3408 手機充電器塑料模具設計,手機充電器,塑料,模具設計 外文原文Based on the concept of modern industrial design of the machine tool designAuthor: Keutzer, K. Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., California Univ., Berkeley, CAProduct Type: Journals & MagazinesABSTRACTAs domestic and foreign machinery industry, intense competition, a higher machine tool design requirements. The introduction of modern industrial design, to improve machine design and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises play an important role. In this paper, numerical control machine tools cases, analysis of the status of the product design, Industrial Design with a modern design to interpretation of machine design. in green design, human design, design and brand building semantic done a focus on analysis and argument.Keywords: modern industrial design; product design; CNC machine tools1. The status of machine tool design, CNC machine tools as an example toWith the Development of electronic information technology, the world has entered the machine to digital manufacturing Technology as the core of the mechanical and electrical integration time, which is representative of one of the products of CNC machine tools. CNC machine tool manufacturing process is an important basis for the master and the national economy. It all sectors of the national economy to provide equipment and tools, with unlimited Economic and social effects of Zoom. At present, Europe, America, Japan and other industrialized countries have completed the process of CNC machine tool industry, and China 80 years from the 20th century started, is still stage of development.1.1 understand the importance of Industrial DesignIndustrial design is a product of the industrial revolution, science and technology, Culture and arts of the emerging interdisciplinary discipline, the core task of product design. Understand the importance of industrial design deficiencies, the most direct form is the product of extensive reflection, the lack of design sense; Color monotone, the lack of the times; use interface confusion and lack of humane care. China's machine tool design and manufacturing in the production is completely lost to foreign enterprises do not lack is the awareness of industrial design. on the market, in features, performance, quality and technical level is almost the case, the product shape, color, use the human interface design becomes more and more important, or even directly to the product sales. British Industrial Design Council of British companies 1998-1999 investment in industrial design market returns compared with the year of the industrial design business, with sales up 43% on average; without use of industrial design business, sales increased an average of only 15%, business investment in the early stage of the design, average the Population within 15 months to recover, 90% of the (industrial design) project was a commercial success. This shows that: the significance of design for business are not just a superficial good-looking, easy to use, but a real commercial interests.1.2 The lack of industrial design, CNC machine brand awarenessLack of brand awareness, a common problem is basically all industries, especially SMEs, due to large environmental reasons, SMEs in the process of branding there are many objective reasons, but no matter how kind of situation, the brand is a must In 1992 after the road, Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in his speech to encourage Chinese enterprises: "We should have our own high-quality products, with China's own brand; Otherwise, they will be bullied." CNC machine tool manufacturers, too, the majority of enterprises or lack of awareness. in particular in:1.2.1 lack of corporate strategic industrial design considerations