3738 冶金鑄造雙梁橋式起重機結構設計,冶金,鑄造,鍛造,橋式起重機,結構設計 - 1 -Portal powerChina’s rapid economic growth in the past decade has resulted in a big increase in freight traffic through the country’s seaports . Old ports are being expanded and new ports built to handle the large growth in container and bulk cargo traffic all along the Chinese coastline.China’s port expansion programme has provided a strong boost to the domestic port equipment industry, which has enjoyed a strong increase in demand for port cranes of various types, including container cranes and portal cranes along with bulk cargo handling equipment.State-run China Harbour Engineering (group) Corporation Ltd, established under the ruling State Council, is China’s largest supplier of port cranes and bulk cargo handling equipment. The organization controls both Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co Ltd (ZPMC),the world’s largest manufacturer of quayside container cranes, and Shanghai Port Machinery Plant (SPMP), which specializes in the manufacturer of portal cranes and other cranes used in ports along with dry bulk cargo handling equipment.SPMP’s main market is China, although the company is looking to expand its overseas sales. Although less well known than its associate ZPMC, SPMP also operates large manufacturing facilities, and is due to move part of its production shortly to Changxing Island near Shanghai where - 2 -ZPMC already operates a large container crane fabrication plant.Portal and other harbour cranes are SPMP’s major production item. During the past two years, the corporation has won contracts for 145 portal cranes from port authorities throughout China, both from new ports under construction and ports undergoing expansion.In recent years, SPMP has also supplied portal cranes to the United States, Iraq,and Myanmar.The port Rangoon of Myanmar in has purchased a 47m,40t portal crane while BIW of the United States has purchased three cranes-15t,150t, and 300t portal cranes. Elsewhere, SPMP has supplied 12 portal cranes to several ports in Iraq since the end of the Saddam regime. In China, SPMP’s recent major orders for portal cranes include eight 40t, 45m radius cranes for Tianjin Overseas Mineral Terminal, while Yan Tai Port Bureau in Guangdong in southern China has purchased six 40t, 45m radius cranes. Other large orders include seven 10t, 25m radius cranes for Zhenjiang Port Group and an order of 1025t, 33m radius cranes from Fangcheng Port Bureau, while the Yingkou Port Group has ordered 1325t,35m radius cranes along with two 40t, 44m radius port cranes.MANY CRANES BUILT TO ORDERSPMP also supplies other cranes used in ports and harbours, - 3 -many of which are built to order for clients. Quayside container cranes have been supplied to a number of foreign clients including Bangkok Port in Thailand, Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan, and Port of Vancouver in Canada. In China, SPMP has supplied quayside container cranes to Shanghai Port, Tianjin Port, Yin Kou Port, Yan Tai Port and others. The company also supplies rubber-tyred container gantry cranes to domestic and overseas clients.Customers for other cranes used in ports include Guangzhou Port in Guangdong, which