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2019年高中英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)篇提能5.3 外研版必修3 閱讀理解 A There have been many natural disasters since ancient times. In order to fight against violence of nature and improve people's life, many scientists created lots of inventions. Here is one of them. Zhang Heng (78AD～139AD) was a great astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Born in today's Nanyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue his studying in the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several well－recognized literary writings. Much to everyone's amazement, he turned to astronomy after age 30 and at last he succeeded. In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons. In 132 Zhang Heng invented the first seismograph(地震儀) for measuring earthquakes. His device was in the shape of a cylinder(圓柱) with eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon head. When an earthquake occurred，a ball fell out of the dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, making a noise. He also invented the odometer(里程表)． Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe(旋轉(zhuǎn)渾天儀). In one of his publications he also submitted π≈3.1466. He made great contributions to the development of Chinese ancient mathematics. 1．What's the passage mainly about? A．Zhang Heng — a famous astronomer. B．Modern scientists and their inventions. C．Zhang Heng and his contributions. D．Zhang Heng and his hobbies. 2．Zhang Heng first began to study astronomy ______. A．in the year 108 B．a(chǎn)fter the year 94 C．a(chǎn)fter the year 108 D．in the year 123 3．When a ball fell out of the dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, the seismograph Zhang Heng invented would show ______. A．how many miles away there was an earthquake B．a(chǎn) big fire occurred somewhere C．earthquakes would happen all around the country D．there might be an earthquake in this direction 4．Which is NOT true according to the passage? A．Zhang Heng did well in literary studies and writing. B．Zhang Heng invented the calendar. C．Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe. D．Zhang Heng also put forward π≈3.1466. 5．The underlined word “submitted” in the last paragraph means “______”． A．won B．rescued C．repaired D．proposed 答案與解析： 本文主要講了張衡的生平以及他作出的貢獻(xiàn)。 1．解析：主旨大意題。全篇主要介紹了張衡和他作出的貢獻(xiàn)，C項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容盡管正確，但不全面，不能概括全文意思；B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與文章內(nèi)容不符，張衡是我國(guó)古代科學(xué)家，不屬于現(xiàn)代；D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容也不符合文章意思，文章并沒(méi)有敘述張衡的愛(ài)好。 答案：C 2．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Zhang Heng(78 AD～139 AD) was a great astronomer ...”和最后一句“he turned to astronomy after age 30”可知C項(xiàng)正確。 答案：C 3．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, making a noise.”以及常識(shí)可知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。 答案：D 4．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons.”可知B項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不符，張衡只是修正了歷法，使之與季節(jié)相符合，而不是發(fā)明了歷法。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“He published several well－recognized literary writings.”可知A項(xiàng)符合原文意思；根據(jù)最后一段第一、二句可知，C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)符合文章意思。 答案：B 5．解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合單詞所在句子的語(yǔ)境可推測(cè)submitted應(yīng)為“提出，主張”的意思。 答案：D B These days when someone says a puter has a bug in it, usually they mean that there' s a problem with one of its programs. But back in the early days of puters, a woman named Grace Hopper was part of the team that discovered the very first puter bug. As a mathematician, Hopper had been hired(雇用) by the navy to help program the new Mark Ⅱ puter, whose job was to quickly solve the math problems ships and airplanes used to find their way. The Mark Ⅱ worked by reading instructions from a long strip of paper with holes punched(打孔) in it. The puter translated the patterns of holes into the math problems it was supposed to solve. One afternoon in 1947 Hopper and her team were running a program. But the puter wasn't giving them the right results. They finally ended up taking the Mark Ⅱ apart, looking for problems. It was a dead moth(蛾)! The moth was blocking some of the holes on the paper strip — no wonder the puter didn't know what to do. Hopper knew that the term “bug” had been used before when there were problems with machines. But this was the first time a puter had ever had one. She thought it was funny that it was a real bug. Some people think Hopper was the first person to use the word “debug” to mean “get rid of the problems in a puter”． Grace Hopper worked with puters her whole life and went on to bee a rear admiral(海軍少將) in the U．S. Navy. She was the first person to write a word－based puter language. This makes it easier for people to tell puters what to do. Some people called her “Grandma COBOL”， but to most she was just “Amazing Grace”． 6．According to the text, Grace Hopper ________. A．created the term “bug” B．invented the Mark Ⅱ puter C．once piloted ships and airplanes D．was the first to “debug” a puter program 7．The dead moth caused the Mark Ⅱ puter to ________. A．break down B．run faster than before C．give wrong information D．punch more holes in the paper 8．We can learn from the text that ________. A．there were few women scientists in the early 19th century B．Grace Hopper was the first person to use puter language C．Grace Hopper made great contributions to puter science D．Grace Hopper had been a teacher before working in the U．S. Navy 9．This text is mainly about ________. A．the early life of Grace Hopper B．the origin of the first puter bug C．the history of the Mark Ⅱ puter D．the function of the Mark Ⅱ puter 答案與解析： 本文是記敘文。文章介紹了首個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)bug的由來(lái)及其發(fā)現(xiàn)者Grace Hopper。 6．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Grace Hopper ...discovered the very first puter bug”和第六段的“Hopper was the first person to use the word ‘debug’ to mean ‘get rid of the problems in a puter’”可知，Grace Hopper是第一個(gè)debug計(jì)算機(jī)程序的人。debug指“檢測(cè)并排除(計(jì)算機(jī)程序中的)故障”。 答案：D 7．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“But the puter wasn't giving them the right results”以及第五段的“The moth ...the puter didn't know what to do”可知，死蛾導(dǎo)致了馬可Ⅱ計(jì)算機(jī)不能給出正確結(jié)果。 答案：C 8．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的介紹可知，Grace Hopper為計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。 答案：C 9．解析：主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了首個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)bug的由來(lái)。 答案：B