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外文原文：
Cars of Tomorrow
Automotive Engineers Team Up to Improve Energy-Saving Technology
October 1, 2006?— Mechanical and electrical engineers at DaimlerChrysler, General Motors and BMW have jointly developed a hybrid-vehicle technology that shuts the internal combustion engine off when the vehicle stops. Meanwhile, engineers are working to replace the platinum in fuel cells with cheaper materials, which could lead to viable hydrogen cars.
AUBURN HILLS, Mich. -- The high cost of hybrids has kept many people from going green, and a new Edmonds.com study shows that with the cost of gas -- combined with tax credits -- it only takes about three years to break even.
Now a new breed of hybrid is going to lessen that time even more. It's the brainchild of not one car company but DaimlerChrysler, General Motors and BMW! They are all working together to create the car of tomorrow.
As gas prices go up, the pressure is on to create cars that use less.
"The hybrid system that we're developing, we can apply to any vehicle that we have," Glenn Denomme, a chief engineer of Hybrid Powertrain Programs at DaimlerChrysler in Auburn Hills, Michigan, tells DBIS.
It allows for increased performance compared to a conventional SUV and improves fuel economy by up to 25 percent. Denomme says, "You can still haul your cargo, but you can still be environmentally sound too."
Today's hybrid works best in stop-and-go traffic -- tomorrow's hybrid will give you better fuel economy, not only in the city, but on the highway. When the new hybrid is stopped, the advanced system shuts the internal combustion engine off, conserving fuel. When the car starts to move, electric power is used to conserve fuel, adding power from the engine as needed.
Speeding up even more, power from both the engine and electric motors are routed to the wheels for greater acceleration.
The new technology doesn't stop there! A fuel cell car is 100-percent electric.
"It takes hydrogen and oxygen, combines it to form water, and at the same time produces electricity," says Doanh Tran, an advanced vehicle engineer with DaimlerChrysler’s Fuel Cell Vehicles & Technologies.
Hydrogen can be produced from just about anything that has a hydrogen molecule, and the car has no emission out of the tailpipe except water vapor.
Right now, platinum is used for the fuel cell’s parts and is expensive, but materials engineers are working to find new metals. And as for mileage, it gets 56 miles per gallon, so a little can go a long way.
The fuel cell car won't be for sale until around 2012. The new DaimlerChrysler hybrid will hit the market in 2008. It will cost more than a conventional car, but the price hasn't been set yet.
BACKGROUND:?The German-American consortium of BMW, DaimlerChrysler and General Motors are developing a new type of two-mode hybrid system for a wide range of cars, trucks and SUVs, starting with the 2008 Chevrolet Tahoe available in fall 2007. Current hybrids perform well in stop-and-go city driving, but don't get as good mileage on the highway. The new hybrid version will get 25 percent better mileage in combined city and highway driving.
ADVANTAGES:?Current hybrid engine systems have a single mode of operation, using a single gear set to split the engine's power into two systems -- routing it to drive the wheels or charge the battery -- for both city and highway driving. Like other hybrids, the two-mode combines the power of a gasoline engine with that of electric motors, capturing energy from braking that would otherwise be lost and shutting off the engine at a stop. The battery alone can power the vehicle at low speeds. The new technology can operate much more efficiently at highway speeds with a greater boost from the electric motors, shutting down half the cylinders when not needed, thereby improving gas mileage. The components of the new two-mode system are also lighter and more compact, making them especially useful for reducing overall fuel consumption.
BATTERY BASICS:?Whenever one type of matter converts into another, as in a chemical reaction, one form of energy also changes into another. A battery has two ends, called terminals, one with a negative charge, and one with a positive charge. Electrons congregate on the negative terminal. Connect a wire between the two terminals, and the electrons will flow from the negative to the positive end as quickly as they can. Connecting the battery starts the flow of electrons, jumpstarting a series of chemical reactions inside the battery to create even more electrons.
HOW FUEL CELLS WORK:?Just like batteries, a fuel cell is a device that uses chemical reactions to convert hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electricity in the process. A battery eventually goes dead when all the chemicals are used up, but in a fuel cell, there is a constant flow of chemicals into the cell. The voltage produced by fuel cells can be used to power lights, electrical appliances, and laptops, as well as cars and trucks. Fuel cells are light, more efficient than internal combustion engines, and don't produce damaging emissions. They are currently expensive to manufacture, however.
