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走向高考 · 英語(yǔ),路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦,第一部分,解題策略(十四) 閱讀理解之推理判斷題,第一部分,推理判斷題是閱讀理解中層次較高、難度較大的題目。在一篇閱讀理解中一般有1－3道該類(lèi)題目，2014年各考區(qū)考查推理判斷的題目約占閱讀理解題目總數(shù)的20%。該類(lèi)題要求考生在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等，從而得出文章中隱含的深層意思，也就是通過(guò)文章中的文字信息、上下文邏輯關(guān)系等已知信息，推斷出作者沒(méi)有提到的或者沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)或情感，或者可能發(fā)生的事。做推理判斷題要以文中的信息為依據(jù)，既不能作出在原文中找不到依據(jù)的推理，也不能過(guò)度推理。同時(shí)，考生應(yīng)多了解國(guó)外文化與習(xí)俗，這有助于理解文章。,(一)領(lǐng)悟隱含意義的判斷題 “既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義”是高考對(duì)考生閱讀理解能力測(cè)試的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。 由于某種原因，有的文章作者沒(méi)有明顯地表達(dá)自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，而將其隱含在字里行間，流露于修辭手法之中。讀懂這種“言外之意，弦外之音”，要求考生具有“鑼鼓聽(tīng)音”的敏銳感覺(jué)，合理推斷的思維品質(zhì)。這是閱讀理解中較難的題型，對(duì)考生的能力要求較高，需要認(rèn)真訓(xùn)練。,[典例1](2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ·B篇) . But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.,According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices. .,27．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B．They have settled their environmental problems. C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.,答案：D 根據(jù)第二段中的“Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement”和第三段中的“ According to US government reports, emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9”可推斷出，美國(guó)政府多管齊下，污染問(wèn)題大為緩解。,(二)考查邏輯思維的推理題 這類(lèi)題旨在測(cè)試考生在理解基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷，或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀(guān)點(diǎn)或理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象或事例給以解釋。 考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，充分了解信息，才能準(zhǔn)確把握作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 在作出推理判斷時(shí)，考生一定要依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)，切忌主觀(guān)臆斷，切忌以自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)取代作者的原意。,[典例2](2014·山東·A卷) . Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said, “Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it.”,45．What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph? A．It would be given to Odie. B．It would be kept by Ann's family. C．It would be returned to Peter. D．It would be taken away by Tracy. 答案：B 根據(jù)最后一段中的“Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it”可推斷出，Ann一家可能會(huì)養(yǎng)這只狗。,[誤區(qū)警示] 具有下列特點(diǎn)的推理判斷題的選項(xiàng)是不能入選的，考生一定要特別注意： ·原文明確提到的信息，非推斷信息 ·語(yǔ)言表述正確，卻偏離題干 ·推理不夠準(zhǔn)確，過(guò)于絕對(duì) ·內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤,