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語法填空,,語法填空題—能力要求,1、閱讀/理解語篇的能力; 2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力; 3、熟練運用語法的能力。,,(2013年高考） One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 16 (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little.” His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 18 not save a bit of money?” “That would be a very19 (reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.,found,nor,why,reasonable,,Nick’s guests, 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell sale 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” “But such a small thing couldn’t 23 (possible) destroy a village.” “In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we face ended up today.”（244words),who,at,to/for,possibly,a,thinking,,Conclusion: 1. find-----found 動詞過去時 2. neither….nor…. 固定搭配 3.why not…. 固定搭配 4. reason----reasonable 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞 5. who 定語從句 6. at a low price 固定搭配 7. show respect to/ for…固定搭配 8. possible-----possibly 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞 9. a small amount of ….固定搭配 10. think---thinking -ing充當狀語,,(2012年高考） Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him . He suddenly appeared in class one day ,__16_(wear) sun glasses . He walked in as if he __17___(buy) the school ,and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City . For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _____18_(please ), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her ,it was probably the fact that she sat in __19___last row .,wearing,had bought,pleased,the,,_20__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little _____21____(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didn’t stop the kids in the class . Of course whenever they turned to look at him ,they had to look at Mary ,_22__made her feel like a star . “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head .”Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class .I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you .” The new boy looked at the teacher __23__ a few seconds and all the other students wondered __24__ the boy would do .Then he took __25_ off , gave a big smile and said “That is cool “,If,harder,which,for,what,them,,Conclusion: 1. wear---wearing -ing充當伴隨狀語 2. buy----had bought as if 引導的虛擬語氣句式,表與過去的事實相反 3. please---pleased 動詞改為形容詞 4. the 序數(shù)詞前加the 5. if 連接詞if引導條件句 6. hard—harder 形容詞比較級（隱含） 7. which 定語從句 8. for a few seconds 固定搭配 9. what 賓語從句 10. them 代詞,語法填空的考查范圍：,語法填空題的考查方式，主要有兩類：自由填空類和提示性填空類，這兩類考查的語言項目有所不同： ① 自由填空類?？疾榈恼Z言項目主要有：行文邏輯、連詞、介詞、關(guān)系代詞、情態(tài)動詞、冠詞等。（自由填空類只能夠填一個詞） ② 提示性填空類。考查的語言項目主要有：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。,,Determiner(限定詞):,Articles(冠詞):,Conj.(連詞),Part of speech(詞性), others:,v. (-ing, to do, done)非謂語,n./ v./ adj./ adv./ prefix / suffix,Noun clauses, （what, if, whether…）Adverbial clause, (when, where, why…) Attributive clause (which, who, that, whose…)等各種從句,some, any, other,indefinite articles 不定冠詞(a/ an) definite article 定冠詞 (the),Pron.(代詞),I, me, my, mine, myself,轉(zhuǎn)折,并列,遞進……（but, and, for ,or, however, besides…,引導詞,考點,Examples,請用剛剛總結(jié)的考點,嘗試用下面的短文,進行語法填空的命題 More than 220 people were killed in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. No one knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.,考點分布,More than 220 people were killed in the fire ___1_____ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months ___2_____ the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 ___3____ of the office building were completely destroyed. __4____ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire ____5__on the 11th floor. ___6___knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an ___7___(electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _8___ it was impossible to control __9__ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above ____10___(escape).,One possible version,More than 220 people were killed in the fire ________ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months ________ the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 _______ of the office building were completely destroyed. ______ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.,which/that,before,floors,The,Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _____________ on the 11th floor. ___________ knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an __________ (electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, ____ it was impossible to control ____ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _________ (escape).,broke out,No one,electrical,but,it,to escape,How to improve?,1. focus on main grammar points while reading,“聚焦”語言點的閱讀，就是要求在閱讀的過程中，將注意力投放到語言點上，“捕捉”文章中出現(xiàn)的各種語言點、對不理解的語法、句型進行必要的分析、對不熟練的語言點高聲朗讀,I was being tested for a driving license for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.,basic grammar knowledge,the more difficult, the better????,不要花大量的時間去鉆難題、偏題和怪題，而要牢牢掌握最常用的語法要點，達到運用自如。語法填空題考高分的同學將不是經(jīng)常鉆難題的同學，而是能夠熟練和準確地應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)語法的同學，減少基礎(chǔ)題的失誤就能拿高分。,,(1)對于連詞、介詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等，不僅要理解它們的意思，還要熟記它們，在考試時能準確、快速地提取它們。 (2)對于動詞，要掌握常用的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和非謂語動詞的用法。,Conclusion: You must be sure that you can :,(3)對于句子，要能夠分析其結(jié)構(gòu)，懂得在什么時候該用什么詞性。 (4)對于單詞，不僅要背誦其意義和拼寫，還要掌握基本的詞形變換。,,Practice makes perfect,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .,Let’s have a try: 2007年高考題(廣東省),I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage.,broke,who,as,settled,a,where,__________,________________,_______________,_______,I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .,Other,merrily,for,her,Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.,2008,behind,to help,his,this,that,He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.,2008,after,but,higher,natural,results,Jane was walking round the department store．She remembered how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father．She wished that he was as easy _32_ (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume． Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not _33_ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or _34_ (push) you with their elbows(肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain．,2009,2009,2009,it,to please,a,pushed,Jane paused in front of a counter _35_ some attractive ties were on display．“They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her．“Worth double the price．”But Jane knew from past experience that her _36_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father． Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered．She found some good quality pipes _37_ sale．She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _38_．,2009,2009,2009,where,choice,on,him,When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already _39_ table having supper．Her mother was excited．