purchased a 25t floating crane while Zhonggang Port has bought two double trolley 125/63t gantry cranes, along with a700t overhead crane, In 2003 Zhonggang Port awarded a contract to SPMP for a 2,600t floating crane, whichi is the largest crane the company has made in recent years.Other customers include Zhongyuan Nanytong Shipyard of Jiangsu Province has purchased two 300t goliath cranes for use in its shipyard, while Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipyard uses two of SPMP’s 600t goliath cranes for its shipbuilding operations. SPMP has two factories. The Shanghai plant employs 2,000 workers while a factory in Jiangsu Province employs 1,500 workers. The combined total of 3,500 workers includes 800 technical and management staff involved in designing, developing, and building portal and other cranes along with dry bulk cargo loading and unloading equipment.- 4 -Currently, SPMP is preparing to vacate its Shanghai factory site as the company’s existing plot of land is part of a riverside area earmarked by the Shanghai Expo in 2010. SPMP’s Shanghai factory will close at the end of 2006, and move to a new site on nearby Changxing Island.“The new factory will be much bigger than the present plant,” Li said. “Phase 1 will be ready for us when we move at the end of 2006.”In addition to moving the Shanghai factory to a new site, SPMP expects future business operation with ZPMC.Officials at China Harbour Engineering (Group) Corporation are understood to have told SPMP of plants for SPMP and ZPMC to co-operate more in bidding for projects in future. Both companies are expected to retain their individual manufacturing capability, however, with precise details of future co-operation still some way from being finalised.Meanwhile, SPMP associate company ZPMC is strengthening its position as the world’s largest manufacturer of ship-to-shore container cranes, supplying slightly more than half the annual international container crane market. In addition to operating four crane production complexes for its crane manufacturing and other businesses.ZPMC’s full range of products includes quayside container cranes, rubber-tyred gantry cranes, bulk material ship loaders and unloaders, bucket-wheel stackers and reclaimers, portal - 5 -cranes, floating cranes, and engineering vessels. The company has also diversified into manufacturing other large steel structures including large steel bridges.ZPMC EXPANDING PRODUCTIONZPMC’s cranes and other products are in use at over 150 shipping terminals in 37 countries and regions worldwide. By the end of December 2005, ZPMC had supplied 705 quayside container cranes, and had orders in hand to deliver another 128 quayside container cranes in 2006. In addition, at the end of 2005 ZPMC had delivered 1,148 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers worldwide and had orders in hand to deliver 308 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers in 2006.ZPMC is expanding production facilities in expectation that the volume of orders will grow in future. The company owns four crane production complexes in Shanghai and the surrounding area at Jiangyin, Changzhou, Zhangjiang and Changxing Island.The Changxing production site, which was completed in 2001, covers one million sq m, and has a 3.5km coastline. The facility is capable of manufacturing 160 quayside ship-to-shore container cranes each year along with 300 rubber-tyred gantry cranes and 200,000 metric tons of large steel bridge structures.Plans call for a futher 3 million sq m of land to be reclaimed at Changxing, which ZPMC will develop to become its - 6 -largest production centre.