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走向高考 · 英語(yǔ),路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),Unit 5 The power of nature,選修六,第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦,Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．識(shí)記單詞 1．__________ (n.) 火山 2．__________ (adv.) 在旁邊；沿著邊 (prep.) 在……旁邊；沿著……的邊 3．__________ (n.) 波浪；波濤 (vi.) 波動(dòng)；起伏；揮手 4．__________ (n.) 潛在性；可能性；潛能 (adj.) 可能的；潛在的 5．__________ (vt.) 射中；射傷 6．__________ (adj.) 多種多樣的；不同的 7．__________ (vt.) 保證；擔(dān)保,volcano alongside wave potential shoot diverse guarantee,B．聯(lián)想串記 8．__________ (vi.)(指火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生 →____________ (n.)火山爆發(fā)；(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)爆發(fā) 9．__________ (vt.)任命；委派 →____________ (n.)約定；任命 10．__________ (vt.)評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)；估計(jì) →____________ (n.)評(píng)估 11．__________ (adj.)絕對(duì)的；完全的 →____________ (adv.)絕對(duì)地；完全地 12．____________(n.)一套外衣；套裝；(vt.)適合；使適宜 →____________ (adj.)合適的,erupt eruption appoint appointment evaluate evaluation absolute absolutely suit suitable,13．__________ (adj.)實(shí)在的；實(shí)際的 →____________ (adv.)實(shí)際地 14．__________ (adj.)憂慮的；不安的 →____________ (adv.)不安地 →____________ (n.)擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望 15．__________ (vi. & vt.)驚慌；(n.)驚慌；恐慌 →____________ (過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞) 16．__________ (n.)欣賞；感激；感謝 →____________ (vt.)欣賞；感激,actual actually anxious anxiously anxiety panic panicked appreciation appreciate,Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)互譯 1．有……天賦 ________________ 2．被委派為…… ________________ 3．全部焚毀 ________________ 4．前往 ________________ 5．對(duì)……憂慮/不安 ________________ 6．glance through ________________ 7．vary from.to. ________________ 8．give birth to ________________ 9．be buried under the ruins ________________ 10．be suitable for ________________,have a gift for be appointed as burn to the ground make one's way be anxious about 匆匆看一遍 由……到……不等 生孩子；產(chǎn)仔 被埋在廢墟下 適合……,Ⅲ.典句析練 1．動(dòng)詞－ing形式的完成式作狀語(yǔ) ____________________(收集和評(píng)估完這些信息之后)，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 【仿寫】做完家務(wù)后，她就一直在上網(wǎng)。 ____________________， she kept on surfing the Internet.,2．be about to do. when剛要……這時(shí)(突然)…… I ____________ (剛要) go back to sleep __________ (這時(shí)) suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 【仿寫】我正要睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)電話鈴響了。 ___________________________________________. 3．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but ____________________ (這是我的第一次經(jīng)歷), I stayed at the top and watched them. 【仿寫】女孩盯著他看，他不知道說(shuō)什么。 ____________________， he didn't know what to say.,4．only to do.結(jié)果……(出乎意料的結(jié)果) Hearing a scream, I rushed downstairs ___________ _________(結(jié)果看到) my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests. 【仿寫】我們等了三個(gè)小時(shí)，結(jié)果被告知第二天再來(lái)。 We waited three hours ________________________ the next day.,答案：1.Having collected and evaluated the information；Having finished the housework 2．was about to；when；I was about to sleep when the telephone rang. 3．this being my first experience；The girl staring at him 4．only to see；only to be told to come again,Ⅳ.課文縮寫語(yǔ)法填空 I was appointed__1__ a volcanologist twenty years ago. The job is exciting but __2__(occasion) dangerous. I don't mind the danger because I help protect ordinary people __3__ the volcanoes. What I do is __4__ (collect) database about Mount Kilauea，an active volcano in Hawaii. __5__ collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.,When boiling rocks erupt from a volcano and crashes back to earth, __6__ causes less damage than you might imagine. The reason is that no one lives near the top of the mount, where rocks fall. However, the lava can bury __7__ in its path under molten rock.,Once I was __8__ (luck) enough to have a much closer look at the volcano the day after its eruption with two other scientists. We have to wear __9__ (protect) suits that covered our whole body. We made __10__ way to the edge of the crater and collected some lava for later study. That was my first experience. 答案：1.as 2.occasionally 3.from 4.to collect 5.Having 6.it 7.everything 8.lucky 9.protective 10.our,1.appoint vt.任命；委派；約定；指定；安排 [教材原句]I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.(P34) 二十年前我被任命為火山學(xué)家，為夏威夷火山觀測(cè)站工作。,①The time ________ ________ the meeting was 10：30 am. 規(guī)定開會(huì)的時(shí)間是上午10點(diǎn)30分。 ②They ________ ________ ________ captain of the team. 他們?nèi)蚊麨樵撽?duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。 ③Xiaoli ________ ________ ________ ________ the manager and arrived at the ________ time. Later, he was ________ to an important post. 小李和經(jīng)理預(yù)約并在約定的時(shí)間到達(dá)。后來(lái)他被任命了一個(gè)重要的職務(wù)。,④His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30. 他的約定是在上午的10點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)8點(diǎn)30分了。 答案：①appointed for ②appointed him as ③made an appointment with；appointed；appointed,2．suit v．適合某人；對(duì)(某人)方便 [教材原句]We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.(P34) 我們都穿著白色的防護(hù)服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。,①If you want to go by bus, that ________ me fine. 要是你想坐公共汽車去，那對(duì)我很合適。 ②A good teacher ________ his lessons ________ the age of his pupils. 一位優(yōu)秀的老師應(yīng)使他的課適合學(xué)生的年齡。,③The size of the shirt fits me well and its color matches my tie, so it suits me fine. 襯衣的尺寸非常適合我，并且顏色與我的領(lǐng)帶顏色搭配，所以合乎我的條件。 答案：①suits ②suits；to,3．unconscious adj.失去知覺(jué)的；未察覺(jué)的 The jailer beat the prisoner ________ but he was never ________ ________ his mistake. 獄警把囚犯打得不省人事，但他沒(méi)意識(shí)到自己犯了錯(cuò)誤。 答案：unconscious；conscious of,4．panic v．(使人或動(dòng)物)受驚；驚慌(panicked；panicked) n．驚訝；恐慌 [教材原句]I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.(P38) 我非常緊張，不得不強(qiáng)迫自己不要驚慌。,①She ________ ________ ________ real ________ when she thought she'd lost the tickets. 當(dāng)她認(rèn)為丟失入場(chǎng)券時(shí)，她陷入了恐慌。 ②The protests became more violent and many landowners were ________ ________ leaving the country. 抗議變得更加激烈，許多地主慌忙離開了那個(gè)國(guó)家。 ③Shoppers ________ ________ ________ ________ things they don't need. 購(gòu)物者因恐慌，搶購(gòu)一些他們并不需要的東西。 答案：①got into a；panic ②panicked into ③are panicked into buying,5．a(chǎn)nxious adj.憂慮的，不安的,①She ________ ________ ________ finish school and get a job. 她渴望畢業(yè)后找份工作。 ②I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm ________ ________ ________ help from you. 別人告訴我輔導(dǎo)中心可以給學(xué)生提供幫助，我急于想從您那兒得到一些幫助。,③I ________ ________ ________ his safety when I heard the news of the train accident. 當(dāng)我聽到火車事故的消息時(shí)，我很擔(dān)心他的安全。 ④If you are worried about your health, share your ________ with your doctor. 你要是擔(dān)心自己的健康，就把自己的憂慮告訴醫(yī)生吧。 答案：①was anxious to ②anxious to get ③felt anxious about/was anxious about ④anxieties,6．guarantee vt.保證；擔(dān)保；確保 n．保證；保證書,①Even if you complete your training, I can't ________ ________ ________ ________. 即使你結(jié)束了培訓(xùn)，我也不能擔(dān)保你會(huì)有份工作。 ②The plan would ________ health care service ________ all Americans. 這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃將保證所有美國(guó)人都能享受醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。,③Going out with friends is guaranteed to cheer you up. 和朋友一起出去玩肯定會(huì)讓你高興起來(lái)。 ④Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time? 你能向我保證工作會(huì)按時(shí)完成嗎？ 答案：①guarantee you a job (guarantee a job to you) ②guarantee；to,1.burn to the ground全部焚毀 [教材原句]．, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.(P34) ……，許多房屋被火山巖所覆蓋或被全部焚毀。,①The room grew colder as the fire ________ ________. 隨著爐火逐漸弱，房間越來(lái)越冷。 ②He put more wood on the fire to make it ________ ________. 他把更多的木柴都放進(jìn)火爐來(lái)使它燃燒得更旺一些。 答案：①burnt down ②burn up,2．make one's way前往；行進(jìn) ①He ________ ________ ________ ________ the petrol station. 他向加油站行進(jìn)。 ②Will you be able to ________ ________ ________ ________ the airport by yourself? 你能自己去機(jī)場(chǎng)嗎？ ③Gradually, Henderson began to ________ ________ ________ in politics. 亨德森逐漸開始在政界有所建樹。,④Without experience in it, we have to feel our way. 由于在這方面沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們只能摸索著前進(jìn)。 ⑤She gradually fought her way to the top of the company. 她努力奮斗，逐漸進(jìn)入公司高層。 答案：①made his way towards ②make your way to ③make his way,3．vary from.to.由……到……不等,①These apples ________ in size ________ small ________ medium. 這些蘋果由小到中等大小不等。 ②People ________ very much ________ their ideas. 人們?cè)谟^念方面很不相同。 ③The color of the leaves ________ ________ weather. 葉子的顏色隨著天氣而變化。,④With the EP, the temperature will not vary_in any part of the room. 有了EP，在房間的任何地方，溫度不會(huì)差別不一。 ⑤(2013·山東)The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Sparrow的電視廣告聚焦在娛樂(lè)和富有特色的由各類明星演唱的原始歌曲上。 答案：①vary；from；to ②vary；in ③varies with,1.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) [教材原句]The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.