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第3講 狀語從句,1. （2013·陜西高考）I have heard a lot of good things about you ______ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when 【解析】選A。考查時間狀語從句。句意：自從我從國外回來，聽說了很多關(guān)于你的好消息。since自從；until直到；before在……之前；when當(dāng)……時。若選before，主句應(yīng)該用過去完成時。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選A。,2. （2013·山東高考）______ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However 【解析】選B?？疾樽尣綘钫Z從句。句意：無論何時我要進行演講，在開始前我都會極其緊張。whatever無論什么；whenever無論何時；whoever無論誰；however無論怎樣，結(jié)合句意應(yīng)選B。,3. （2013·湖南高考）You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ______ you reach any decision. A. although B. before C. because D. unless 【解析】選B?？疾闀r間狀語從句。句意：在下決定前，你一定要學(xué)會考慮自己的感覺與理智。before在……之前，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句, 符合題意。although盡管；because由于，因為；unless除非。,4. （2013·江蘇高考）In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever 【解析】選C。考查狀語從句和連詞。句意：在全球化的經(jīng)濟體系中，無論在什么地方發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種治療癌癥的新藥都能在全世界范圍內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出許多賺錢的可能性。從句“ it is discovered”不缺主要成分（主語、賓語或表語），因此排除連接代詞whatever, whoever, whichever而使用連接副詞wherever。,5. （2013·天津高考）________ small, the company has about 1, 000 buyers in over 30 countries. A. As B. If C. Although D. Once 【解析】選C?？疾樽尣綘钫Z從句。句意：雖然規(guī)模小，但是這家公司在30多個國家大約有1 000家采購商。if如果；once一旦；as因為，雖然，隨著；although雖然。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時需倒裝，故根據(jù)句意選C。,6. （2013·四川高考）He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ______ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before 【解析】 選A?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：他很忙。即使他想和兒子多待會兒，他也無法抽出足夠的時間。A項表示“即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；B項表示“好像”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句；C項表示“因為”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；D項表示“在……之前，才，就”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。,7. （2013·遼寧高考）One can always manage to do more things, no matter ______ full one’s schedule is in life. A．how B. what C. when D. where 【解析】選A?？疾檫B詞。句意：一個人總是能設(shè)法做更多的事情，不管在生活中他的時間表排得多么滿。此處要用how來修飾full。,8. （2013·重慶高考）______ we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case. A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since 【解析】選Ｃ?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：除非我們有足夠的證據(jù)，否則我們贏不了這場官司。根據(jù)句意可知需要填入表示“除非”的連詞，故選Ｃ；Ａ項表示“一旦”；Ｂ項表示“只要”；Ｄ項表示“既然；自從……以來”。,9. （2013·安徽高考）It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests. A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that 【解析】選B?？疾檫B詞辨析。句意：既然你們有相似的興趣愛好，交朋友就更容易一些了。when在此意為“既然，如果”；unless除非；even though即使，盡管；so that以便，目的是。,10. （2013·江西高考）She says that she’ll have to close the shop ______ business improves. A. if B. unless C. after D. when 【解析】 選B?？疾檫B詞。句意：她說她將不得不關(guān)閉店鋪，除非生意好轉(zhuǎn)。if意為“如果”；unless意為“除非”；after意為“在……之后”；when意為“當(dāng)……的時候”。,11. （2013·山東高考）Mark needs to learn Chinese ______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since 【解析】選D?？疾檫B詞。前半句句意：馬克需要學(xué)習(xí)漢語，后半句句意：______ 他的公司要在北京開一家分公司。結(jié)合句意，前后句應(yīng)屬于邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，since既然，由于，符合語境。A項unless除非；B項until直到……才；C項although盡管，雖然。,12. （2013·新課標全國卷Ⅰ）There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ______ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. since B. if C. as D. while 【解析】選D。考查連詞。句意：無從知曉為何一個人會有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)而另一個似乎有同樣聰慧的人卻沒能做到。根據(jù)句意可知，前后之間是對比轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。while可以表示對比轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“然而”。