港口起重機中國經(jīng)濟在過去的高速增長已經(jīng)大幅增加了本國港口貨流量，以至于不斷擴大老港口以及不斷修建新的港口以應對快速增長的集裝箱業(yè)務以及大宗貨物的流通。中國的港口擴展進程對本國港口裝備行業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了強烈的刺激，這一進程強烈需要大量的各種各樣的港口起重機的迅猛增加，包括集裝箱起重機、橋門式起重機以及其他能夠處理散料貨物的裝卸設備。由國資委掌控的中國港口工程集團有限公司是中國最大的港口起重機和散料裝卸設備的供應商。該集團包括世界最大的港口集裝箱起重機生廠商振華港口機械有限公司（ZPMC）和精于生產(chǎn)用于港口的橋門式起重機以及干散貨物的裝卸設備的上海港口機械廠（SPMP） 。上海港口機械廠主要市場是中國本地，雖然它在尋求擴大海外銷售。盡管它沒有同行振華港口機械有限公司出名，上海港口機械廠擁有很多的大型生產(chǎn)設施，它計劃不久將一部分生產(chǎn)線轉(zhuǎn)移到上海附近的長興島。振華港口機械有限公司已經(jīng)在那里建立了一個大型集裝箱起重機組裝廠。- 7 -上海港口機械廠主要的生產(chǎn)項目是橋門式起重機和其它用途的港口起重機。在過去的兩年里，該公司已經(jīng)獲得了來自全國港務局的的 145份橋門式起重機的合同，這其中包括正在建設的新港口和正在擴張的港口。最近幾年，上海港口機械廠已經(jīng)向美國，伊拉克以及緬甸提供橋門式起重機。緬甸的仰光港口購買了一座跨度為 47米，起重量為 40噸的橋門式起重機，然而美國的 BIW購買了三臺起重量分別為 15t,150t, 和 300t起重機。另外，自從薩達姆下臺后上海港口機械廠已向伊拉克的一些港口提供了 12臺起重機。在中國，上海港口機械廠最近的主要訂單是橋門式起重機，這其中包括天津海外礦產(chǎn)航運碼頭的 8臺起重量為 40t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為 45m的起重機，然而，位于中國南部的廣東鹽田港務局已經(jīng)購買了 6臺這樣的起重機。其它一些大的訂單包括鎮(zhèn)江港務集團的 7臺起重量為 10t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為 25m的起重機和防城港務局的 10臺起重量為 25t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為33m的起重機，而營口港務局已經(jīng) 13臺起重量為 25t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為 35m和 2臺起重量為 40t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為 44m的橋門機。許多起重機按照訂單在建上海港口機械廠也提供港口和海灣其它用途的起重機，這些大多數(shù)按照客戶的要求建造。它已經(jīng)向許多國外客戶提供岸邊集裝箱起重機，這其中包括泰國的曼谷港，臺灣的高雄港和加拿大的溫哥華港。在中國國內(nèi)，該公司已向上海港，天津港，煙臺港以及其他的一些港口提供岸邊集裝箱起重機。該公司也向國內(nèi)外客戶提供輪胎式龍門起重機。訂購其它港口起重機的公司包括廣東的廣州，它購買了一臺 25t的浮吊，而中港港口已購買了兩臺 125/63t雙小車龍門起重機和一臺- 8 -700t的橋式起重機。2003 年，中港港口與上海港口機械廠簽訂一臺2600t的浮吊合同，這是該公司近些年做的最大噸位的起重機。其它的一些用戶包括江蘇省的中原南通造船廠，它已經(jīng)購買了兩臺300t用于船塢的戈利亞特起重機，而上海外高橋船廠已將上海港口機械廠的兩臺 600t戈利亞特起重機用于船舶建造中。上海港口機械廠有兩個廠區(qū)。在上海的廠區(qū)有 2000名工人，江蘇的廠區(qū)有 1500名工人。在這 3500名工人中，有 800名技術人員和管理人員從事于設計，開發(fā)，建造港口類和其它類起重機以及大宗干散貨物的裝卸設備。目前，該公司正準備遷出它在上海的廠區(qū)，因為該區(qū)是預留給2010上海世博會的一塊濱水區(qū)。該公司的上海分廠將于 2006年年底關閉，它將遷移到一個在上海附近長興島的新廠區(qū)?！靶聫S區(qū)將比現(xiàn)有的廠區(qū)大， ”李說， “當 2006年年底我們遷出時，我們將做好第一階段的準備工作。 ”除了將上海的廠區(qū)遷移到新址外，該公司希望將來能與振華在業(yè)務上合作。中國港灣建設（集團）總公司的高層們被人們認為他們已經(jīng)告訴上海港口機械廠它將與振華在招標項目上有更多合作。兩家公司希望保持各自的制造能力，然而，將來合作的精確細節(jié)仍沒有確定。另外，上海港口機械廠的合作公司振華正在加強其作為世界最大的船岸集裝箱起重機生產(chǎn)商的地位，生產(chǎn)量幾近世界集裝箱起重機市場年產(chǎn)量的一多半。另外，它還經(jīng)營著四個起重機生產(chǎn)綜合體和一些其他的業(yè)務。振華的產(chǎn)品系列包括集裝箱起重機，輪胎式龍門起重機，干散貨物船用裝卸設備，斗輪堆取料機，門式起重機，浮吊以及工程船只。該公司還擴展到生產(chǎn)包括大型鋼橋的大型鋼結構。- 9 -振華擴大生產(chǎn)全世界有 37個國家和地區(qū)超過 150個航運碼頭正在使用振華的起重機和其它的產(chǎn)品。振華已經(jīng)提交了 705臺集裝箱起重機，按照手頭的訂單將于 2006年交付另外的 128臺集裝箱起重機。除此之外，截止2005年底，振華已經(jīng)向世界各地的客戶交付了 1148臺輪胎式龍門起重機，按照手頭的訂單將于 2006年交付 308臺輪胎式龍門起重機。振華正在擴大生產(chǎn)設施，預計不久訂單數(shù)將會增加。該公司擁有四個起重機生產(chǎn)綜合體在上海及周邊地區(qū)，江陰，常州，湛江和長興島。長興島生產(chǎn)基地將于 2001年完成，占地面積 100萬平方米，有3.5千米的海岸線。該基地每年能夠生產(chǎn) 160臺船岸集裝箱起重機和300臺輪胎式龍門起重機以及 20，0000 噸的大型鋼橋結構。其計劃在長興島進一步填海 3百萬平方米，屆時它將成為振華最大的生產(chǎn)中心。