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Unit 2 English around the world Learning about language,1 Match the words and expressions.,1. petrol 2. voyage 3. gradually 4. frequently 5. identity 6. the latter 7. actually 8. fluent,A. who or what somebody or something is B. a word for gas in British English C. not sudden D. in fact E. the second of two things or people already mentioned F. often G. long trip by sea or in space H. able to speak or write a language well,,,,,,,,,Discovering useful words and expressions,It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as _______ as a ______ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large __________. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries.,native,vocabulary,fluently,Complete this passage with the words from the Warming up and Reading.,If you use “flat” instead of “_________”, people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word _______ instead of “l(fā)ift” in Britain, people will know you have studied American English.,apartment,elevator,“Will you _______ to my flat?” asked the spider to the fly. “__________ it’s so pleasant to look down from so high. __________ the clear sky it’s possible to see Buildings _______ theatres and hotels,Add these phrases to the rhyme so that it makes sense. such as make use of because of come up at present,come up,At present,Because of,such as,by the sea. So won’t you please ___________ this chance to look?” The fly agreed immediately without a second thought. But as soon as she went up with a step so light that day, The spider caught and ate her and she was never seen again! Then read the rhyme aloud and mark the sense groups.,make use of,1. There are so many people _____ the street. 2. They are going to have a party ______ the weekend.,4 Sometimes British and American people use different prepositions for the same idea. Choose a pair of prepositions. Then compare them. at / on past / after in / on from / than,in/on,at/on,3. We will leave for the airport at a quarter _________ five. 4. His brother is _____ the most famous football team in England. 5. As we know, British English is a little different __________ American English.,past/after,in/on,from/than,6. Are there many children playing ______ the playground? Do you know which usage is British English and which is American? Discuss in pairs and then in class.,in/on,in,at,on,after,from,past,than,on,in,on,in,on,Grammar,Direct and Indirect SpeechⅡ,Requests and Commands,1. He said: “I’ve left my pen in my room.” → He told me that he had left his pen in his room.,She said that he would be busy.,2. She said: “He will be busy.”→,復(fù)習(xí) (把下列直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)),She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.,3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→,1. 陳述句的間接引語(yǔ)—連接詞用that, 在 口語(yǔ)中可省略。引述動(dòng)詞用said, told,等。 例如： He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” → He told me that he had left his book in his room.,復(fù)習(xí)規(guī)律,2. 疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)。一般疑問(wèn)句后連接 詞用if 或whether, 而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí) 只能用whether, 引述動(dòng)詞用asked, 沒(méi)有 間接引語(yǔ)的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him等。如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” → She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.,3. 特殊疑問(wèn)句用原句中的疑問(wèn)詞作連接 詞, 改為陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：,→ The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.,The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”,4. 如何變時(shí)態(tài)： 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ),,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí),,,,,,,如： 1) She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so. 3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.” →She said he would go to see his friend.,1)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.,但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接 引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。,2)直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、 某日作狀語(yǔ), 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)不變。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.,3)直接引語(yǔ)中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的, 習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或說(shuō)話時(shí)情況仍然存在的, 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。,The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.”,→ The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,4) 若直接引語(yǔ)中含有when, since, while 等引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” → She said she had gone there when she was six years old.,5) 若直接引語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better 等動(dòng)詞時(shí)。 如： She said, “We should help each other.” →She said we should help each other.,5. 如何變狀語(yǔ)： 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律, 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來(lái)”例: now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before, today變?yōu)閠hat day。 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ), 由“此”改為“彼”。如:,He said, “These books are mine. ” →He said those books were his.,指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化: this→ that; these→ those; now→ then; yesterday→ the day before; today → that day; tomorrow→ the next day; next week (month, year) → the next week (month, year); ago → before; here→ there．,1. Could I use your bathroom?,request,2. Put your coat in the closet.,command,3. Speak quietly on the phone, please.,request,Requests or Commands?,4. Will you help me with my homework this afternoon?,request,5. Could you meet me at four?,request,6. Take your shoes off before you enter the room.,command,7. Go to bed right now. 8. Could you help me with my English please? 9. Open the door at once. 10. Would you please give me that book?,request,command,command,request,Direct speech,Requests: Do ., please. Can you.? Could you .? Will you .? Would you . ?,Commands: Do. Don’t .,Indirect speech,Requests: A asked B to do sth. A asked B not to do sth.,Commands: A told/ordered B to do sth. A told/ordered B not to do sth.,祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)—采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.,祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ),如果祈使句是表示請(qǐng)求, 間接引語(yǔ)的 動(dòng)詞常用ask; 如果是表示命令, 間接 引語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常用tell, order, command等。