,13. （2013·北京高考）I took my driving license with me on holiday,______ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 【解析】選A?？疾檫B詞短語。句意：度假時我隨身攜帶駕駛證以備租車之需。A項“以防，以防萬一”，符合句意；B項表示“即使”；C項表示“自從……以后”；D項表示“但愿……就好了”。,熱點考向 1 時間狀語從句 1. when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 (1)一般用法,(2)特殊用法 ①while還可以用作并列連詞，表示一種強烈的轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系，意為“然而；卻”。 ②when還可以用作并列連詞，意為“正在這時/那時”，相當(dāng)于and at this/that time/moment。 常用句型: be (just) about to do. . . when. . . 正要做……這時…… be (just) on the point of doing . . . when. . . 正要做……這時……,be going to do . . . when . . . 打算去做……這時…… be doing . . . when . . . 正在做……這時…… be busy doing . . . when . . . 正忙于做……這時…… had （just） done . . . when . . . 剛做完……這時……,2. before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 ①before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句不用否定式謂語。 Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在他們到達公共汽車站之前，公共汽車已經(jīng)走了。,②在“It be + 時間段 + before從句”句型中，肯定句譯成“……（之后）才”，否定句譯成“……就”。該句型有一般過去時、過去將來時、一般將來時三個時態(tài)，且有否定句。 It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers. 多年以后化學(xué)物質(zhì)才開始從容器中逃逸。 It was not long before he came back. 不久他就回來了。,③before可譯成“未來得及”。 He had measured me before I could get a word. 我還未來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。 ④before可譯成“趁著還沒”。 I’ll write it down before I forget. 趁著還沒忘我要把它寫下來。,3. since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 意為“自從……時起”，主句要用完成時。 主要句型：It is/ has been +一段時間+since. . . (從句使用一般過去時) It was +一段時間+since. . . (從句使用過去完成時) Mr. Li has been here since he came back. 自從李先生回來以后，他一直在這兒。 I haven’t heard from him since he lived here. 自從他不住在這兒以來，我就沒有收到過他的來信。,注意：since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用非延續(xù)性動詞，所表示的動作自從句謂語動作算起；若用延續(xù)性動詞，所表示的動作自動作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時算起。,4. 表示“一……就……”的句型。 (1)as soon as/once。 As soon as he arrives, I’ll call you. 他一到，我就給你打電話。（as soon as 側(cè)重時間或動作先后銜接緊，而once側(cè)重條件，表示“一旦……”） (2)on doing sth. /on one’s + n. 作時間狀語。 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一到達車站，這個小偷就被逮捕了。,(3)no sooner . . . than, hardly/scarcely. . . when。 它們表示“一……就”。結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞放在句首時，主句要倒裝。（主句都用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時） No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他剛到家，天就開始下雨了。 注意：當(dāng)no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首時，主句不倒裝。例如： I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我剛到車站，車就開走了。,(4)the moment, the instant, the minute, the second。 The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 我一看見他，就認出了他。 (5)有些副詞（如instantly, immediately, directly）可用作連詞，后接從句。 I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我剛走，鐘就敲響了五點。,5. until和till引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 (1)“延續(xù)性動詞的肯定式+until”表示“動作延續(xù)到……為止”，可譯為“直到……為止”。例如： I waited for him until he came back. 我一直等到他回來。 (2)“終止性動詞的否定式+ until”表示“直到……才”。 He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work. 直到完成工作他才睡覺。,(3)用于強調(diào)句式“It is not until . . . that . . . ”。 It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 直到教授到來，我們才開始實驗。 (4)not until放在句首時，主句倒裝。 Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining this compound. 直到他畢業(yè)他才成功獲得這種化合物。 注意：句首和強調(diào)句中要用until，而不用till；not. . . until. . . 句型中不用till。,6. 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的其他常見連詞（短語）。 (1)其他常見的引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞（短語）還有after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time等。 Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每當(dāng)我們遇到困難，他們就來幫忙。,(2)by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時；by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。 