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need既可用作實義動詞，也可用作情態(tài)動詞。 一、need用作情態(tài)動詞 1．need作為情態(tài)動詞，主要用于否定句、疑問句及表示疑問的從句中。 That’s all settled. It needn’t be talked about. 已完全解決，不必談了。 Why need you go today？你為什么今天就得走？,Period Four Grammar：needn’t have done & didn’t need to do,2．回答由need引導的問句時，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答時用needn’t。 —Need I come？我需要來嗎？ —Yes，you must.是的，你必須來。(—No，you needn’t.不，你不必來。),二、need用作實義動詞 1．need用作及物動詞和不定式及名詞、代詞等連用，可用于各種結(jié)構。 Do we need to buy tickets in advance? 我們需要預先購票嗎？ I don’t need your comments. Thank you. 謝謝，我不需要你來評頭論足。 He needs to win this game to stay in the match. 他得贏下這場比賽以免被淘汰出局。,2．在個別情況下，need作為及物動詞和情態(tài)動詞的句子在意思上略有差別。 He doesn’t need to be told. 不必告訴他了(告訴他沒好處)。 He needn’t be told.無需告訴他(他已經(jīng)知道了)。 3．當主語為“物”的名詞時，用need后的動詞的主動形式表被動意義， need doing＝need to be done，用法同want/require。 The floor needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 地板需要打掃了。 The garden doesn’t need watering/to be watered; it rained last night.花園無需澆水，昨晚下雨了。,4．didn’t need to do與needn’t have done (1)didn’t need to do sth表示過去沒有必要干某事。 I didn’t need to go to the bank after all—Mary lent me the money.我終究不必去銀行了——瑪麗借給我錢了。 (2)needn’t have done sth表示“本沒有必要干某事”。即事情已經(jīng)做了，但現(xiàn)在看來沒必要。 You needn’t have worked that late last night. It was harmful to your health. 你昨晚不必工作到那么晚，那對你的身體沒好處。 He didn’t need to worry. 他不必擔心。(是否擔心，我們不知道) He needn’t have worried. 他本不必擔心。(不必做的事情已經(jīng)做了),【單項填空】 —John looks sad. Did you tell him about his grandpa’s passing away? —Yes, but I ________ him just before the college entrance examination. A．ought to have told B．needn’t have told C．can’t have told D．shouldn’t have told 答案 D [答句句意：是的，但是我本不該在大學入學考試前告訴他的。shouldn’t have done表示“本不該做……(而實際上做了)”，符合語境。],寫一封電子郵件 【寫作任務】 假設你叫李華，下面海報是你校英語角的一次活動安排。請根據(jù)海報內(nèi)容用英語寫一封120詞左右的電子郵件，邀請你的外校朋友李明前來參加。,The English Corner invites you to come and see an English movie —————————— Uncle Tom’s Cabin A movie by Gezavon Rad Vanyi (with Chinese subtitles) —————————— October 26, 2012 No. 1 Lecture Hall 3：30～5：30 p．m. Free popcorn & soft drinks! Ready help from native speakers of English Good chance to learn English & make friends!,,(3)Body (內(nèi)容)：電子郵件的內(nèi)容要根據(jù)實際情況做適當調(diào)整，個人郵件可以輕松簡潔，正式郵件要注意語氣。如果是你主動寫電子郵件給別人的話，那就不可能再寫什么感謝的字句了。那就以你寫此郵件的目的開頭。例如“I am writing to ask about.”或是“I am writing in reference to.”在電子郵件開頭澄清你的來意非常重要，這樣才能更好的引出郵件的主要內(nèi)容。記住要注意語法、拼寫和標點符號，保持句子簡短明了。 (4)結(jié)束語：在結(jié)束郵件之前，再次感謝收信人并加上些禮貌語結(jié)尾。你可以“Thank you for your company.”或“Thank you for your consideration.”開始， 然后接著寫： “I look forward to hearing from you.” “Best wishes，”或“Best regards”之類的詞，常用于非正式的私人郵件中。,(5) 簽名：最后是寫上合適的結(jié)尾并附上你的名字?！癥ours sincerely; Your friend; Yours，”等等。 2．本文是邀請外校朋友李明前來參加英語角活動，人稱以第二人稱為主，時態(tài)為一般將來時和一般現(xiàn)在時相結(jié)合。 3．這是一封電子郵件，需注意該類應用文的基本格式和語言特點。 寫作時要把題目要求和海報內(nèi)容相結(jié)合，不要遺漏要點。連句成文需注意過渡銜接詞的運用以使行文連貫。 第二步：提煉要點 1．be shown 2．a(chǎn) great movie 3．Chinese subtitles 4．native speakers 5．free popcorn and soft drinks,6．the English Corner 7．a(chǎn) great chance 8．starts and ends 第三步：擴點成句 1．An English movie called Uncle Tom’s Cabin will be shown in No.1 Lecture Hall in my school on October 26. 2．It is a great movie by Gezavon Rad Vanyi. 3．Don’t be afraid you might not understand the story because there are Chinese subtitles and there will be native speakers ready to help you, too. 4．Free popcorn and soft drinks will be offered.,5．The event is organized by the English Corner in my school. 6．I think it’s a great chance to learn English and make new friends. 7．The movie starts at 3：30 pm and ends at 5：30 pm.,【參考范文】 Dear Li Ming， Good news for you! An English movie called Uncle Tom’s Cabin will be shown in No.1 Lecture Hall in my school on October 26.It is a great movie by Gezavon Rad Vanyi. Don’t be afraid you might not understand the story because there are Chinese subtitles and there will be native speakers ready to help you, too. Besides, free popcorn and soft drinks will be offered! The event is organized by the English Corner in my school. I think it’s a great chance to learn English and make new friends.,The movie starts at 3：30 pm and ends at 5：30 pm. If you come, I’ll meet you at the school gate at 3：20 pm. Yours， Li Hua,結(jié)尾部分： With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.,形影不離的名詞詞組 1．bag and baggage連同全部財產(chǎn)；徹底，完全地 Tom was turned out of the hotel, bag and baggage. 湯姆連人帶東西被從旅館里趕了出來。 2．bed and board食宿 We were good friends, sharing bed and board for four years in our schooldays. 我們在同學的四年中是食宿與共的好朋友。,3．body and soul肉體與靈魂(常用于成語to keep body and soul together，表示“僅能維持生計，養(yǎng)活自己，茍延殘喘”) He has hardly enough food to keep body and soul together. 他沒有足夠的食物來維持生命。 In these days of rising prices it is difficult for many poor people to keep body and soul together. 在這物價高漲的日子里，許多窮人難以活口。 4．body and spirit身心 He devoted himself to the cause of the people’s education, body and spirit. 他把自己的身心都獻給了人民的教育事業(yè)。,5．bread and butter涂黃油的面包，比喻生計 Don’t quarrel with your bread and butter. 不要厭棄你的謀生之路。 6．fingers and thumbs手指與拇指，比喻笨拙之極 This morning I’m all fingers and thumbs. I don’t seem to be able to button my shirt. 今天早晨我笨拙極了。我似乎不能扣上襯衫的紐扣。 7．flesh and blood血肉之軀；人類，人性，親人 The girl was the old man’s flesh and blood. 這個女孩是老人的親骨肉。,8．hammer and tongs全力以赴，拼命，竭力 He went hammer and tongs at selling his idea to his boss. 他竭力設法讓他的上司接受他的意見。 9．hand and foot手腳一起，盡力，完全 He seemed to expect to be waited on hand and foot. 他像是想要人盡心盡力伺候他。 10．heart and soul全心全意 Serving the people heart and soul is my greatest happiness. 全心全意為人民服務是我最大的幸福。,11．heaven and earth天地(常用于成語move heaven and earth，表示竭盡全力) The boy’s parents would move heaven and earth to get him anything he wants. 這個男孩的父母竭盡全力讓他得到他想要的任何東西。 12．husband and wife夫妻，夫婦 As husband and wife, they knew that nothing could separate them again. 作為夫妻， 他們知道什么也不能把他們分開了。 13．king and queen國王和王后 Inside the pyramid are the rooms for the bodies of the kings and queens. 金字塔內(nèi)是國王和王后的墓室。,14．knife and fork一副刀叉 My father put down his knife and fork and went out of the dining room. 我父親放下刀叉，走出餐廳。 15．law and order治安 It is our duty to maintain law and order. 我們的職責是維持治安。 16．lock and key鎖和鑰匙(常用于成語under lock and key，表示安全的地方，在鎖著的地方) Gold is so valuable that it is often kept under lock and key.金子那么寶貴，所以常保存在安全的地方。,17．men and women男男女女 Both men and women were invited. 男男女女都被邀請了。 18．odds and ends七零八碎 The room is filled with odds and ends. 這個房間里充滿了零零碎碎的東西。 19．part and parcel重要部分 Nonalignment is the part and parcel of that country’s foreign policy.不結(jié)盟是那個國家外交政策的重要內(nèi)容。,20．pen and ink筆墨，書寫工具 The children write with pen and ink. 那些孩子用筆墨寫字。 21．rise and fall起伏，興衰 Have you read the Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire? 你讀過《羅馬帝國的興亡》嗎？ 22．rules and regulations規(guī)章制度 I hate being fettered by petty rules and regulations. 我討厭受清規(guī)戒律的束縛。 23．sixes and sevens亂七八糟(用于成語at sixes and sevens) When we went in, we found his room at sixes and sevens.我們走進去的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)他房里亂七八糟的。,24．sports and games運動和游戲 Sports and games are also useful for character-training.體育運動對性格的培養(yǎng)也很有用。 25．thick and thin不顧艱難險阻，在任何情況下都(用于成語through thick and thin) Only your best friends stand by you through thick and thin.只有你最好的朋友才能在任何情況下都和你在一起。 All his life, he was loyal to the cause of communism through thick and thin. 他一生中不顧艱難險阻，忠誠于共產(chǎn)主義事業(yè)。,26．time and tide時間與潮流 Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不等人。 27．ways and means方法，方式 The object of the conference was to work out ways and means of promoting international trade. 會議的目的在于詳細擬訂促進國際貿(mào)易的各種方法。 28．wear and tear損耗，磨損，折磨 The wear and tear of life has made him look older than he is.生活的折磨使他看起來比實際年齡更老。,