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中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)長城學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 系 別： 工程技術(shù)系 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名： 冷鵬月 學(xué) 號(hào)： 05211638 2015 年 4 月 15 日 中文資料 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,我國城鄉(xiāng)居民對于食用植物油的消費(fèi)量顯著增加。然而，國內(nèi)油料供給量始終無法滿足國內(nèi)消費(fèi)的增長速度。在供需矛盾日益增大的同時(shí),我國對國際油料市場的依賴性也日益增強(qiáng)。伴隨著人民生活水平和城市化率的不斷提高,油料作物的消費(fèi)需求必然會(huì)進(jìn)一步釋放。所以，扶持我國具有優(yōu)勢的油料作物的發(fā)展以及提高食用油自給量就顯得尤為重要?？v觀中國傳統(tǒng)的油料作物,花生是最主要的品種，相比于其他傳統(tǒng)的油料作物,具有競爭力強(qiáng)、增產(chǎn)潛力大、出油率高、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好、營養(yǎng)價(jià)值高和種植適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)等多方面的優(yōu)勢。因此,大力發(fā)展花生生產(chǎn)對于穩(wěn)定中國油料產(chǎn)業(yè)具有十分重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。 在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)揮中，播種機(jī)是一個(gè)非常關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)。因?yàn)檗r(nóng)業(yè)的特殊性，在每年春季的播種期內(nèi)必須完成播種，同時(shí)播種的要求也是很高，必須同時(shí)完成播種和施肥，還要使種子能夠良好的生長和發(fā)育。因此，播種機(jī)的質(zhì)量好與壞，將直接影響農(nóng)作物的出苗率和生長情況，從而影響農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量。如今，播種機(jī)都可以進(jìn)行精密播種，使種子在田地里合理分布，株距均勻，排鐘量相等，溝深一致。同時(shí)，播種機(jī)在保證農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的前提下大大的提高了工作效率，節(jié)省了大量的人力物力。因此，播種機(jī)的研究與發(fā)展對現(xiàn)代的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展很重要。 雖然我國是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國，但是我國的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械技術(shù)還是比較落后的額。從上世紀(jì)八十年代末開始，我國就開始研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)播種機(jī)。但由于種子的質(zhì)量，耕地條件，機(jī)械制造生產(chǎn)水平和機(jī)械價(jià)格等多種因素的制約，我國在八十年代末主要研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和推廣的是半精密播種機(jī)。為了適應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)背景（農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制）需要，我國主要推廣和生產(chǎn)的是小型單體播種機(jī)。九十年代中期以來，為了滿足農(nóng)業(yè)的更高需求，我國才研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)精密播種機(jī)。當(dāng)時(shí)，由于國情和農(nóng)民的認(rèn)知程度以及播種的作物種類等原因的限制，我國主要研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)的都是主要種植作物的播種機(jī)，如玉米播種機(jī)。高粱播種機(jī)等。只有到了兩千年以后，人們不但自己食用花生，并開始用花生來榨取植物油來滿足自己的生活。此時(shí)，人們才大面積的種植花生。原始的花生種植方法是人工開溝，人工播種， 人工施肥，人工覆土等一些列播種程序。不僅效率低、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、而且播種質(zhì)量不易控制，造成花生產(chǎn)量低，人工成本高，總體效益過低；雖有部分地區(qū)采用簡單機(jī)械進(jìn)行播種，但有時(shí)易出現(xiàn)漏播現(xiàn)象，造成缺苗、斷壟，同樣影響產(chǎn)量及效益。又由于春耕的時(shí)間有限，這樣就限制了花生的大面積種植。在這樣的社會(huì)背景下，我國開始研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)花生播種機(jī)。起初，為了滿足大面積的花生種植，提高工作效率。我國主要研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)的都是有由大型、中型機(jī)械提供動(dòng)力的大型、中型的花生播種機(jī)。該播種機(jī)由相應(yīng)的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械提供動(dòng)力，可以多行播種，播種速度快，效率高，大大的滿足了人們種植花生的需求。近年來，隨著人們環(huán)保健康的意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，為了避免過多的食用含有添加劑的花生，人們都想吃到自己親自種植的花生。因?yàn)槭亲约倚枰?，并不需要大面積的種植，大費(fèi)周折。人們只想在一些小范圍或閑暇的地方種植一些花生，只要滿足自己的需要即可。這樣，人們就會(huì)利用一下邊、角、山坡、懸崖邊等一些小的地方。進(jìn)行花生種植。但是這些地方不適合大型、中型花生播種機(jī)的工作。為了滿足機(jī)器播種的要求，提高工作效率，節(jié)省人力物力，順應(yīng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展，我研究和設(shè)計(jì)了手推式花生播種機(jī)。 手推式花生播種機(jī)就是針對小范圍的地方，不適合大型、中型播種機(jī)工作的耕地而進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的。手推式花生播種機(jī)由傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、排鐘排肥機(jī)構(gòu)，地輪、壓土輪，開溝器、種箱肥箱、整體支架等其他一些輔助機(jī)構(gòu)組成。它可以同時(shí)播種和施肥，可以根據(jù)要求改變播種的距離。它的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)是由鏈輪、鏈條、地輪、軸、排鐘排肥機(jī)構(gòu)組成。首先，由人提供動(dòng)力，推動(dòng)播種機(jī)前進(jìn)，使地輪向前滾動(dòng)，地輪滾動(dòng)帶動(dòng)地輪中間的鏈輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，然后由鏈條傳遞動(dòng)力，帶動(dòng)排鐘排肥機(jī)構(gòu)的鏈輪進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，促使后面的兩個(gè)從動(dòng)軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，通過軸的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)帶動(dòng)排種器和排肥器轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。使種子和肥料落入下面的漏斗內(nèi)，再由輸送管把種子和肥料播撒在開溝器開出的土溝內(nèi)，之后覆土器把開溝器開出的濕土回填，隨著花生播種機(jī)的前進(jìn)，壓土輪跟上對種溝進(jìn)行碾壓。這樣，播種機(jī)就完成了這個(gè)播種工作。手推式花生播種機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，操作維修方便，適合各種人群使用，同時(shí)它質(zhì)量輕便易搬運(yùn)，可以適應(yīng)多種地形。尤其像我國南方地區(qū)，如云南、貴州等多山地區(qū)。而且，我國南方的大多省份多高山，可用的耕地面積很少，并且這大部分耕地都分布在山坡或山頂上。手推式花生播種機(jī)的出現(xiàn)和投入使用，大大的提高了工作效率，節(jié)省了大量的人力物力，更加滿足了人們的生活需求。 外文翻譯 With the development of the economy and the improvement of people’ s living standard, in Chinese, urban and rural residents’ consumption for edible vegetable oil increased significantly. However, the domestic oil supply cannot meet the speed of domestic consumption growth. The contradiction between supply and demand grows, at the same time, our reliance on the international oil market is also growing gradually. With the continuous growing of people’ s living standard and the rate of urbanization, the consumption demand of oil crops will be necessarily further released. Therefore, it is obviously essential to support the development of some oil crops that have more advantages and increase the supply of cooking-oil. Throughout the traditional oil crops in China, the peanut is one of the main varieties. Compared with other traditional oil crops, the peanut has many advantages over others, such as more competitive,high