By the time you come back, we’ll have finished the job. 到你回來的時候，我們將已經(jīng)完成這項工作。 They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived. 我們到的時候，他們已經(jīng)種了10棵樹了。,7. 時間狀語從句的省略式。 當(dāng)時間狀語從句的主語和主句主語相同或為it，從句又含有be動詞時，從句可省略主語和be動詞。在不產(chǎn)生歧義時，連詞也可省去。例如： Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦被看見過，永遠也不會被忘記。,【真題變式】完成句子。 ①(2012·全國卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office ____________ _______________________________(這時妻子就打電話讓我馬 上回家). ②(2012·山東高考)He smiled politely ____________________ __________________(當(dāng)瑪麗為她醉酒的朋友們道歉時).,when my wife,phoned me to go back home at once,as Mary apologized for,her drunken friends,熱點考向 2 地點狀語從句 1. 地點狀語從句主要由where, wherever， anywhere, everywhere引導(dǎo)。 We must camp where we can get water. 我們必須在能找到水的地方露營。 I will follow you wherever you go. 無論你到何處我都要跟隨你。,2. where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： where引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句前應(yīng)有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞。 Go back where you came from. （where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句） Go back to the village where you came from. （where引導(dǎo)定語從句，village為先行詞）,【真題變式】使用定語從句改寫句子。 (2012·四川高考) If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay where you are and wait for help. ____________________________________________________ _________________________________,If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay at the,place where you are and wait for help.,熱點考向 3 讓步狀語從句 1. though, although這兩個連詞用法基本相同，只是前者口語化，后者較正式，常位于句首，都不與but連用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless連用。though還可作副詞單獨放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。 Although the TV set is very dear, I still want to buy it. 盡管這臺電視機很貴，我還是想買它。 Though/Although he was worn out, he kept on working. 盡管他很累，但仍堅持工作。,2. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句部分用倒裝語序，句型為: ①形容詞/副詞/名詞+ as +主語 +謂語（若表語為單數(shù)名詞，前置時要省略冠詞） Child as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他是孩子，但他知道很多。 Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me. 盡管這些貴族這么驕傲，他們還是不敢見我。,②動詞+ as +主語 +情態(tài)動詞 Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the stone. 盡管我嘗試了，我還是搬不起這塊石頭。 注意：在這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可以用though，但不可用although。,3. even if/though盡管；即使。 這兩個復(fù)合連詞意義基本相同，常用以強調(diào)讓步概念，有退一步想的意思（有時用于虛擬）。表“即使”時有假設(shè)含義，一般用even if。 We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 盡管天氣糟糕，我們也要去旅游。 Even if I were in your place, I wouldn’t take the job. （虛擬） 即使我處在你的位置，我也不會接受這份工作。,4. “whether. . . or. . . ”可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你信不信，那是真的。,5. “no matter + wh-”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時“特殊疑問詞-ever”相當(dāng)于“no matter +特殊疑問詞”，此時： no matter who = whoever no matter what = whatever no matter which = whichever no matter where = wherever no matter how = however,No matter what happened, he would not mind. 不管發(fā)生了什么事，他都不介意。 It’s a nice room no matter whom/whomever it belongs to. 不管這個房間屬于誰，它都很美好。 注意：“no matter + wh-”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而“wh-ever”形式除引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時： whoever = anyone who任何……的人 whatever = anything that任何……的事（物） wherever = anyplace where任何……的地方 I will give the book to whoever needs it. 我將把書給那些需要它的人。,6. when引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時置于主句后。 ①雖然……卻……，盡管……但…… He walks when he might take a taxi. 盡管他可以乘出租，但他卻步行。 ②本（應(yīng)……，可以……）卻…… when從句用虛擬形式為：could/should have done She stopped trying when she might succeed next time. 她本可能下次成功的卻停止了嘗試。 7. while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句一般置于句首。