Attention to the majority of enterprises to industrial design products, industrial design is only limited to the simple design, rather than the design into the "design - Development - manufacturing, sales promotion - after-sales service" which such a system.1.2.2 lack of product design brand consistencyProducts shape the brand consistency is reflected in two aspects: one is the series products. Another refers to the series between the products. They constitute a series of intermediate products. Brand consistency required when the product design should not only Identification of common characteristics, while each product but also some differences between the modeling. that is, to do "and different."2.the introduction of modern industrial design and Application of2.1 The introduction of modern designMainly refers to the modern design concept of green design, human design, product semantics of system design and product design. In the design, these corresponding to the main design concepts are embodied in: the environment, should reflect concern for the environment; in human use, should reflect on the person's care; in product semantics, we must reflect the cultural heritage; in brand management level, to pay attention to the inherent quality products, making the design as an effective means of brand marketing. Links to free papers Download Center 3.2 Application of modern designModern design concept in the Design of machine tools are the following aspects.2.2.1 green designModern green design, Technology and Culture from the people caused by environmental and ecological damage reflection. For industrial designs, 3R principle is the core of green design. The so-called 3R is: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Green design into account product life cycle in every aspect: from creative concept to product manufacturing, transportation, from the products used by consumers to the final product recall. to ensure that every aspect of minimal impact on the environment.For the machine tool products, green design is reflected in most of the most common about two aspects:1) design for disassemblyDesign for disassembly is the product easy to disassemble and recycle materials and components from the re-use design for maximum profit, is the green one of the main elements of product design. For example, the design of the machine can be used instead of screw connection such as welding and riveting. thread connection is not only easy installation and reliable connection, that with repeated use features. In order to reduce the number of parts, but also an integrated structure with screws instead of regular screws and washers, lock washers and so on. disassembly design principles: one is to reduce the workload of demolition; the second is easy to remove, separate; third is multi-standard parts.2) Design for recyclingDesign for recycling is also one of the main elements of green design is to be considered early in product design, recycling and reuse of its components the possibility that other new products can take advantage of used or waste product components and materials .2.2.2 People-oriented, pay attention to human designHuman design, is to design the people. He is against the functionalist design defects, proposed design should not be the machine's capabilities as a starting point, but rather to people as a design starting point. To the people on the use of the product based on the machine services can be a good man. With technological development, social progress, the product of human nature that people are increasingly high requirements, especially those relating to the safety of people using the design - such as the design of machine tools - in this area more demanding.People-oriented, focusing on human nature