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2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法對(duì)點(diǎn)講練 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 新人教版 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 1．(xx·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)I got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7：30 train from Paddington. A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught 答案與解析　D　現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，“較早到了辦公室”為結(jié)果。故用D項(xiàng)。 2．(xx·山東卷)The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________ in one corner. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood 答案與解析　A　句意：這個(gè)房間除了角落里有一個(gè)書(shū)架，總的來(lái)說(shuō)是空的。句中stand為不及物動(dòng)詞，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語(yǔ)，修飾a bookshelf。 3．(xx·浙江卷)________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 答案與解析　A　動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)“________ how others react to the book you have just read”作主語(yǔ)，故選A項(xiàng)。 4．(xx·江蘇卷)Lionel Messi, ________ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 答案與解析　D　Lionel Messi和set是主謂關(guān)系，并且該動(dòng)作早于主句的動(dòng)作，故答案為D項(xiàng)。 5．(xx·湖南卷)The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. having bathed 答案與解析　B　句意：太陽(yáng)開(kāi)始升起，整座大山沐浴在金黃色的陽(yáng)光中。the sun和bathe是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用v.-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)。 Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 6．________ (measure) approximately eight by fourteen feet, this room can house 6 to 8 students. 答案與解析　Measuring　句意：這間房子寬8英尺長(zhǎng)14英尺，能容納6至8人居住。measure“(測(cè)量后)有……長(zhǎng)/寬、高”，與句子主語(yǔ)this room之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，作狀語(yǔ)，表示條件。 7．In this section, we will briefly describe possible ways of reducing the costs and risks ________ (involve) in doing this. 答案與解析　involved　句意：在這一章，我們將要簡(jiǎn)單描述在做這事上減少花費(fèi)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方法。costs and risks為名詞短語(yǔ)，其后用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)。costs and risks與involve之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 8．His car ________ (repair) in the repair shop, he drove his brother's instead. 答案與解析　being repaired　句意：他的車(chē)正在修理廠(chǎng)修理，他開(kāi)著哥哥的車(chē)。當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 9．________ (offer) people food, housing and jobs is what a government should first consider after a natural disaster happens. 答案與解析　Offering　句中動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)式不用被動(dòng)式。 10．It was a rare opportunity ________ (see) how these monkeys live in South China. 答案與解析　to see　句意：看到這些猴子是怎么在中國(guó)南方地區(qū)生活，真是一個(gè)難得的機(jī)會(huì)。題干中的it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是to see how these monkeys live in South China。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 I went to the seaside to spend my holiday last summer with my family. One day, I was swimming in the river __11__ someone shouted, “Look out. There is a shark not far away！” On hearing the shout, I was scared to __12__ (die) because I was well aware __13__ its dangerous characteristic. “Just don't worry, Tom！” my father said to me, “but in order to avoid being harmed, let's go back to our hotel.” We stayed in the seaside for about two weeks. Though the weather was __14__ hotter than that in my hometown, I got used to __15__ and __16__ at home. Every morning, I got up earlier than my parents and went for breakfast ahead of time. Then I went to have __17__ chat with my new friend, John, who I happened to e __18__ during my holiday. John was a native and he was familiar with the seaside well. He was a man with good __19__ (quality). Soon we became very good friends. After we parted, we have been keeping writing to each other. Now, I still often hear from him. We talked in our letter about things and persons __20__ we remembered in the seaside. 