,【真題變式】選詞(詞組)填空。 ①(2012·湖南高考) ______ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. （When/While） ② (2012·北京高考)—Look at those clouds! —Don’t worry. _______it rains, we’ll still have a great time. (In case/ Even if) ③ (2012·陜西高考)Hot __ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (as/ although) ④(2012·全國卷Ⅰ)I don’t believe we’ve met before, ________ I must say you do look familiar. （although/as）,While,Even if,as,although,熱點考向 4 條件狀語從句 1．由if, unless（if. . . not）, if only, once, so/as long as, supposing (that)（假設(shè)）, in case（萬一……, 以防……）, so/as far as（就……而言）, on condition that（條件是……）, provided/providing (that)（假若）引導(dǎo)。 I won’t go unless I’m invited. 除非被邀請否則我不會去。 You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards. 只要你用后打掃干凈你就可以使用這個房間。,2. “祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+陳述句”的句型中，祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。 Use your head, and you’ll find a way. 動動腦子，你就會想到辦法。 3. 條件狀語從句中一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來。,【真題變式】完成句子。 ①(2012·福建高考)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ________________________ ______________________________（除非能從歐盟得到更多 的資金支持). ②(2012·江西高考)You can borrow my car ____________ _________________________(只要你答應(yīng)不要開車太快).,unless it gets more financial,support from the European Union,as long as you,promise not to drive too fast,【命題小試】 請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容命制一道考查條件狀語從句的題目。 You can have the afternoon off as long as you agree to work on the weekend. 【參考答案】 You can have the afternoon off ______ you agree to work on the weekend. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that,【解析】選C。考查狀語從句。句意: 你可以下午請假，只要你同意周末工作。A項表示“以便, 因此”, 引導(dǎo)目的或結(jié)果狀語從句; B項表示“不管怎樣”; C項表示“只要……就……”, 相當(dāng)于“so long as”; D項表示“除了”。,熱點考向 5 其他狀語從句 其他狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,1. 目的狀語從句的謂語動詞一般含有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, should等。 2. as if/though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時，有時也用虛擬語氣。,【真題變式】分析句子，寫出黑體部分的用法。 ①(2012·重慶高考)—Coach, can I continue with the training? —Sorry, you can’t as you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. ______________________________ ②（2011·湖南高考）Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever. ______________________________________,as意為“因為”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,as if意為“仿佛；好像”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,易錯點 1 混淆從句類型 （母題）Make a mark ______ you have any doubts or questions. A. at which B. where C. at where D. at the place 【解析】選B。考查狀語從句。at which用于引導(dǎo)定語從句，其前應(yīng)有先行詞，而此處沒有；此處where引導(dǎo)一個地點狀語從句。,（變式）Make a mark at the place ______ you have any doubts or questions. A. that B. which C. where D. at where 【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此處從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，故排除A和B；關(guān)系副詞where不能置于介詞之后。,【誤區(qū)點撥】 ①where引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句前應(yīng)有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞，即地點名詞+where。而引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句時其前沒有地點名詞。 ②解答此類題的關(guān)鍵是通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意理解，判斷出從句是狀語、定語還是名詞性從句。,易錯點 2 混淆從屬連詞 （母題）______ they have finished the task, let the children have a rest and play for a moment. A. For B. Now that C. Ever since D. By now 【解析】選B。考查狀語從句。for表示原因是并列連詞，不用在句首；now that表示原因是從屬連詞，多用在句首；ever since表示時間，意思是“從那時到現(xiàn)在”； by now意思是“到如今”。根據(jù)題干前后兩句的句意表示“因果”關(guān)系。所以選B。,（變式）______ the party started, the man has been drinking beer. A. For B. Now that C. Ever since D. By now 【解析】選C。句意：晚會開始以來，那個男人就一個勁地喝啤酒。