there are two concepts: First, consistent with human scale; the second is to have a good interface. Meet the human scale, requiring agricultural product design process, can be used provided ergonomics data, the operator of the space, the operating table and so the level of comprehensive consideration. such as the operation of CNC machine tool design space, it is necessary under the dynamic relationship between people in the operation to determine the size of the space is reasonable or not. Second, good interface, can be more convenient to operate, fast, safe and reliable.2.2.3 To take into account the cultural characteristicsProduct Semantics tells us, the product not only has his physical features, but also reflects a certain cultural characteristics. Machine design is like to do the wedding dress the bride, the bride's wedding dress up not only the beautiful bride, and the most to reflect the national characteristics and rich cultural connotations. in the pursuit of scientific value of the machine, while the pursuit of artistic and cultural value, and even personality traits into one of the nation. Machine Tools A nation, an industry's image and design level. Machine Tools formed by the two style factors. First, the level of Technology and then the second is inseparable from the then fashionable style. in order to achieve their scientific value, the integration of Art and cultural values, cultural elements of how to use it is particularly important .2.2.4 Product Modeling maintain brand identityProduct design theory tells us that design is no longer a simple modeling activities, but should be incorporated into the design to manufacturing, promotion, use the final product of this great cycle of waste recovery process is a means of brand management. Many companies ignore this. For example, many agricultural products on the market, if torn off the label, you can not determine which manufacturers it is, modeling the lack of uniqueness of the brand, so when the product design should be noted The question is: Can the product reflects the brand's characteristic shape. To embody the characteristics of the brand to note two points: that is to focus on elements of the unity of the whole product. that is required in the form of agricultural products, colors, materials, details of the select favorable corporate image recognition; second in a series of unified brand image to maintain. In addition, this is a long-term project, we need sustained efforts.3.ConclusionOver the past 30 years, the Development of machine tool design to take a certain amount of achievements worthy of recognition. Since joining the WTO, China's agricultural enterprises will face multiple pressures, the pressure is the most important companies from abroad. A new environment, new design. famous scientist Yang said: "21st century will be the century of industrial design, industrial design, an emphasis on the countries will be the laggards." this is for countries, for the machine design Industry and is also the same reason. References [1] Wu Qiong. Industrial Design - enhance the value of China's manufacturing Industry an important way [J]. Agricultural machinery, 2008, (1) :60-61[2] who can. The history of industrial design [M]. Beijing: University Press, 2000.[3] Ding Yulan. Human Engineering [M]. Beijing: University Press, 1991.[4] Hu Fei. Design symbols and product semantics [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1991.[5] Zhang same. Product design [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 2004.[6] Zhang Linghao, Liu Gang. Product image of the visual design [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2005.[7] NG limit, Liu Zijian. On the cultural elements used in product design [J]. Introduction to explore, 2008外文資料翻譯譯文淺談基于現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設計理念的機床設計摘 要由于近年機械行業(yè)的激烈競爭,對機床設計提出了更高的要求。