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Unit 4 Earthquake Learning about language,Discovering useful words and expressions 1 Find the correct word or expression for each of the following meanings.,1. _______ of no use 2. ________ all the people in a country 3. ________________ a lot of 4. ____ matter that not clean 5. _________ finished 6. ________ very great in degree 7. __________ immediately,useless,nation,a great number of,dirt,at an end,extreme,right away,8. ______ gas that hot water gives out 9. _______ make someone feel very surprised 10. ______ metal bars that a train moves along 11. ______ save something or somebody from danger 12. ______ the part of a building left after the rest has been destroyed,steam,shock,track,rescue,ruin,2 What words would be used when we talk about earthquakes?,,sad,nervous,lonely,,homes,money,,,,doctors,nurses,soldiers,,,,,,,,,,,events,,SanFrancisco,Tangshan,,Wenchuan,,buildings,,lives,It was a frightening night. The dam cracked and then _______ under the weight of the water. The water went all over the fields and _________ quite a few villages along the river.,burst,destroyed,3 Complete the passage with words from the text.,Some buildings were in ______ and some farmers were _______ at the top of their houses. The water filled the canals and the ______. Dead bodies and ______ animals were seen everywhere. People were ________, but they had to ______ dead bodies for health reasons. It was a very sad time.,ruins,trapped,wells,injured,shocked,bury,4 Work in groups. Read some of the sentences and complete the others.,When the earthquake came, it was as if the world was at an end. When the houses fell down, it sounded as if _______________________.,a mountain had blown up,When the dam broke, it looked as if the sea had arrived suddenly on our doorstep. When the bricks covered the ground, it was as if ___________________________. When the coal mines fell, the ground above looked as if it would crack. When the cows ran down the road, they looked as if ______________________ ______________.,stones were flowing like water,they were driven by an unseen hand,When the shock hit us, we felt as if we were going to die. When the nation turned to help us in our need, it seemed as if _________________ ____________________________________.,all China was thinking of us and was coming to our aid,Grammar,The Attributive Clause Ⅰ,Declan is a famous singer. He sings the song tell me why. Declan is a famous singer who sings the song tell me why.,,He is a little boy. He is eating . He is a little boy who is eating.,,He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people. He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.,誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。 結(jié)局好, 一切都好。 真正的友誼猶如健康的身體, 失去時 方知其可貴。,Proverbs,Friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.,All is well that ends well.,He who laughs last laughs best.,修飾主語、賓語、表語的句子就叫做定語從句。 引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：,定語從句,關(guān)系代詞：who, whom whose, which, that,關(guān)系副詞：when, where,定語從句的位置,定語從句一定放在被修飾成分之后。,e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.,先行詞,定語從句,Do you know the man? He spoke just now.,,,Do you know the man who spoke just now?,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small.,The apple which is green is big.,,,,,I have read the newspaper.,It carries the important news.,,,I showed him the letter.,I received it this morning.,,I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.,,引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 that which who whom whose,That 即指人又指物, 作主語或賓語。 Which 指物, 作主語或賓語。 who, whom 指人, who 作主語, whom作賓語。 that, which, whom在定語從句中 作賓語時, 可省去。,Whom 指人, 在從句中作賓語，可省略。,e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?,The girl is from America.,I called her just now.,,,The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.,1. that 在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物。,1) A plane is a machine that can fly.,2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious.,3) Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.,4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.,(主語),(賓語),(主語),(賓語),2. Which 在從句中作主語或賓語，指物。 They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. (主語) 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (賓語) 3. who, whom 在從句中分別作主語和 賓語 (口語中who也可作賓語)。 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主語),2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. (主語) 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (賓語) 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (賓語),4. whose 在從句中作定語，指人或 物。 Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of. 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.,,that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用which。,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等 不定代詞時。,Note Ⅰ,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。,(4) 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時。,I’ve read all the books that are not mine.,(2) 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時。,The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.,關(guān)系代詞whose還可以在從句中 與它所修飾的詞一起作介詞賓語。,,Note Ⅱ,2. 當先行詞是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等, 指人時一般用who, 不用that. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.,在以疑問詞who開頭的句子中, 或關(guān)系代 詞在從句中作表語時, 用that, 不用who。 Who is the man that is shouting there? She is not the girl that she used to be.,3. 先行詞是人，從句中缺動詞賓語或 介詞賓語時，用whom或that(介詞 后不用 that)。 The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it.,He is the student (whom, who, that) you want to see. 關(guān)系代詞that, which , whom 在從句中作 賓語時可省略掉。但放在介詞后面時則 不可省略。