yield potential,good economic benefit, high nutritional value and strong adaptability. Therefore, developing peanut production has great important strategic significance on stable China's oil industry. In agriculture, the sowing machine is a very critical link. Because of the particularity of agriculture and the ligh demand of sowing, it must be finished sowing and feitilization at the same time during the spring period of sowing, which is made to ensure seeds’ good growth and development. Therefore, the quality of sowing machine will directly affect crops’ emergence rate and growing states, thus affecting the production of crops. Nowadays, the sowing machine can have a precise sowing, ensuring the seeds are in reasonable distribution in the field, even planting distance, equal bells in amount and groove depth. At the same time, on the premise of guaranteeing crops’ production, the planter greatly improves the work efficiency and save a lot of manpower and material resources. T echnology is relatively backward. Since the late 1980 s, our country began to research, develop and produce the sowing machines. However, because of various factors, such as the seeds’ bad quality, condition of cultivated land, machinery manufacturing level and price, in the late 1980s, our country mainly research and develop, produce and spread the semi-precise sowing machines. In order to adapt to the demand of the prevailing social background, our country mainly produce and spread the small single sowing machine. Since the 1990s, our country began to research and develop and produce the precise sowing machines so as to meet the higher demand. At that time, because of the limitation of national conditions, farmers’ cognition and sowing crop species, our country mainly paid more attention to the produce of those sowing machines which were used to plant crops, such as corn planters and sorghum planters.extract vegetable oil for satisfying his own life. At this time, people started to plant in large areas. Original peanut cultivation methods are a series of sowing programs, such as artificial furrowing, artificial planting, artificial fertilization, and artificial covering. It not only causes low efficiency andcome from the large and medium-sized machinery. These planters powered by the corresponding agricultural machinery can have a multi-line sowing with fast sowing speed and high efficiency, which greatly satisfies people’ s needs of growing peanuts. In the past years, with people’ s awareness of environmental protection and health raising, most people want to eat the peanuts grown by their own so as to avoid from having too much additives peanuts. Because this is for one’ s own need, it dose not need large areas for peanuts planting. People only want to plant some peanuts in smaller scale or leisure places, just meeting their own needs. Thus, People may make use of some small places, such as their angles edges even the edge of the mountain slope for peanut planting. However, large and medium-sized machinery are unfit for working in these small places. In order to satisfy the demand of machine sowing, improving work efficiency, saving manpower and material resources and conforming with the development, I designed a hand-push peanut sowing machine. The hand-push peanut sowing machine is fit for the small scale places, but unfit for those places planted by large and medium-sized sowing machines. The hand-push peanut sowing machine is consisted of actuators, bells, campana distributing agencies, trailing wheels, press wheels, openers, kinds of fertilizer cases, the overall supports and other ancillary articles. The machine not only may sow and fertilize at the same time, but also change the sowing distance according to its requirement. Its actuator is composed of chain wheels, chains, trailing wheels, axises and campana distributing agencies. Firstly, it is powered by human beings, making the sowing machine moving forward, the wheel rolling forward, thus the rolling trailing wheels drive the wheel in the middle of the chain wheel rotation. Secondly, chains can transfer power and drive chain wheels of campana distributing agencies rotation, through the delivery pipe the seeds and fertilizers would be transfered to the inside earth ditch offered by the opener, after that, covering device turns the wet soil offered by the opener back. Finally, along with the advance of the peanut sowing machine, pressure wheel could keep up with the kind of groove rolling. Thus, sowing machine has finished the sowing work completely. The structure of hand-push peanut sowing machine is simple, so it is easily to operate and repair, and suitable for all kinds of people. At the same time, it is quality light and easy to carry, and can adapt to a variety of terrains. It especially suits for the southern region of our country, such as those mountainous areas in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. What’s more, the most of provinces in south are very mountainous; there are a few cultivated lands, and the majority of those cultivated lands are mainly distributed in hillsides and hilltop. The appearance and using of hand-push peanut sowing machine has improved efficiency greatly, saved a great deal of manpower and material resources, and satisfied more and more human’s life demands.