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,,Why is the road so wet?,,It must have rained last night.,must have done 對過去的非常肯定的 推測 （語氣最強）,對已發(fā)生的過去情況的推測，若陳述句謂語部分有“must have done”，而且有表示過去的時間狀語, 問句部分用didn't；,1) They must have gone there last night, didn't they?,2)They must have arrived by now, haven’t they?,對已發(fā)生的過去情況的推測，若陳述句謂語部分有“must have done”，若沒有表示過去的時間狀語，問句部分用haven’t 或hasn’t .,3) He must have been to the Great Wall, hasn't he?,對已發(fā)生的過去情況的推測，若陳述句謂語部分有“must have done”，若沒有表示過去的時間狀語，問句部分用haven’t 或hasn’t .,這個房間昨天肯定被清掃了。 The room _____ _____ _____ ______ yesterday.,must have been cleaned,他一定已經(jīng)背了5000單詞了。 He ____ ____ _____ 5,000 words.,must have learnt,You must have seen the film “Journey to the West” , _______ ____?,haven’t you,They must have been to the World Expo last week, _____ ____?,didn’t they,A: Where are the girls? Could they have gone home? B: No, they can’t have gone home. It’s so early.,,can have done 對過去的疑問推測,,can’t have done 對過去的否定推測,疑問句 和 否定句,--Where is John? Can he have gone to the playground? --No, he can’t have gone to the playground It is raining.,-- ____Mr King _____________the letter? 金先生已經(jīng)收到那封信了嗎？ --No, he __________________it. 不，他不可能收到。,Can,have received,can’t have received,--Look, the lights are off in their room. --Where have they gone? --They might have gone to the cinema.,may/might have done 某事有可能發(fā)生過 (表示對過去的不太肯定的推測， 語氣比must have done 弱),用于肯定句 和否定句 (may的語氣 比might稍強),---Where did Adam get that new football? He hasn’t got any money. ---It ____ a present. After all, it was his birthday last week. A. might have been B. might be,He ______out because the light was on. A. may not have gone B. may have not gone C. may not go D. must not have gone,A: Here is a doll for your daughter. B: Thank you so much. It’s beautiful. But you needn’t have bought it. You have bought so many for her .,needn’t have done 本沒有必要做某事 （但此事已做）,We ___________________the plant because it rained last night. (本無必要),needn’t have watered,Oh,I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t have eaten so much fried chicken just now.,shouldn’t have done 本不該做某事 （但此事已做）,表示責備,He should have repaired the bike yesterday.,should have done 本應該做某事 （但此事未做）,表示責備,你本應該先完成你的作業(yè)。 You _____ ____ _______ your homework first.,should have finished,你本不應該跟我撒謊。 You ________ ____ ____to me.,shouldn’t have lied,could + have done “本能夠，本可以做某事” 但卻沒做 他本能夠按時完成這項任務(wù)的。 He _________________the task on time, but he didn’t do it.,could have finished,Finding the rule,,Believing what happened in the past is the case (used only in positive sentences),It must have rained last night.,indicating that something was a possibility in the past , though it did not actually happen (negative or interrogative sentences),Suggesting that it is possible that something happened or was true (used only in positive/ negative sentences),They might have mistaken you,indicating that something did not / did happen, but the speaker wishes it had (not) happened.,indicating that it is not necessary for sb. to do sth, though he / she did it.,You needn’t have watered the plant. It rained last night.,高考例析,1. Sorry I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. （2000 北京春季） A. might B. should C. can D. will,答案為 A。表推測的用法。句意：對不起, 我遲到了。我(當時)興許是關(guān)了鬧鐘又回去睡覺了。might 相當于 may, 但語氣更加不肯定。,2. I was really anxious about you. You__ home without a word. (01 全國) A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave,答案為 B。虛擬語氣用法。句意：我（那時）真地很擔心你。你本不應該不留個話就離開家。,3. — I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. — You__ her last week. （04 福建） A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told,答案為 D。虛擬語氣用法。句意：---我明天要告訴她我的新工作的情況。 ---你本應該上周告訴她。,4. — Tom graduated from college at a very young age. — Oh, he ____ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全國IV） A. could B. should C. might D. must,答案為 D。表推測的用法。句意：—湯姆很年輕的時候就大學畢業(yè)了?！叮隙ㄊ且粋€很聰明的男孩兒。,5. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05 北京卷) A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't,答案為 B。用法同4題。句意：他肯定做完了工作，不然他就不會在海邊痛快地玩兒了。,6. — Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. — Well. He ____ have gone far—his coat’s still here. （05湖北卷） A．