答案　11.when　12.death　13.of　14.much　15.it　16.felt　17.a　18.across　19.qualification　20.that Ⅳ.完形填空 (xx·安徽模擬) When you ask someone what is the opposite of love, most people will say hate.Both of these words suggest a deep __21__， so it makes sense that most people would believe this to be __22__. But the opposite of love is indifference (冷淡)． Loving and hating both __23__ a lot of energy.The difference is that when you love someone, your heart is __24__ to loving more, and ignoring more of the flaws (缺點(diǎn)) of others.But when you hate someone, you will think __25__ of him. When you are __26__ a terrible experience, you may hate the person who does this terrible thing to you. __27__ the incident is over, a person is usually able to __28__ the feeling that has been leading to his thoughts and emotions. Most people can __29__ being hated by someone more easily than being __30__ by that person.If you want to get someone's __31__， try ignoring him.It often produces such anger and frustration that he will behave __32__ and unkindly. It is always amazing to see the __33__ of someone who has been ignoring the letters for a debt.He is usually __34__ when his account is turned over and he is taken to court for money owed.He is even angrier __35__ he discovers that his bill case has been reported.If you are in that __36__， I think it's better to let others know that you haven't forgotten what you __37__ but you are trying to get the money to pay it. I have had many occasions to __38__ that theory in action.I discovered that it takes a lot of energy to love or hate, but it takes almost no energy to be __39__. On the other hand, indifference can __40__ fierce emotions in others even though they are not offended. 21．A. emotion B. thought C. impression D. belief 22．A. false B. important C. true D. real 23．A. waste B. take C. receive D. cost 24．A. wele B. prior C. close D. open 25．A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something 26．A. taking down B. getting over C. going through D. living through 27．A. Before B. Once C. After D. Unless 28．A. spread B. hide C. share D. release 29．A. handle B. enjoy C. forbid D. stop 30．A. blocked B. loved C. ignored D. fooled 31．A. mind B. attention C. sight D. help 32．A. hatefully B. helpfully C. harmfully D. usefully 33．A. expression B. change C. behavior D. reaction 34．A. satisfied B. shocked C. interested D. excited 35.A. how B. that C. when D. what 36.A. situation B. state C. condition D. matter 37．A. gain B. doubt C. owe D. pay 38．A. observe B. explore C. check D. test 39.A. safe B. indifferent C. peaceful D. inactive 40．A. control B. overe C. reduce D. produce 答案與解析　 21．A　根據(jù)love和hate表示的概念確定選擇，表示愛(ài)和恨都是人類(lèi)深層次的情感，故選emotion“情感”。thought“思想”； impression“印象”； belief“信仰”。 22．C　很多人相信愛(ài)的反義詞就是恨，他們覺(jué)得這是對(duì)的，選true。real強(qiáng)調(diào)人或事物真實(shí)的存在，不是想象或虛構(gòu)的。 23．B　愛(ài)和恨需要消耗許多精力， take“花費(fèi)，耗掉”，符合文意。 24．D　然而它們有區(qū)別：當(dāng)愛(ài)一個(gè)人時(shí)，你的心就會(huì)更愛(ài)別人，更會(huì)包容別人的短處， be open to“向……開(kāi)放”。 25．B　根據(jù)上下文可知，此空填nothing, think nothing of“認(rèn)為……一無(wú)是處”。 26．C　如果你遇到一件很糟糕的事，你也許會(huì)恨那個(gè)對(duì)你做出此事的人。go through“經(jīng)歷”，符合上下文意。take down“記下”； get over“克服；恢復(fù)”； live through“度過(guò)”。 27．B　一旦事情過(guò)去了，人們就會(huì)把這種糟糕的心情釋放掉。once“一旦，一……就”。 28．D　 release“釋放”，符合文意。spread“傳播”； hide“隱藏”； share“分享”。 