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走向高考 · 英語(yǔ),路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),Unit 1 A land of diversity,選修八,第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦,Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．識(shí)記單詞 1．__________ (n.) 手段；方法 2．__________ (n.) (人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 (vi.) 處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期 3．__________ (n.) 海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅 4．__________ (vi.) 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 5．__________ (vt.) 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 6．__________ (n.) 行李,means boom customs occur indicate luggage,7．__________ (vi.) 滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑動(dòng)；滑倒 8．__________ (vt. & n．) 租用；雇用 9．__________ (adv.) 無(wú)處；到處都無(wú) 10．__________ (vt. & vi.) 改革；革新 (n.) 改革；改造；改良 11．__________ (vt. & n．) 抓?。蛔ゾo；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì),slip hire nowhere reform grasp,B．聯(lián)想串記 12．__________ (adj.)清晰的；明顯的；明確的 →____________ (n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著 13．__________ (n.)大多數(shù)；大半 →____________ (n.)少數(shù) 14．__________ (vt.)選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人 →____________ (n.)選舉,distinct distinction majority minority elect election,15．__________ (n.)申請(qǐng)人 →____________ (vi.)申請(qǐng) →____________ (n.)申請(qǐng)書；申請(qǐng) 16．__________ (adj.)顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的 →____________ (adv.)顯然地；顯而易見地,applicant apply application apparent apparently,Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)互譯 1．繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 ________________ 2．用……方法；借助…… ________________ 3．習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 ________________ 4．堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) ________________ 5．背靠背 ________________,live on by means of. make a life keep up back to back,6．team up with ________________________ 7．mark out ________________________ 8．take in ________________ 9．a(chǎn) great/good many ________________ 10．a(chǎn)pply for ________________,與……合作或一起工作 用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出……界線 包括；吸收 許多；很多 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到,Ⅲ.典句析練 1．It is likely that. 很可能…… However, ________________ (很可能) Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 【仿寫】很可能今晚她會(huì)給我打電話。 ___________________________________________. 2．why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，表示“……的原因” ________________(那就是為什么) today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 【仿寫】這就是她最終改變想法的原因。 ___________________________________________.,3．過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ) People from different parts of the world, ________________ (被吸引) the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. 【仿寫】因?yàn)楹ε吕匣?，他不敢單?dú)睡覺(jué)。 ________________， he didn't dare to sleep alone.,4．It作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句 ________________ (人們認(rèn)為) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 【仿寫】人們認(rèn)為地球正變得越來(lái)越暖和。 ________________ the Earth is becoming warmer and warmer.,答案：1.it is likely that；It is likely that she'll ring me tonight. 2．That is why; This is why she changed her mind at last. 3．a(chǎn)ttracted by；Frightened by the tiger 4．It is believed that；It is thought/believed that,Ⅳ.課文縮寫語(yǔ)法填空 California is the third largest state in the USA with the most developed economy. 15,000 years ago, the first __1__(settle) crossed the Bering Strait from Asia and arrived in California. The Native Americans suffered greatly after the __2__(arrive) of Europeans in the 16th century. In the 18th century，California __3__(rule) by Spain until 1821 when the people of Mexico gained their __4__(depend) from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. But __5__ the American-Mexican war in 1846，California was given back to the USA．,In 1848, in California Gold was discovered，__6__ attracted people from all over the world to arrive there to achieve their dreams of __7__(become) rich. In 1850，California became __8__ 31st state of the USA as a multicultural society. __9__(attract) by the climate and lifestyle，more and more people from different parts of the world have been immigrating to California，__10__(include) Asians, Africans, Americans and Europeans. 答案：1.settlers 2.arrival 3.was ruled 4.independence 5．a(chǎn)fter 6.which 7.becoming 8.the 9.Attracted 10.including,1.means n．手段；方法,①Television is ________ ________ ________ of communication. 電視是一種有效的通信手段。 ②The water can be carried ________ ________ ________ a pipe. 水可以用管子輸送。,③The bicycle he rode was not ________ ________ ________ the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on. 他騎的自行車是現(xiàn)代騎自行車的人絕不愿意被人看到的那種車。 ④I've tried very hard to improve my English. But ________ ________ ________ are my parents satisfied with my progress. 為了提高英語(yǔ)水平，我已盡力了。但父母對(duì)我的進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)也不滿意。,[巧學(xué)助記](méi) means表示“方式，方法”時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，當(dāng)means作主語(yǔ)且有every, each等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)由some, several, few, many 等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：①an effective means ②by means of ③by any means ④by no means,2．majority n．大多數(shù)；大半 [教材原句]Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.(P2) 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原居住人民傳授天主教。,①At the meeting, young people ________ ________ ________ ________. 在會(huì)上，年輕人占大多數(shù)。 ②________ ________ ________ people voted for him in the election. 大多數(shù)人在選舉中投了他的票。 ③What subject did you ________ ________when you were in university? 你在大學(xué)主修的科目是什么？,[名師點(diǎn)撥] ①當(dāng)a/the majority of.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后的名詞保持一致。 ②當(dāng)the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。 答案：①were in a/the majority ②The majority of ③major in,3．occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) [教材原句]Yes. It didn't occur to me that.(P5)是的，我沒(méi)想到……,①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when ________ ________ ________. 我正在街道上找地方停車的時(shí)候，事故發(fā)生了。 ②His name just did not ________ ________ my memory. 我就是想不起來(lái)他的名字。 ③It had never ________ ________ ________ ________ he might be falling in love with her. 他從未想過(guò)自己會(huì)愛(ài)上她。,[名師點(diǎn)撥] occur常與介詞to搭配，相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞happen，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 答案：①the accident occurred ②occur to ③occurred to him that,4．indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 [教材原句]Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(P7) 試著用上面的表達(dá)表明你在認(rèn)真聽同伴的講述。,①I asked him where the new school was and he ________ the road ahead. 我問(wèn)他新學(xué)校在哪里，他指給我前面那條路。 ②His attitude ________ that he is not very happy with what you are doing. 他的態(tài)度暗示他對(duì)你的所作所為很不高興。 答案：①indicated ②indicates,1.live on(P1)繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存；靠……生活 ①After the earthquake, the old couple ________ ________ with their grandsons. 地震后，這對(duì)老夫婦和他們的孫子繼續(xù)活下去。 ②The minority in the primitive forest used to ________ ________ a diet of wild animals. 原始森林里的少數(shù)民族過(guò)去以野獸作為主食。,[名師點(diǎn)撥] 在“l(fā)ive on”詞組中，on為副詞，意為“繼續(xù)生存下去”，在“l(fā)ive on sth.”詞組中，on為介詞，意為“靠……生活”。 答案：①live on ②live on,2．keep up保持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) [教材原句].which today still keeps_up their Danish culture.(P2) ……今天它仍然沿襲著丹麥文化。 觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義 ①M(fèi)any people keep up this old tradition.( ) ②The wet weather will keep up for three days.( ) ③The high cost of building materials keeps the house price up.( ),④The help of her friends kept her up.( ) ⑤We have to work hard to keep up with these excellent students. 為了跟上這些優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，我們得努力學(xué)習(xí)。 答案：①沿襲 ②維持 ③居高不下 ④使不倒下,3．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺騙 [教材原句]It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(P8) 這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。,觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義 ①The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.( ) ②The old lady was homeless, so I took her in.( ) ③Women are often taken in by products for losing weight.( ) ④I found it easy to take in what the teacher said in class.( ),⑤It is said that black takes in more heat than white.( ) ⑥The dress was big so I had to take in at the waist.( ) 答案：①包括 ②留宿 ③上當(dāng)；受騙 ④理解 ⑤吸收 ⑥改小,4．a(chǎn) great many很多，許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞) ① The country has ________ ________ ________ problems that need urgent attention. 該國(guó)有許許多多急需關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。 ②Nowadays ________ ________ ________ teenagers are addicted to playing computer games, which makes their parents very worried. 當(dāng)今許多青少年迷戀玩電腦游戲，這使他們的父母非常擔(dān)心。,[名師點(diǎn)撥] a good/great many后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但a good/great many后接of時(shí)，必須或者后接代詞加限定詞，如these/those/the/one's等，然后再加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 ③It seems that a great/good many of them are out of work now. 