,1. The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who Key 解析: 本題考察定語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇, 從句意可知先行詞the famous basketball star (著名的籃球明星) 是人，所以應用 表示人的關(guān)聯(lián)詞who。,真題解析,D,2. (2006 北京) Women ___drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ___ don’t. A. who;/ B. /; who C. who; who D. /;/ 解析: 本題考查兩個定語從句, 這兩個 定語從句都缺少主語, 在定語從句中, 如果是關(guān)系代詞做定語從句的主語, 關(guān)系代詞不能省略, 故答案選 C。,C,3. (2006 福建) Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ___ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 解析: whose 在定語從句中做roof的 定語，用于修飾house。,A,4. --Is that the small town you often refer to? --Right, just the one ___ you know I used to work for years. (2005 福建) A. that B. which C. where D. what 解析: 從句中you know是插入語, 所以 用where引導表示地點的定語從句。,C,Complete the following sentences with that, which, who or whose. Then translate them into Chinese orally. 1. Here are my neighbours ________home was destroyed by earthquake. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _________were asleep. 3. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _______ they could find.,whose,who,that/省略,4. Several days later most of the buildings __________had been damaged were repaired. 5. This frightened boy _______ mother were lost in the disaster is looking for her now. 6. We went to see our teacher________ husband lost his life in the earthquake. 7. “Is this the young man ________ saved several people trapped under buildings?” she asked. 8. A number of children __________parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in the other cities.,that/which,whose,whose,whose,who,Based on the example in the text book, rewrite the following sentences by yourself. The girl was rescued from the well. The girl was rescued from the well that was nearby our school. The girl was rescued from the well which was newly built. The girl who is my classmate was rescued from the well. The girl whose family were died was rescued from the well.,2. The children buried eggs in the garden. 3. The survivors were dug out by the soldiers. 4. The nation was shocked at the news.,3. The house __________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.,1. The earthquake ___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.,2. We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.,that/which,that/who,which/that,,6. Harry is the boy ______ mother is our maths teacher.,4. A house __________ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.,5. Luckily none of the people ______________ I know were killed in the earthquake.,which/that,who/whom/that,whose,7. Look at that lady ______ name is Rose. 8. He is a teacher ______________ I like very much. 9. Those pictures _________ were drawn by Tom are nice. 10. Those _____will go to the park stay here. 11. That was all the money ______I had.,whose,whom/who/that,which/that,who,that,12. Is there any one here _______ name is Tom? 13. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school. 14. Who ______ has common sense will do such a thing. 15. I don’t know the way ________________ he worked out. 16. The person to______ you just talked is Mr. Li.,whose,that,that,that/in which,whom,1. It is reported that two schools, ____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which 2. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of ___ are healthy. (2007 北京) A. that B. which C. what D. whom,高考鏈接,D,D,3. He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. (2007 江蘇) A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 4. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad．(2007 上海) A. that B. all that C. all what D. which,A,B,5. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ____ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007 浙江) A. that B. which C. who D. where 6. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ____ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重慶卷) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which,B,B,7. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ____ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 8. Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big company. (2007 遼寧) A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this,D,B,9. Yesterday she sold her car, ____ she bought a month ago. (2008 浙江) A. whom B. where C. that D. which,D,Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?,改錯,whom,whose,that,,,,4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths. 5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football. 6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? 7. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick.,are,who,likes,,,,,1. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected. whose B. that C. who D. which 【2013福建】,高考鏈接：,【答案】A,【解析】考查定語從句。其中those作為先行詞，定 語從句中缺少lives的定語，故用whose。,2. Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 【2013湖南】,【答案】B,【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞為those，指人；定 語從句中缺少主語，故使用關(guān)系代詞who。,3. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , he remembers starting as early as his childhood. where B. which C. what D. when 【2013江蘇】,【答案】B,【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞為passion，定語從 句中缺少賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞which。,4. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A them B. that C. which D. whom 【2013重慶】,【答案】D,【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞為40 people，定語從句中缺少主語，故使用whom。介詞之后不能用that，應予以排除；which指先行詞為物；them為人稱代詞，應用于并列句中。,5. The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom 【2013浙江】,【答案】D,【解析】考查定語從句。先判斷為定語從句，先 行詞為children，故答案為D。,Homework,1. Finish the exercises on page 29. 2. Read the passage on Page 64. Complete the sentences below, using who, whom, which, that or whose.,