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走向高考 · 英語(yǔ),路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),寫(xiě)作素能培養(yǎng),第三部分,第十一講 解讀圖表信息， 穩(wěn)固構(gòu)建圖表作文,第二部分,圖表作文是高考書(shū)面表達(dá)較常見(jiàn)的考查形式之一，要求考生通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)、文字內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析，對(duì)前后變化、正反觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，或者對(duì)某產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行介紹，系統(tǒng)而準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出圖表所示內(nèi)容，并得出令人信服的結(jié)論。從體裁看，主要有說(shuō)明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。在該文體中常常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,一、試題特征 1．表格式 表格式書(shū)面表達(dá)就是將統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)或被說(shuō)明的事物直接以統(tǒng)計(jì)表的形式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。這類(lèi)題目往往是介紹某種情況或辯論某種觀點(diǎn)與看法，體裁以說(shuō)明文和議論文為主。 2．圖形式 主要有以下三種形式： (1)表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的曲線圖。 (2)表示數(shù)據(jù)大小或數(shù)量之間差異的柱狀圖。 (3)表示總體結(jié)構(gòu)變化的餅狀圖。,二、寫(xiě)作步驟(三段論) 1．開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，點(diǎn)明圖表要反映的主題。 2．中間段落對(duì)圖表的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析，可采用分類(lèi)或?qū)Ρ葋?lái)表現(xiàn)主題，并闡明必要的理由。在敘述中切忌反復(fù)使用同一句型，忌反復(fù)出現(xiàn)圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)。 3．發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)全文進(jìn)行小結(jié)。,三、注意事項(xiàng) 1．認(rèn)真閱讀和掌握?qǐng)D表提供的信息，弄清設(shè)計(jì)者想通過(guò)圖表來(lái)反映的信息、問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于曲線圖形式，要認(rèn)真觀察坐標(biāo)系所顯示的數(shù)據(jù)信息，并密切注意交匯在坐標(biāo)橫軸和縱軸上的數(shù)字及單位；對(duì)柱狀圖和餅狀圖，要通過(guò)寬度相等的柱形的高度差別和各部分所占比例來(lái)判斷事物的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，關(guān)注坐標(biāo)線的刻度單位及圖表旁邊的提示說(shuō)明。 2．在掌握了全部信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著手分析這些信息或數(shù)據(jù)，通過(guò)分析對(duì)比，找出不同點(diǎn)和相似點(diǎn)。,四、常用句式 1．描述圖表中的變化與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 快速上升：rise(increase/go up)sharply(rapidly/quickly/ dramatically) 緩慢下降：decrease(reduce/come down/decline/drop/fall) slowly (gradually),2．闡述事實(shí)的句式 ①As is apparently shown in the pie chart/graph/table above. 正如上面餅狀圖/曲線圖/表格所明顯呈現(xiàn)的…… ②As far as.is concerned，much progress has been made. 就……而言，已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。 ③There is an increase of about.percent，compared with. 與……相比較，大約增加了……,④50% of the people surveyed express the satisfaction with.，while only 40% of them are satisfied with. 在調(diào)查中有50%的人對(duì)……滿意，而僅有40%的人對(duì)……滿意。 ⑤By comparison with.，it decreased(fell)/increased from.to. 和……相比，從……減少/增加到…… ⑥It is obvious from the graph/chart that.rank the first /highest，while.turn out to be the lowest. 圖中清楚顯示……是排在第一位/最高的，而……結(jié)果最低。,3．表達(dá)原因的句式 ①The reason why/for.is that. ……的原因是…… ②One may think of the change as a result of. 人們可能把這種變化認(rèn)作是……的結(jié)果。 ③The change in.largely results from the fact that. 在……上的變化很大程度上是由……的事實(shí)造成的。,④First/Firstly/To begin with.；Second/Secondly/And then/ Next.；Finally/Last but not least/Apart from the above reasons. 首先……；其次……；最后/最后但同樣重要的是/除了上述原因…… ⑤It is because of.that. 由于……才……,4．歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評(píng)論的句式 ①in a word(總之)/in short(簡(jiǎn)而言之)/generally speaking(總的說(shuō)來(lái))/to sum up(總之，概括地說(shuō))/in conclusion總之，最后/in summary總之 ②From what has been discussed above，we can draw the conclusion that. 從以上的討論我們可以得出結(jié)論，…… ③Obviously/Apparently，if we want to.，it is necessary to do/that. 很明顯，如果我們想……，……是有必要的。,④There is no doubt that attention must be paid to. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我們必須注意…… ⑤I suggest the government take effective measures to. 我建議政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施來(lái)…… ⑥All in all，it is.that leads to the phenomenon. 總而言之，是……導(dǎo)致了這種現(xiàn)象。,下圖是某大學(xué)教授對(duì)其學(xué)生是否成功的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及人們對(duì)于這種觀點(diǎn)的看法。