,不定式 The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.,He said, “Let’s go to the film.” →He suggested going to the film. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.,直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let’s”開(kāi)頭的祈使句, 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 通常用 “suggest + 動(dòng)名詞(或從句)”。如:,that/what/how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,感嘆句,直引: 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+“感嘆句” 間引: 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+陳述句 e.g. He said, “What a fine day it is!” → He said, “How fine the day is!” He said what a fine day it was. He said how fine the day was. He exclaimed that it was a fine day.,Keys to the Exercises 3 on page 12,Request The children asked their teacher to sing a song for them. 2. Command The mother ordered her child to turn off the radio. 3. Request The dentist asked a patient to open his mouth, so he could see the bad tooth clearly.,4. Request The secretary asked the woman on the phone to hold on for a minute. 5. Request John asked his classmate if /weather he could borrow his pen. 6. Command The teacher ordered his student to come up to his office.,4. Make some dialogues using commands and requests and retell them in indirect speech. A bear is moving towards a boy. What do you say to the boy to make sure that he is not hurt? 2. An English teacher is telling her students what they must do for homework. A student cannot hear the teacher very clearly. What should he say to his classmate to find out what to do? Think of more situations for your conversations.,Sample Situation1: Tom : Take care! A bear is moving towards you. Boy : Oh, who can help me? Tom : Stay calm and don’t move. Boy : … Tom told the boy to take care, for a bear is moving towards the boy. The boy asked who could help him. Tom told the boy to stay calm and not to move.,,,,He said, “My sister was here for three days.” He said that ____ sister ____ _____ _____ ___ three days. 2. She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.” She said that ____ ______ go there ____________.,his,had been,there for,she would,the next day,練一練,3. She said, “Did you see him last night?” She _____ me __________________ him _______________. 4. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter. Father _____ Peter ______________ ____ the night ______.,asked,if/whether I had seen,the night before,asked,when he went to,before,bed,5. The host said to us, “Please come to see us again if you have time.” ___________________________ _______________________. 6. The teacher said to me, “Write a letter to your parents.” ____________________________ ____________________________,The host asked us to go to see them again if we had time,The teacher told me to write a letter to my parents.,“Could you pass me the salt?” Mary said to me. → Mary asked me to pass her the salt. 2. “Show me your license, please.” the policeman said to the driver. → The policeman told the driver to show him the license.,把直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)。,3. The teacher said to me, “Can you pass on the book to Tom?” → 4. Mother said to Li Ming, “Stop playing computer games!” → Mother ordered Li Ming to stop playing computer games.,The teacher asked me to pass on the book to Tom.,5. The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” →,The mother asked Tom to get up early.,6. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”→,The teacher told the students not to waste their time.,The landlady asked him to put his coat in the closet.,→“Will you please put your coat in the closet?” said the landlady.,把間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為直接引語(yǔ)。,The landlady asked him not to put his coat on the bed.,→“Will you please not put your coat on the bed?” asked the landlady.,2. The young father told his children to stand still.,→“Stand still,” the young father said to his children.,The young father told his children not to move.,→ “Don’t move,” the young father said to his children.,3. Mother told me to lock the door after midnight.,→ “Lock the door after midnight,” said Mother.,Mother told me not to leave the door open after midnight.,→“Don’t leave the door open after midnight,” said Mother.,1. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close,Choose the best answer.,C,2. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do,D,3. “Don’t put it on my hat.”his wife said to him. His wife told him ____ put it on ___hat. A. don’t, his B. don’t, her C. not to, his D. not to, her,D,4. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom _____. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purse,B,5. He asked me ________ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter,C,解析: 如果直接引語(yǔ)是“What’s the matter?” “What’s wrong?” “What’s the trouble?”, 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)語(yǔ)序不變。,6. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me ______. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member,C,解析: 選擇疑問(wèn)句要變成whether 或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。,7. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked _______. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.,解析: 反意疑問(wèn)句要變成whether或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。,B,8. He asked ______ for the computer. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,D,9. Tom asked Jack _____. A. why he was so excited B. why was he so excited C. why is he so excited D. why he is so excited,A,10. The boy said, “May I go along with you?” The boy asked me ____. A. if I might go along with you B. if he might go along with you C. if he might go along with me D. if he might go along with the boy,,C,11. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ____ very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was,C,12. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film,D,13. “Please close the window, ” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close,C,14. “I am a teacher, ” Jack said. →He said _____. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher,D,15. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 16. Visitors ____ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested,D,D,Homework Review the Grammar rules --Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. 2. Finish the exercises on workbook.,