for表示原因是并列連詞，不用在句首，表示一個補充理由；now that多用于句首，表示原因；ever since表示時間，意思是“從那時到現(xiàn)在”； by now意思是“到如今”。根據(jù)題干前后兩句的邏輯關(guān)系，此處選用ever since。,【誤區(qū)點撥】 ①解答此類題目的關(guān)鍵是分清狀語從句的句意及邏輯關(guān)系。 ②運用翻譯的方法有助于解決此類問題。,1. (2013·溫州模擬)The police set about arresting the suspect ______ they found enough evidence to prove him guilty. A. now that B. as long as C. the moment D. in case 【解析】選C?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：警方一發(fā)現(xiàn)證明那個嫌疑犯有罪的證據(jù)就開始了抓捕。now that 既然；as long as 只要；the moment 一……就；in case 以防，免得。根據(jù)句意，選用the moment。,2. —How long do you suppose it will be ______ he arrives at the Bell Tower? —An hour or so. A. when B. before C. since D. after 【解析】選B?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：——你認為他多長時間可以到達鐘樓？——大約一個小時。此處考查句型It will be +一段時間+before. . . 要過多久才……，before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。,3. I had such a wonderful time ______ I visited my friends in London last summer． A．when B．that C．which D．a(chǎn)s 【解析】選A。考查狀語從句。句意：去年夏天我在倫敦拜訪朋友時玩得很愉快。when此處引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時候”。,4. Never believe anything ______ any other person has believed it. A. that B. unless C. because D. once 【解析】選C?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：絕不要因為別人都相信就相信。because因為；unless除非；once一旦；that不能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。,5. (2013·杭州模擬)______ there are a large number of chemical factories, the air is likely to be polluted. A. Where B. That C. Though D. As 【解析】選A?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：在有大量化工廠的地方，空氣很容易被污染。where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。,6. Campers must not approach animals in the wild, ______ they seem friendly. A．a(chǎn)s if B．even though C．now that D．in case 【解析】選B?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：野營者絕對不能靠近野外的動物，即使它們看上去很友好。even though 引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，符合兩句前后之間的邏輯關(guān)系。,7.______ I can’t fully understand what his music conveys, his performance is quite impressive． A．As B．Since C．If D．While 【解析】選D。考查狀語從句。句意：盡管我不能充分理解他的音樂傳遞的信息，他的表演確實很吸引人。while此處意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句。,8. ______ I would like to stay, I really must go home now. A. As long as B. As far as C. Much as D. Unless 【解析】選C?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：盡管我想留下來，但是現(xiàn)在我確實必須要回家了。as此處引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”，此種情況下，從句使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，常把作表語的形容詞、名詞及作狀語的副詞和情態(tài)動詞后的原形提至句首，此處把狀語Much提前，故選C。,9. (2013·北京模擬)—Which city do you expect to live in? —I don’t mind where I live ______ there is my favourite job. A. so that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as 【解析】選D?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：——你期望住在哪個城市？——只要有我最喜歡的工作，我不介意住在哪里。so long as 表示“只要”，此處引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句。,10. （2013·溫州模擬）We agree to reduce our price by 3% ______ you guarantee to open the credit card on time. A. unless B. so that C. even if D. on condition that 【解析】選D。考查狀語從句。句意：我們同意降價3%，只要你保證按時開通信用卡。on condition that 表示“只要”，此處引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句，符合前后兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。,11. (2013·天津模擬)—Shall we stop to have a short rest? I’m feeling a little tired. —We’d better hurry to get out of this zone ______ it is getting late. A．if B．a(chǎn)s C．where D．when 【解析】選B。考查狀語從句。答語句意：因為天快黑了，我們最好趕快從這個區(qū)域出去。此處as引導(dǎo)一個原因狀語從句。,12. The teacher simplified the instructions _______ the children could understand better． A．so that B．unless C．in case D．though 【解析】選A?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意：為了讓那些孩子理解得更好，老師把那些說明簡化了。此處so that引導(dǎo)一個目的狀語從句。,