shouldn't B．mustn't C．can't D．wouldn't,答案為 C。表推測的用法。句意：—你知道大衛(wèi)在哪兒嗎？我哪兒也找不到他?！疲豢赡茏哌h—他的上衣還在這兒呢。can't 相當與 couldn't，但后者語氣更加委婉。,練習,— The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. — Oh, dear! She ___ a lot of difficulties! (05 江蘇卷) A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through,2. I have lost one of my gloves. I _____ it somewhere. （05 北京春季） A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped,3. Mr. White ___ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. （04 廣西） A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 4. He paid for a seat, when he ___ have entered free. （05 山東卷） A. could B. would C. must D. need,5. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? — Something ____ to him. (05 江西卷) A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 6. I ___ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (05 天津卷) A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't,Choose the best answer for each blank.,1) — I told him the news just now. — Really? You __ him. He knew it already. A. shouldn’t have told B. may have told C. needn’t have told D. couldn’t have told 2) — I can’t find my pen anywhere. I _____ it. — That’s impossible. I saw you writing with it ten minutes ago. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost,C,D,3) — That must be Jack. — It can’t be him. He ____ within such a short time. He said he would call me as soon as he arrived. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived 4) — Where are Joan and Mary? — I think they ___ early. A. should have left B. must have left C. can have left D. needn’t have left,C,B,5) — Did you see that car nearly hit me? I _________ killed. — Yes. It was going so fast. Luckily you responded quickly. could have been B. may have been C. must have been D. was,B,6) — Mom, I swept the floor a moment ago. — Thank you, son. But you ______ it. It’s not very dirty yet. A. should have swept B. needn’t have swept C. may have swept D. can have swept 7) — It’s so dry these days. Even the plant is dead. —Yes. You _________ it more water. A. will give B. should have given C. may send D. can have been sent,B,B,8) — John passed the exam, although he didn’t study very much for it. — The exam _________ difficult. A. can’t have been B. must have been C. couldn’t be D. might have been 9) — I wonder why they are late. — They _________ the train. A. can miss B. may have missed C. could miss D. might miss,A,B,10) — He _________ to help us yesterday, but he didn’t. — You must forgive him. He was ill yesterday. should have come B. could have come C. must have come D. can have come,A,Find and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences.,She should had finished the work three days ago. 2) You are wet through. You should have been caught in the rain.,,She should have finished the work three days ago.,You are wet through. You must have been caught in the rain.,,.,,3) I must have helped them, but I wasn’t able to. 4) You mustn’t have seen the movie before, for it was made last week.,I should have helped him, but I wasn’t able to.,You can’t have seen the movie before, for it was made last week,5) All the lights were off at eleven last night. The students mustn’t have been studying in the classroom until twelve.,All the lights were off at eleven last night. The students can’t have been studying in the classroom until twelve.,Fill in each blank with the present perfect form of a model verb.,1) Husband: I bought a new skirt for you. Wife: Thank you, dear. But you ______ ______ done that. I’ve got so many. 2) Mother: Who ________________ cooked the meal? Daughter: It must have been Father. Mother: It can’t have been your father. He told me he was going to Chengdu on business this morning.,have,could/can have,,,needn’t,3) Policeman: You _____________ stopped at the red light. Why did you keep on driving? Driver: I’m terribly sorry. I didn’t see the light. 4) Teacher: Everyone is listening carefully. Why did you look out of the window? Student: I’m sorry. I ______________ done that.,should have,shouldn’t have,