectionately yours，Your （ever） loving son（sister等等）。 5. 簽名。 簽名一般在結(jié)尾語的下面一行。 6. 常見的私人信件的開頭方式： 高興：I was so glad/pleased/happy to receive your letter. 感謝：Thank you for your wonderful gift / your interesting letter. 關(guān)心與詢問：How are you these days？/ How are you getting on these days？/ How are you getting on with your work/studies？ 抱歉：I am sorry that I did not write to you sooner but I have been very busy these days. 一般在表示道歉沒有及時(shí)給對(duì)方寫信時(shí)，還要簡述原因或?qū)懮习参康脑挕? 遺憾：I was sorry to learn that you did not do well in the examination. / I was so upset to hear that you are ill these days. I do hope you are getting better. Step 3 Writing 1. Write a letter to the Sunday Mail and express your opinion. Dear Sir or Madam, I think /believe that __________. I agree/disagree that ________________. I think it is fair/unfair for children to __________________________________. I think children should/should not ____ because ________________________. For example, they should/should not_________ because ___________________. Yours truly, __________ 2. Useful phrases. help with housework and chores at home have enough stress from school spend the time on school work in order to… There is no need for them to… It is important for sb. to do sth. It’s not enough to…