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摘要 國產(chǎn)壓磚機的技術(shù)參數(shù)、技術(shù)性能等己達到或部分超過國外先進壓磚機的水平，但液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計主要借助于經(jīng)驗，而理論上的研究工作較少。因此，對自動壓磚機的液壓系統(tǒng)理論基礎(chǔ)僅進行研究，為改進、優(yōu)化液壓系統(tǒng)，提高壓制次數(shù)，縮短循環(huán)時間，提升壓磚機的產(chǎn)能提供理論支持有一定的積極意義。本文主要任務(wù)就是了解液壓壓磚機的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，對液壓機本體結(jié)構(gòu)的主要部件進行強度核算，保證機器的運行安全。同時根據(jù)壓力和流量這兩個液壓系統(tǒng)的主要參數(shù)來選擇液壓元件、輔件和原動機的規(guī)格。最后對液壓機的技術(shù)性能進行估算，以便從幾種設(shè)計方案中比較出最佳方案，或判斷其設(shè)計質(zhì)量。本文中進行了：系統(tǒng)壓力損失計算，系統(tǒng)效率計算，系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱與溫升計算，液壓沖擊計算等。 關(guān)鍵詞：壓磚機；本體結(jié)構(gòu)；優(yōu)化設(shè)計 Abstract The design and manufacturing level of hydraulic automation tile press has taken remarkable achievement not only by introduction, duplication and digestion of oversea advanced equipment, but also by independent manufacturing of hydraulic automation tile press with knowledge authorization. Although the technological parameters and functions of domestic hydraulic automation tile press has been gained or exceeded partly oversea advanced technological level of hydraulic automation tile press, design on the hydraulic system is based on working experience with less theoretic research. Therefore, it is positive to do theoretic base research on hydraulic system to improve, optimize hydraulic system, shorten cycle time and increase production. Learn the whole construction of the hydraulic jewel press machine, and figure up the strength of the main components to ensure its safe running.?Pressure and flow capacity are the main parameter of hydraulic system, according to which we can calculate and choose the specifications of elements, auxiliaries and the prime motor. And last,estimate the technical data of hydraulic press to cull a best one from the several designed plans, or to judge its quality.? This paper contains: calculations of system pressure, system efficiency, system heat emitting and temperature raising, hydraulic shock and so on.? key words: brick press noumenon configuration optimum design 徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 目錄 1 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………..1 1.1液壓壓磚機的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢…………………………………………………………..1 1.1.1國內(nèi)液壓壓磚機的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢………………………………………………….1 1.1.2國外液壓壓磚機的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢………………………………………………….2 2 設(shè)計計算的內(nèi)容和步驟……………………………………………………………………..4 3 液壓機本體結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計計算………………………………………………………………..5 3.1液壓壓磚機液壓系統(tǒng)的組成及功能……………………………………………………..5 3.2液壓壓磚機的液壓回路…………………………………………………………………..5 3.3本體結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇…………………………………………………………………………..5 3.4立柱的強度計算…………………………………………………………………………..6 3.5橫粱的強度與剛度計算…………………………………………………………………..7 4 確定液壓系統(tǒng)的主要參數(shù)…………………………………………………………………..11 4.1 初選系統(tǒng)壓力…………………………………………………………………………….11 4.2 計算液壓缸主要尺寸及其選擇………………………………………………………….11 4.3 計算液壓馬達排量……………………………………………………………………….15 4.4 計算液壓缸或液壓馬達流量…………………………………………………………….16 4.4.1液壓缸的最大流量…………………………………………………………………….16 4.4.2 液壓馬達的最大流量…………………………………………………………………16 4.5 液壓馬達的選用………………………………………………………………………….17 5 擬訂液壓系統(tǒng)圖……………………………………………………………………………..18 5.1 確定和選擇基本回路…………………………………………………………………….18 5.2 調(diào)速方式的選擇………………………………………………………………………….18 5.3 油路循環(huán)形式的選擇…………………………………………………………………….19 5.4 需要綜合考慮的其他問題……………………………………………………………….19 6 液壓元件的選用……………………………………………………………………………...21 6.1 液壓泵的選擇……………………………………………………………………………..21 6.1.1 確定液壓泵的工作壓力……………………………………………………………….23 6.1.2 確定液壓泵的流量…………………………………………………………………….23 6.1.3 選擇液壓泵的規(guī)格…………………………………………………………………….24 6.1.4 確定驅(qū)動液壓泵的功率……………………………………………………………….24 6.2 控制閥的選擇…………………………………………………………………………….26 6.2.1 壓力控制閥的選擇原則……………………………………………………………….26 6.2.2 流量控制閥的選擇…………………………………………………………………….26 6.2.3 方向控制閥的選擇…………………………………………………………………….26 6.3 蓄能器的選擇…………………………………………………………………………….28 6.4 管道種類的選擇………………………………………………………………………….28 6.4.1 管道內(nèi)徑的確定……………………………………………………………………….29 6.4.2管道壁厚的確定………………………………………………………………………..30 6.4.3 管接頭的選擇………………………………………………………………………….31 6.5確定油箱容量……………………………………………………………………………..31 6.6 過濾器的選用…………………………………………………………………………….32 6.7 液壓油的選用…………………………………………………………………………….33 7 液壓系統(tǒng)性能估算…………………………………………………………………………...35 7.1 系統(tǒng)壓力損失計算………………………………………………………………………..35 7.2 系統(tǒng)效率估算……………………………………………………………………………..36 7.3 液壓沖擊估算……………………………………………………………………………..37 8 壓制油缸優(yōu)化設(shè)計…………………………………………………………………………...39 8.1前言………………………………………………………………………………………...39 8.2單層厚壁油缸的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變分析………………………………………………………...39 8.3薄壁油缸的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變分析……………………………………………………………...41 8.3.1油缸壓力為零時，薄壁油缸的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變…………………………………………..42 8.3.2油缸應(yīng)力為P時，薄壁油缸的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變…………………………………………..43 8.4薄壁油缸的優(yōu)化設(shè)計……………………………………………………………………...44 8.4.1優(yōu)化目標的提出………………………………………………………………………..44 8.5總結(jié)………………………………………………………………………………………...45 結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………………………………...46 致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………...47 參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………...48 附錄……………………………………………………………………………………………...49 附錄1………………………………………………………………………………………..49 附錄2……………………………………………………………………………………….58 - 3 -