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Module 3,Interpersonal Relationships ----- Friendship,Grammar,Grammar (more),Study: Be careful when crossing the road. Don’t talk while eating. Conclusion:,-ing短語前可加when, while強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生; Before? After?,他出國前在北京大學(xué)讀書。,Before going abroad, he studied in Peking University.,Think: The bus was held up by the snowstorm, and as a result it caused the delay. = The bus was held up by the snowstorm, ____ _____ the delay.,thus causing,conclusion: -ing形式前可加thus，用以強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。,Think: Though he worked hard, he couldn’t make enough money to pay off his debt. = _________ _____ hard, he couldn’t… conclusion:,Though working,-ing形式前可加 though/although表示讓步。,Study: 1)When ______ help, one often says “Thank you.”or “It’s kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C.offered D. having been offered 2) ______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 3) After ________ into English, J.K.Rowling’s books became popular in China. A. translated B. translating C. having been translated D. to translate,Before ________ (become) a billionaire, J.K.Rowling is a poor mother with a baby to bring up.,I remember _________(meet) her for the first time. You must remember ___________ (keep) in touch. I regret _________(do) that now. I regret _________(say) that I have lost touch with four or five friends.,meeting,to keep,doing,to say,Activity 1 &2 (Page 34),Revision,,,,,,動(dòng)詞-ing與to do 區(qū)別,動(dòng)詞-ing與to do都具備名詞的功能，在句子中作主語，賓語，表語等，但也有區(qū)別。區(qū)別如下： 一、 doing 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性；to do形式表示具體的，一次性的，將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： 1) ________ (swim) is my favorite sports. 2) Our work is ________ (serve) the people. 3). What I would suggest is ____________(put off)the meeting.,Swimming,serving,to put off,二、動(dòng)詞-ing與to do做賓語時(shí)的若干區(qū)別： 1. 有的動(dòng)詞后只能跟不定式做賓語，如：agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose decide, fail, hope, learn, long, manage, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse等。 有的動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)詞-ing做賓語,如: admit, consider, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, practice, suggest, give up, put off, allow 等。,,2. 在下列動(dòng)詞后，兩者都可以接，但意義有所不同。 1）need, require, want后接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動(dòng)形式。 Your handwriting needs/requires improving/to be improved. 2) hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的，具體的，一次性的，將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。接動(dòng)詞-ing 表示習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常性的，一般的行為。 I like ________ (讀書)，but I hate ________ (寫文章)。 I like _________________ (逛商店)now。,reading,writing,to go shopping,3）在下列情況下，一般用不定式。 A. hate, love, like前有would, should時(shí)。 I would like to have a cup of coffee.,4), forget / remember / regret to do 表示現(xiàn)在，未來或未做的動(dòng)作；forget / remember / regret doing 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。 A. He forgot to turn off the light in the office. So the light was on the whole night. B. He forgot turning off the light in the office. So he went back to turn it off, only to find that the light was not on.,5）mean to do/doing mean to do 打算，想要做 mean doing 意味著 6）try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事 try doing 試著做 7）can’t help doing 禁不住 can’t help (to) do 不能幫助干 They couldn’t help jumping up at the news. Sorry I can’t help to clean the room for you. I must go now.,8) go on to do 繼續(xù)作不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事。 go on doing 指同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù) After he finished doing math exercises, he went on to write a composition. We’ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression(壓迫) in the world.,Quiz for Part 1,________(teach) biology is his full-time job. ____(cut) down such a big tree in such hot weather in a day is beyond my ability. What I want to do now is _____(find) a place to rest. I suggest _______(pay) another visit to the exhibition. I’d like_______(know) what they are up to at present. His habit is _____ (take) a walk after supper.,Teaching,To cut,to find,paying,to know,to take/taking,Part 2,I forgot ______(turn) off the light when I went to bed last night. I forgot _______(see) the film before, so I went to see it a second time.,to turn,seeing,-You have stepped on my foot. -I’m sorry, but I didn’t mean ___so. A. having done B. to have done C. to do D. doing I regret _________________(not study) hard at school. Now I was bad at English in college. Unemployment is likely to go on _________ (rise) this year.,not having studied,rising,