外文翻譯：
未來汽車
汽車工程師合作以提高節(jié)能技術(shù)
2006年十月一號(hào)-戴姆勒-克萊斯勒、通用汽車和寶馬的機(jī)械和電氣工程師合作研制出了一種在車輛停止時(shí)讓內(nèi)燃機(jī)停止工作的混合動(dòng)力車輛技術(shù)。 同時(shí)，工程師們正努力用便宜的材料取代燃料電池中的鉑,這將導(dǎo)致氫能汽車的出現(xiàn)成為可能。
AUBURN HILLS, Mich.說混合動(dòng)力的高消費(fèi)讓普通民眾遠(yuǎn)離了綠色生活,并且一份最新的Edmonds.com研究結(jié)果表明由汽油消費(fèi)結(jié)合抵值稅一起，只需要三年就能達(dá)到收支平衡。
現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)的一種最新的混合動(dòng)力將使用這時(shí)間變得更少。這是戴姆勒-克萊斯勒、通用汽車和寶馬汽車公司相互合作的結(jié)果，工程師們相互合作創(chuàng)造出了未來汽車。
由于汽油價(jià)格的持續(xù)上升，這將給如何制造耗油少的汽車巨大的壓力。
“我們正在研制的混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)能夠適用于我們所擁有的任何一輛車”，戴姆勒-克萊斯勒分部的混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的項(xiàng)目總工程師Glenn Denomme在密歇根Auburn 山告訴DBIS。
和傳統(tǒng)SUV相比，它不僅可以提高性能，在燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性上也提高了20％，Denomme說，“你還可以繼續(xù)拖著您的貨物，但是這并不會(huì)讓您對(duì)環(huán)境造成損害。”
今天的混合動(dòng)力只能用在這跌跌撞撞的交通上，未來的混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)將會(huì)給你更好的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，不僅是在城市里，同樣也在高速公路上。當(dāng)新的混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)停止工作，先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)讓內(nèi)燃機(jī)也同時(shí)停止來節(jié)約燃料。當(dāng)車子重新啟動(dòng)，儲(chǔ)存的電源作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的補(bǔ)充動(dòng)力。
當(dāng)為了讓汽車獲得更高的速度時(shí)，從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電動(dòng)馬達(dá)所獲得的電力將會(huì)按照指定的路線傳遞到輪子上以獲得更大的加速度。
這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)并不僅僅止于此!燃料電池汽車可以稱得上是百分百的電器。
“這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的工作原理就是通過氫氣和氧氣相互反應(yīng)，最終生成水，同時(shí)能夠產(chǎn)生電”，戴姆勒克萊斯勒的燃料電池車及技術(shù)先進(jìn)汽車工程師Doanh Tran說。
氫氣可以通過任何含有氫元素分子的材料制造出來，而且通過汽車排氣管派出的除了水蒸氣沒有任何其他的污染物。
現(xiàn)在，鉑作為燃料電池的組成部分，是一種非常昂貴的材料。但是材料工程師的主要任務(wù)就是尋找新的可替代金屬。同時(shí)對(duì)于行駛歷程來說，一加侖的汽油只能走56公里，而一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的鉑就能夠做到。
根據(jù)計(jì)劃，這種燃料電池車在2012年前不會(huì)出售而出現(xiàn)在市場上，但是新戴姆勒-克萊斯勒的混合動(dòng)力汽車將會(huì)在2008年進(jìn)入市場，預(yù)計(jì)它的售價(jià)將高于傳統(tǒng)的汽車，但是至于具體的價(jià)格至今還沒有決定。
背景：德國和美國的財(cái)團(tuán)寶馬,戴姆勒-克萊斯勒和通用汽車公司正在開發(fā)一種新型的可應(yīng)用于汽車，卡車和SUV等廣泛車型的雙模混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)，從2007年秋季到2008年的雪佛蘭，目前的混合動(dòng)力汽車能很好完成市區(qū)走走停停的行車駕駛方式，但是在告訴公路上卻不能得到好的里程數(shù)。最新的混合動(dòng)力版本在城市和告訴公路之間的方式駕駛能夠獲得多于傳統(tǒng)形式車25％的里程數(shù)。
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：對(duì)于在城市和告訴公路上行駛，目前的混合動(dòng)力引擎系統(tǒng)都有一個(gè)單一的運(yùn)行模式，利用一套齒輪傳動(dòng)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的能量分到兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)-用它來驅(qū)動(dòng)輪子或者給電池充電。像其他混合動(dòng)力汽車，從汽油機(jī)和電動(dòng)馬達(dá)獲得能量的雙重模式同時(shí)草哦沒那個(gè)制動(dòng)上獲得能量可能會(huì)拋錨或者引擎不能啟動(dòng)，這是電池可以在較低的速度下肚子維持汽車的行駛。這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)由于電動(dòng)馬達(dá)的存在，使其在更好運(yùn)作告訴行駛時(shí)有更大的提升，進(jìn)而提升汽油行駛里程。這種新雙重模式運(yùn)行的元件使汽車車身變得更輕也更緊湊，使得它們他別適合減少總油耗。
電池基本組成：每當(dāng)物質(zhì)有一種形式轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種形式，比如在化學(xué)反應(yīng)中，一種形式的能量轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種能量。電池有兩個(gè)末端，稱為終端，一段帶負(fù)電荷，一端帶正電荷，電子聚集在負(fù)面終端，將這兩個(gè)終端用導(dǎo)線連接，電子將會(huì)從負(fù)端以最快的速度流到正端。連接電池開始電子的流動(dòng)，突然變化的一系列的化學(xué)反應(yīng)將會(huì)產(chǎn)生更過的電子。
燃料電池如何工作：就像電池一樣，燃料電池是一種利用氫和氧化學(xué)反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成水的過程中產(chǎn)生電力的一種裝置。一塊電池在內(nèi)部化學(xué)物質(zhì)用光時(shí)意味著它的最終死亡，但是在按了電池中，有一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)源源不斷的進(jìn)入其中，其產(chǎn)生的電壓產(chǎn)生的可用于電力燈光、電器產(chǎn)品,筆記本電腦,以及汽車和卡車。燃料電池是一種光，它比內(nèi)燃機(jī)還要有效率，而且不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何廢氣排放，因而即使現(xiàn)在很昂貴也在繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。