現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設計理念的引入,對提高機床設計和加強企業(yè)的競爭性起著重要的作用。本文以數(shù)控機床為例,分析了該產品設計的現(xiàn)狀,用現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設計理念來詮釋機床設計。在產品綠色設計、人性化設計、語意設計和品牌建設方面做了重點分析和論證。 關鍵詞:現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設計理念; 產品設計; 數(shù)控機床 1. 機床設計的現(xiàn)狀,以數(shù)控機床為例隨著電子信息技術的發(fā)展,世界機床業(yè)已進入了以數(shù)字化制造技術為核心的機電一體化時代,其中數(shù)控機床就是代表產品之一。數(shù)控機床是制造業(yè)的加工母機和國民經濟的重要基礎。它為國民經濟各個部門提供裝備和手段,具有無限放大的經濟與社會效應。目前,歐、美、日等工業(yè)化國家已先后完成了數(shù)控機床產業(yè)化進程,而中國從 20 世紀 80 年代開始起步,仍處于發(fā)展階段。 1.1 對工業(yè)設計的重要性認識不足 工業(yè)設計是工業(yè)革命的產物,是科學技術和文化藝術多學科交叉的新興學科,其核心任務是產品造型設計。對工業(yè)設計的重要性認識的不足,最直接的反映就是產品造型粗放,缺少設計感;色彩單調,缺乏時代性;使用界面混亂,缺乏人文關懷。中國的機床設計在生產和制造上完全不輸給國外的企業(yè),缺少的就是工業(yè)設計的意識。就市場而言,在功能、性能、質量、技術水平差不多的情況下,產品的造型,色彩,使用的界面的人性化設計就顯得越來越重要,甚至直接決定產品的銷售量。英國工業(yè)設計委員會1998-1999 年度對英國企業(yè)的工業(yè)設計投入與市場收益作比較,該年度采用工業(yè)設計的企業(yè),銷售額平均增長 43%;而未采用工業(yè)設計的企業(yè),銷售額平均僅增長 15%,企業(yè)對設計的前期投資,平均在 15 個月內即口收回,有 90%的(工業(yè)設計)項目都獲得了商業(yè)上的成功。這表明:設計對于企業(yè)的意義不只是產品表面上的好看,好用,而是實實在在的商業(yè)利益。 1.2 數(shù)控機床的工業(yè)設計缺少品牌意識缺少品牌的意識,基本上是所有行業(yè)的通病,尤其是中小企業(yè),由于大環(huán)境的原因,中小企業(yè)在品牌化的過程中存在著很多客觀的原因,但不管情況怎么樣,品牌化是一個必經之路。1992 年,鄧小平在南巡講話中鼓勵中國企業(yè):“我們應該有自己的拳頭產品,擁有中國自己的品牌;否則就要受人欺負” 。數(shù)控機床生產企業(yè)也是一樣,多數(shù)的企業(yè)還是缺乏這方面的意識。具體表現(xiàn)在: 1.2.1 產品的工業(yè)設計缺乏企業(yè)策略性的考量 重視工業(yè)設計的多數(shù)企業(yè)把產品的工業(yè)設計只局限在單純的造型設計上,而不是把設計納入“設計-開發(fā)-生產制造、宣傳銷售-售后服務”這樣一個系統(tǒng)當中。1.2.2 系列產品造型設計缺乏品牌連貫性 系列產品造型的品牌連貫性體現(xiàn)在兩個方面:一個是指系列內產品。另一個指的是系列間的產品。他們構成系列間產品。品牌的連貫性要求在對產品進行造型設計時既要有共同的識別特征,同時,每個產品之間造型上又要有所差別。即要做到“和而不同” 。2 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設計理念的引入與應用2.1 現(xiàn)代設計理念的引入 現(xiàn)代設計理念主要指綠色設計、人性化設計、產品語意的設計和產品的系統(tǒng)設計等。在設計上,這些主要設計理念與之相對應分別體現(xiàn)在:在環(huán)境方面,要體現(xiàn)對環(huán)境的關注;在人使用方面,要體現(xiàn)對人的關懷;在產品語意方面,要體現(xiàn)當?shù)氐奈幕厣?在品牌經營層面,要關注產品內在的品質,使得設計成為品牌營銷的有效手段。2.2 現(xiàn)代設計理念的應用 現(xiàn)代設計理念在機床產品設計中的運用主要有以下幾個方面.2.2.1 綠色設計 綠色設計源于人們對現(xiàn)代技術文化所引起的環(huán)境及生態(tài)的破壞的反思。對于工業(yè)設計來說,3R 原則是綠色設計的核心。所謂的 3R 是指:Reduce、Recycle 和 Reuse。綠色設計要求考慮產品在生命周期內的每一個環(huán)節(jié):從產品的創(chuàng)意構思到制造、運輸,從產品被消費者使用到最后產品的回收。確保每一個環(huán)節(jié)對環(huán)境的影響最小。 對于機床產品來說,綠色設計最主要最常見的體現(xiàn)在一下兩個方面: 1)可拆卸性設計 可拆卸性設計是一種使產品容易拆卸并能從材料回收和零件重新使用中獲得最高利潤的設計方法,是綠色產品設計的主要內容之一。例如,在機床設計中可以用螺紋聯(lián)接來代替焊接和鉚接等。螺紋聯(lián)接不僅易于拆裝而且聯(lián)結可靠,即具有重復使用的特點。為了減少零件數(shù)量,還可使用螺釘集成結構來代替普通螺釘和墊片、防松墊圈等?？刹鹦缎栽O計原則:一是減少拆卸的工作量;二是易于拆卸、分離;三是多用標準件。 2)可回收性設計 可回收性設計也是綠色設計的主要內容之一,就是在產品設計初期時考慮其零件回收及再利用的可能性,即在其它新產品中可以利用使用過的或廢棄產品中的零部件及材料。 2.2.2 以人為本,注重人性化設計 人性化設計,就是要設計以人為本。他是針對功能主義設計思想的缺陷,提出設計不應該以機器的功能為出發(fā)點,而應該把人作為設計的出發(fā)點。以人對產品的使用為基礎,使機器能夠很好的為人服務。隨著技術的發(fā)展,社會的進步,人們對產品的人性化要求也越來越高,尤其是一些關乎人們使用安全的設計—諸如機床產品的設計—在這個方面的要求更高。 　　以人為本,注重人性化有兩個概念:一是符合人的尺度;二是要有很好的操作界面。符合人的尺度,要求在農機產品設計過程當中,可以運用人機工程學的所提供的數(shù)據,對操作的空間大小,操作臺面的高低等等進行綜合考量。比如設計數(shù)控機床的操作空間時,就要根據人在操作時動態(tài)關系來確定空間的大小合理與否。第二,良好的操作界面,可以使操作起來更加的方便、快捷、安全可靠。 2.2.3 要兼顧文化特色產品語意學告訴我們,產品不僅僅有他的物質功能之外,還體現(xiàn)了一定的文化特征。機床的造型設計猶如給新娘做嫁衣,新娘的嫁衣不僅可以使新娘子漂亮起來,而且最能體現(xiàn)民族特征和深厚的文化內涵。在追求機床的科學價值的同時追求藝術和文化價值,甚至將民族的個性特征融入其中。機床造型體現(xiàn)一個國家、一個行業(yè)的形象和設計水平。機床造型風格的形成受兩方面因素的影響。一是與當時的科技水平有關,二是離不開當時的時尚風格。要想實現(xiàn)其科學價值與藝術文化價值的融合,文化元素的如何應用顯得尤為重要。2.2.4 產品造型的品牌特性的維持 產品系統(tǒng)設計理論告訴我們,設計不再是一個單純的造型活動,而應該把設計納入到生產制造、宣傳、使用到最后產品廢棄回收這一大的循環(huán)過程當中,是品牌經營的一個手段。很多企業(yè)忽視了這一點。比如,很多市場上的農機產品,如果撕去上面的標簽,你無法確定它是哪個廠商生產的,造型上缺少品牌的獨特性,因此,在產品造型設計時要注意的問題是:產品的造型能否體現(xiàn)品牌的特性。要體現(xiàn)品牌的特性要注意兩點:一點是要注重產品整體要素的統(tǒng)一。即是要求農機產品在形態(tài)、色彩、材料、細節(jié)方面的選擇要有利于企業(yè)形象的識別;第二點是系列產品品牌形象要保持統(tǒng)一。此外,這還是個長期的工程,需要我們持之以恒的努力.3 結束語過去的 30 年機床設計的發(fā)展取了一定的成績,值得肯定。自從加入 WTO 以后,中國的農機企業(yè)將面臨多方的壓力,其中最主要的壓力是來自國外的企業(yè)。新的環(huán)境,需要新的設計理念。著名科學家楊振寧指出:“21 世紀將是工業(yè)設計的世紀,一個不重視工業(yè)設計的國家將是落伍者” 。對于國家而言是這樣,對于機床設計工業(yè)而言也是同樣的道理。