“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane _40_ (inform)．,2009,at,was informed,,（2010年高考） Ａ young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ___31_water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to the elder _32____ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man_____33___(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ____34_____(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home___35______a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let __36___student taste the water. He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ___38____?”,The,who,presented,warmly,with,another,saying,it,,The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ___39___ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best ____40___ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.,sweeter,when,,(2011年高考） One Sunday morning in August I went to the local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment (16)_________ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me (17)__________the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man (18)___________(sit) at the front. He (19)__________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be (20) ______________ (mental) disabled.,later,until,sitting,was pretending,mentally,,Behind him were other people to (21)________ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes (22)_____________walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him, but I didn’t like leaving him (23)_________ his own ,either. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had(24)___________ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made (25)_________ of us feel good.,whom,they,on,an,both,,,Success ahead!,Thank you !,,實詞 動詞 名詞 形容詞 副詞,,,,,,詞 性,,虛詞 代詞 冠詞 介詞 連詞 引導詞,,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞性,有 提 示 詞,無 提 示 詞,第一步,確定 詞性后，仔細推敲確定具體填什么詞,,冠詞,定冠詞, 不定冠詞,,,并列句及復合句(狀語/定語/名詞性從句),謂語、非謂語,連詞,介詞,介詞的常用用法及詞組搭配,,名詞/副詞/ 形容詞/,單復數(shù)、比較級、最高級、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,,動詞,第二步,,代詞,指示/人稱/物主/不定代詞； 單、復數(shù)；主格、賓格、所有格,,,語法填空題—解題步驟,1、瀏覽全文 把握語篇 2、邊讀邊填 先易后難 3、驗證復查 清除難點,(whole),Clue ?,a story,,???,Style:,真題分析與研究,Experiments have proved that children can 1 (instruct) in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at 2 their breath under water even before they can walk. 3 of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long 4 they are so accustomed to swimming 5 they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young 6 (swim) is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water.,be instructed,holding,Babies,before,that,swimmers,The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, 7 most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children 8 cover the whole length of the pool 9 coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions，only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage 10 among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.,but,can,without,those,廣東省2007年英語高考樣題 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當?shù)脑~語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為31-40的相應(yīng)位置。（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 36 (kill) right below their windows. She was 37 neighbor. Yet 38 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 39 why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency（緊急情況）. Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 44 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 45 the person won’t get the help he needs.,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 36 (kill) right below their windows. She was 37 neighbor. Yet 38 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 39 why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency（緊急情況）.,killed,their,none,reason,before,an,Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 44 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 45 the person won’t get the help he needs.,from,most,responsible,or,二、分析與研究 請找出文章中考到的考點： 非謂語動詞 代詞 名詞 連詞 冠詞 介詞 形容詞,語法填空題可能考到的還有：副詞、習慣用語、特殊句型等。,1個,2個,1個,2個,2個,1個,1個,Charlie Chaplin developed his own manner of acting, the one that was to become world-famous. He wore a small black hat, very wide trousers, a moustache and carried a stick that he swung in the air __1__ he walked. During his first year, Chaplin acted in 35 films, many of __2___ he wrote and directed himself. Chaplin’s earliest films __3____ silent, __4___ the equipment for adding sound to films had not yet been developed.,as,which,were,because,The ___5_____ (develop) of films with sound became a problem for Chaplin, as he was uncertain about __6___ (make) films with dialogue. Instead, he continued to make films without dialogue, but he added music. Chaplin’s later films, __7____, were not well received. He made only six films __8____ 1940 and 1966 and only the first of these is still popular today. Before he died in 1977, he ___9__ (honour) in a number of ways for __10___ contributions to the film industry.,development,making,However,,between,his,was honoured,At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed 1 the world was ____2___ an end! Eleven kilometers____3_____(direct) below the city the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century began. It was heard in Beijing, ____4___ is one hundred kilometers away. One - third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut __5____ houses, roads and canals.,that,at,directly,which,across,Steam burst from 6 (hole) in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins . Two-thirds of the people died or _____7________(injure) during the earthquake. Thousands of families 8 ( kill) and many children were left ___9___ parents. The number of people 10 were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.,holes,were killed,without,who,were injured,Focus on (聚焦語言點),Soon after Dave left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no children of his own died and left Dave a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own real estate agency. He found a nice office, bought some new furniture and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours when he heard someone coming towards the door of his office. “It’s my first customer!” he thought. He quickly picked up the telephone and pretended to be very busy answering an important call from some one in New Work who wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country. The man knocked at the door while this was going on, came in and waited politely for the agent to finish his conversation. Then he said to him, “I’m from the telephone company, and I was sent here to connect your telephone.”,(Pron.),引導詞,(parallel, tense agreement),(Determiner) 限定詞,(ordinal number),(-ing)(非謂語動詞),(Conj.),(Voice),(Adv.),(Article),(Prep.),(Phrases),,,,,,,,phrases,1、一個完整的語法單位,2、功能詞,3、不要斷章取義,4、結(jié)合語篇語境,5、不要改變文章原來的意義以及句子原本的結(jié)構(gòu),Most Americans don’t like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange)”. When they need advice,