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摘 要
電力機(jī)車本身不帶原動(dòng)機(jī)，靠接受接觸電網(wǎng)送來的電流作為能源，由牽引電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)車的車輪。電力機(jī)車具有功率大、熱效率高、速度快、過載能力強(qiáng)和運(yùn)行可靠等主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且不污染環(huán)境，特別適用于運(yùn)輸繁忙的鐵路干線和隧道多，坡度大的山區(qū)鐵路。
電力機(jī)車的工作原理，接觸導(dǎo)線上的電流，經(jīng)受電弓進(jìn)入機(jī)車后經(jīng)過主斷路器再進(jìn)入主變壓器，交流電從主變壓器的牽引繞組經(jīng)過硅機(jī)組整流后，向六臺(tái)分兩組并聯(lián)的牽引電動(dòng)機(jī)集中供應(yīng)直流電，使?fàn)恳妱?dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩，將電能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能，經(jīng)過齒輪的傳遞驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)車動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
受電弓動(dòng)作原理：
（1）升弓：壓縮空氣經(jīng)電空閥均勻進(jìn)入傳動(dòng)氣缸，氣缸活塞壓縮氣缸內(nèi)的降弓彈簧，此時(shí)升弓彈簧使下臂桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，抬起上框架和滑板，受電弓勻速上升，在接近接觸線時(shí)有一緩慢停滯，然后訊速接觸接觸線。
（2）降弓：傳動(dòng)氣缸內(nèi)壓縮空氣經(jīng)受電弓緩沖閥迅速排向大氣，在降弓彈簧作用下，克服升弓彈簧的作用力，使受電弓迅速下降，脫離接觸網(wǎng)。
關(guān)鍵詞：電力機(jī)車 受電弓 氣缸 活塞
Abstract
Non-electric locomotive prime mover itself, by the acceptance of the Catenary current as a source of energy delivered by the traction motor drive the wheels of locomotives. Electric locomotive with power, and thermal efficiency, high speed, overloading strong and reliable operation of the major advantages and do not pollute the environment, especially suitable for heavy transport and tunnel rail link and more, steep slope and the mountain railway.
The working principle of electric locomotive, the current contact wire, stood the locomotive pantograph After entering the main circuit breaker re-entering the main transformer, alternating current from the main traction transformer winding through silicon rectifier unit, the two groups of six parallel to the traction motor focus on the supply of direct current to produce torque traction motor, electrical energy into mechanical energy, through the transmission gear-driven locomotive drive wheels turning.
? Pantograph action principle:
(1) bow up: electro-pneumatic valve by compressed air evenly into the drive cylinder, the cylinder piston within the cylinder compression spring bow down, bow or spring at this time so that the next boom rotation, raised his skateboard on the framework and by pantograph uniform increase near the contact line when there is a slow stagnation, and then contact the contact line rapidly.
(2) bow down: Transmission of compressed air cylinder valve to withstand the rapid pantograph buffer row into the atmosphere, in the spring bow down under the arch or to overcome the spring force, so that the pantograph to drop rapidly from the catenary.
Key words: ectric locomotive pantograph cylinder piston