(P35) 另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 [句式分析]此處this being my first experience是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其中代詞this起著邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用；being my first experience是現(xiàn)在分詞，表示狀態(tài)。,[方法規(guī)律](1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，但在語(yǔ)意上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子，一般用逗號(hào)與句子主體部分隔開。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。 (2)常見的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行)/過(guò)去分詞(被動(dòng)、完成)/不定式(將來(lái))/形容詞、副詞/介詞短語(yǔ),①________________， we'll go out for playing football. 天氣允許的話，我們將出去踢足球。 ②____________________， we have no time to play. 有這么多的工作要做，我們沒(méi)有時(shí)間玩。 ③____________________， we began our holiday. 考試結(jié)束了，我們開始度假了。,④He came back into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房間里，耳朵凍紅了。 ⑤He came out of the library, a book under (his) arm. 他胳膊下夾著一本書，從圖書館里出來(lái)了。 答案：①Weather permitting ②So much work to do ③The test finished,2．only to do表示出乎意料的結(jié)果 [教材原句]Hearing a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.(P37) 聽到尖叫聲，我沖到樓下，結(jié)果看到女主人暈倒在地上，周圍圍著她的客人。 [方法規(guī)律](1)only to do作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示“不料……；結(jié)果(卻)……”是一個(gè)沒(méi)有料到的、事與愿違的結(jié)果。 (2)注意動(dòng)詞－ing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞－ing表示的結(jié)果為一種合乎自然的、順理成章的結(jié)果，一種意料之內(nèi)的結(jié)果。,①He hurried home ________________________________. 他匆忙趕回家，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)房子著火了。 ②The police hurried to the spot, ____________________ the damaged car had been taken away. 警察急忙趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果被告知被毀的汽車已被人拖走。 ③The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing. 大火持續(xù)了近一個(gè)月，什么也沒(méi)剩下。 答案：①only to find his house on fire ②only to be told that,v．－ing形式 1．To find a good job，I need to continue my education，________(equip) myself with rich knowledge. 答案：equipping 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：為了找到一個(gè)好工作，我需要繼續(xù)我的學(xué)業(yè)，用更豐富的知識(shí)來(lái)武裝自己。分析題干可知，本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞need to continue，且逗號(hào)后無(wú)連詞，故equip應(yīng)用其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；又由于equip中與其邏輯主語(yǔ)是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故空格處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式形式，即equipping。,2．The girl was occupied in doing his homework, only ________ (stop) once in a while to look out of the window. 答案：stopping 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：那個(gè)女孩正忙著寫作業(yè)，只是偶爾地停下來(lái)向窗外看一看。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，且與主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞stopping。,3．________ received a large salary rise already，Sarah is thinking of buying a new apartment. 答案：Having 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，逗號(hào)前為狀語(yǔ)，空格處與句子的主語(yǔ)是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處的動(dòng)作是先發(fā)生的，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。,4．________(enter) the room，the nurse found the tape recorder ________ steal. 答案：Entering; stolen 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：護(hù)士進(jìn)入房間里發(fā)現(xiàn)磁帶錄音機(jī)被偷走了。主語(yǔ)the nurse與enter是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，第一空用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；steal和the tape recorder是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，第二空應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式。,1．(2014·浙江改編)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________(appoint) to guard her. 答案：appointed 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：Amie Salmon，殘疾，委派一位護(hù)士全程陪她上學(xué)。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是nurse后的定語(yǔ)；appoint與nurse之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。,2．(2014·福建改編)It is widely acknowledged that students should ________(evaluate) in terms of overall quality. 答案：be evaluated 句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該用綜合能力對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。,3．(2014·江蘇改編)The lecture ________ been given, a lively question-and-answer session followed. 答案：having 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。a lively question- and-answer session followed緊跟著是一個(gè)問(wèn)答環(huán)節(jié)，是句子主干，所以逗號(hào)前面部分是要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，the lecture與give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又give動(dòng)作發(fā)生在follow動(dòng)作之前，所以要用having been done形式作狀語(yǔ)，即表示被動(dòng)，又強(qiáng)調(diào)完成。,