29．A　被別人怨恨容易處理，然而被人置之不理卻很難處理了。handle“處理”，符合文意。 30．C　由下文的try ignoring him可知，此空選ignore。 31．B　如果想引起別人的注意，那就試著對(duì)別人置之不理。attention“注意力”，符合上下文意。 32．A　根據(jù)下文的unkindly可知，此空選hatefully合適，該詞意為“可恨地，可憎地”。 33．D　下文提到的幾個(gè)例子都是別人對(duì)催款信置之不理帶來(lái)的不利結(jié)果的“反應(yīng)”。reaction“反應(yīng)”，符合上下文意思。expression“表情”； change“變化”； behavior“行為”。 34．B　當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)賬戶(hù)被移交和自己被傳到法庭時(shí)，他通常會(huì)感到非常意外，選shocked“吃驚的，震驚的”。 35．C　當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)被通知自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況時(shí)，甚至更生氣。 36．A　如果你身處那種情況，最好的辦法就是告訴別人你沒(méi)有忘記欠款，你正在盡力還錢(qián)。situation“情況；狀態(tài)；形勢(shì)”，符合上下文意思。 37．C　根據(jù)上文的who has been ignoring the letters for a debt可知，此空選owe。 38．A　根據(jù)下文的I discovered that it takes a lot of energy to love or hate可知，此空填observe。 39．B　此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，表示冷漠卻不需要消耗一點(diǎn)能量，選indifferent。 40．D　盡管對(duì)別人冷淡沒(méi)有冒犯他們，但卻能在別人身上“產(chǎn)生”強(qiáng)烈的情感；且根據(jù)短文第四段尾句的提示，可知選produce。 Ⅴ.閱讀理解 　　　　　　　　　　　 (xx·巢湖一中月考) Sports News of the Week Bolt gains 100m title again in Moscow Last updated: Monday, Aug-12-xx, 08：54 USAIN BOLT of Jamaica won the men's 100 metres final during the IAAF World Athletics Championships in Moscow on Sunday. Usain Bolt was made to look human by a bination of a Russian rainstorm and a fired-up Justin Gatlin on Sunday but the Jamaican superstar was still good enough to regain his world 100 metres title in a surging 9.77 seconds. With former world and Olympic champion and twice-banned doper Gatlin leading at halfway, Bolt was forced to race a rival, rather than the clock. Jason Dufner wins PGA Championship Last Updated: Monday, August 12, xx, 10：38 Jason Dufner won his first major title at the 95th PGA Championship, the top U．S. golf petition, seizing an early lead on Sunday at Oak Hill, Texas and holding on for victory despite a bogey-bogey finish. The 36-year-old American, who squandered a four-shot lead with four holes to play in losing the 2011 PGA Championship, fired a final-round two-under par 68 to finish on 10-under par 270 for 72 holes. Isinbaeva leads harvest day for host Russia at Moscow worlds Last updated: Wednesday, August 14, xx, 10：35 Russia's “pole vault queen” Elena Isinbaeva ignited the Luzhniki stadium as she claimed her third world title on the fourth day of the xx IAAF World Championships here on Tuesday, which saw host Russia harvested two gold and one silver medals in seven finals. Ireland's Heffernan wins world walk title at 35 Last Updated: Wednesday, August 14,xx,15：15 Ireland's Robert Heffernan won the world championship 50km walk title on Wednesday as the 35-year-old finally tasted glory after 13 years of heartbreak and near-misses. Heffernan, fourth in the xx Olympic 50km and fourth in both walks at last year's European championships, broke clear of Mikhail Ryzhov after 35km to deny Russia a clean sweep of the walks after they took gold in both 20km events earlier in the week. 41．When did Bolt regain the men's 100 metres final? A. August 11. B. August 12. C. August 13. D. August 14. 答案與解析　A　從第一條新聞更新時(shí)間， Monday, Aug-12-xx和in Moscow on Sunday推算， Sunday應(yīng)為August 11, A項(xiàng)正確。 42．Where is the PGA held? A. Jamaica. B. Russia. C. America. D. Ireland. 答案與解析　C　從第二條新聞中的the top U．S. golf petition, seizing an early lead on Sunday at Oak Hill, Texas可知，該項(xiàng)賽事是在美國(guó)舉行。 43．________ won the world championship at last after trying hard for 13 years. A. Jason B. Bolt C. Isinbaeva D. Heffernan 答案與解析　D　從倒數(shù)第二段末句finally tasted glory after 13 years of heartbreak and near-misses可知， D項(xiàng)正確。