似乎他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在都失業(yè)了。 ④A good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam. 我們班中有很多學(xué)生通過(guò)了考試。 答案：①a great many ②a great many,“It is believed that.”句式 [教材原句]It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(P3) 人們認(rèn)為，過(guò)不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)如此之大，以至于不可能存在明顯的主要的種族和文化群體，而是一個(gè)多種族、多文化的混合體。,[方法規(guī)律]It is believed that.人們認(rèn)為……。在該句型中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 [名師點(diǎn)撥](1)It is said that. 據(jù)說(shuō)…… It is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道…… It is hoped that. 人們希望…… It is thought that. 大家認(rèn)為…… It is well known that. 眾所周知……,(2)“It be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句”可以改寫為：“從句主語(yǔ)＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋不定式”。 ①人們普遍認(rèn)為信息技術(shù)既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)。 __________________ IT has both advantages and disadvantages. ②據(jù)說(shuō)中國(guó)時(shí)髦熱詞“tuhao(土豪)”明年有望被收入《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》。 __________________ China's new buzzword, tuhao, may be in next year's Oxford English Dictionary.,③________ ________ ________ ________，“Selfie” is named the 2013 official word of the year. ＝“Selfie” ________ ________ ________be named the 2013 official word of the year. 據(jù)報(bào)道“自拍”成為2013年的年度熱詞。 答案：①It is generally believed/thought that ②It is said that ③It is reported that；is reported to,名詞性從句 1．The best moment was ________ the Chinese player scored the winning goal. 答案：when 考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意為：最精彩的時(shí)刻是中國(guó)隊(duì)選手贏得決勝球時(shí)。when表示“在……時(shí)候，在……情況下”，用于談?wù)撃硞€(gè)時(shí)間或某種情況。,2．________ Mo Yan had been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature made us very proud. 答案：That 考查名詞性從句。句意為：莫言獲得2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)讓我們感到非常自豪。分析句子成分可知，made是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，us是賓語(yǔ)，very proud是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，因此________ Mo Yan had been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature是主語(yǔ)從句，并在句中作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句成分齊全，因此用that作引導(dǎo)詞，不作句子成分，只起連接作用。,3．It hasn't been made clear ________ the new underground line is to be open to traffic. 答案：when 考查名詞性從句。句意為：新的地鐵線路何時(shí)開放還不清楚。句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，空處引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知用when。 4．At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ________ it got any better. 答案：if/whether 考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意為：一開始他不喜歡這份新工作，但決定給自己幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間看看情況會(huì)不會(huì)有所好轉(zhuǎn)。,5．Can I have a word with ________ is in charge of the guest room department? 答案：whoever 考查賓語(yǔ)從句。此處with之后為介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，whoever作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。句意為：我能和負(fù)責(zé)客房部的人談?wù)剢幔?1．(2014·湖北改編)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ________(slip) and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. 答案：slipped 句意：看到一大群人朝他來(lái)了，他開始往山下跑，但是滑到了，趴在了正在融化的雪中。slip滑倒，其過(guò)去式為slipped。,2．(2014·江西改編)He is thought ________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 答案：to have acted 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他被認(rèn)為行為愚蠢，現(xiàn)在，除了他自己沒(méi)有人該為他失去工作負(fù)責(zé)了。sb./ sth. be thought 后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。又由他現(xiàn)在失去工作可知他行為愚蠢是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，導(dǎo)致他失去工作，所以要用不定式的完成式。,3．(2012·江西改編) It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office. 答案：that 考查主語(yǔ)從句。本句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，后面為主語(yǔ)從句，從句句意完整，也不缺少句子成分，故填that。It occurred to sb. that.“某人突然想起．.”。句意：他突然想起把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。,4．(2011·陜西改編)Some insects take ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. 答案：on 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：一些昆蟲呈現(xiàn)出它們周圍環(huán)境的顏色來(lái)保護(hù)自己。take on雇用；呈現(xiàn)。,5．(2011·湖南改編)One-third of the country ______(be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________(be) black people. 答案：is；are 考查主謂一致。句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家有三分之一的面積被森林覆蓋，并且大多數(shù)公民是黑人?！胺?jǐn)?shù)詞＋of＋名(代)詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于該名(代)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以第一個(gè)空用is；the majority of the citizens后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，所以第二個(gè)空用are。,