請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給內(nèi)容用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。,,核心詞匯： ①做一個(gè)調(diào)查：conduct a survey ②衡量成功：judge one's success ③恥辱和失?。簊hame and failure ④反對(duì)某人的觀點(diǎn)：oppose one's view ⑤掙錢(qián)：make money ⑥發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)：voice one's opinion ⑦用合理的方法：in a reasonable way,要點(diǎn)四：在接受調(diào)查的人群中，觀點(diǎn)不同。 Opinions are divided/different/vary among the surveyed people. 要點(diǎn)五：正如上面餅狀圖所示，70%的人反對(duì)這位老師的觀點(diǎn)。 Just as the pie chart shows,70% of them oppose the teacher's view. 要點(diǎn)六：他們認(rèn)為老師不應(yīng)該用金錢(qián)來(lái)評(píng)判他們的學(xué)生。 They think that teachers shouldn't judge their students' success by money.,要點(diǎn)七：25%的人認(rèn)為這是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生多賺錢(qián)的好方法。 25% of them think this is a good way to encourage students to make more money. 要點(diǎn)八：還有一些人沒(méi)有發(fā)表他們的觀點(diǎn)。 There are also a few people who don't voice/express their opinions. 要點(diǎn)九：就我看來(lái)，我們應(yīng)該用一種理性的方法來(lái)理解成功。 In my opinion/As far as I am concerned，we should understand success in a reasonable way.,要點(diǎn)十：金錢(qián)肯定是衡量成功的一種方式。 Money is certainly one way to measure success. 要點(diǎn)十一：金錢(qián)不是衡量成功的唯一方式。 Money is not the only way to measure success.,升級(jí)句式二：用形式主語(yǔ)it改寫(xiě)要點(diǎn)三中的狀語(yǔ)從句 It can be seen from the picture that a teacher says that a student without 40 million yuan at the age of 40 means shame and failure. 升級(jí)句式三：用what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)要點(diǎn)五 What the pie chart shows is that 70% of them oppose the teacher's view. 升級(jí)句式四：把要點(diǎn)八的定語(yǔ)從句改成非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) There are also a few people not voicing/expressing their opinions. 升級(jí)句式五：把要點(diǎn)十中的certainly改成it is certain that. It is certain that money is one way to measure success.,One possible version: Recently，a survey has been conducted about whether a teacher should judge his students' success by the money they have earned.,As can be seen from the picture，a teacher says that a student without 40 million yuan at the age of 40 means shame and failure.But opinions are divided among the surveyed people.Just as the pie chart shows,70% of them oppose the teacher's view.They think that teachers shouldn't judge their students' success by money，while 25% of them think this is a good way to encourage students to make more money.There are also a few people who don't voice their opinions. As far as I am concerned，we should understand success in a reasonable way.Money is certainly one way to measure success，but it is not the only way.,(2015·河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬) 假設(shè)最近你在自己的班級(jí)就校服問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了調(diào)查(survey)。下面是調(diào)查的統(tǒng)計(jì)表。請(qǐng)你參照該統(tǒng)計(jì)表給校報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇有關(guān)校服問(wèn)題調(diào)查的報(bào)告，并簡(jiǎn)要闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。,注意：1.報(bào)告須包括本調(diào)查表中的主要內(nèi)容，并可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使內(nèi)容連貫。 2．詞數(shù)100字左右。 3．參考詞匯：趕時(shí)髦follow fashion; 校服school uniform _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________,答案：I did a survey about our school uniform. I asked some of my classmates what they thought about our school uniform. Here is the brief report about it. The majority are in favor of our school uniform, thinking it very fashionable and its color nice. They also think it is neat and tidy, and suits the students. In some students' opinion, when they wear our school uniform they feel equal. Besides, there is no need for them to follow fashion.,However, 30 percent don't agree, arguing that they feel it uncomfortable and old-fashioned. What's more, its style is too simple, lacking personality. The rest of the students don't care about it, saying it is the only best choice to obey the school rules. In my opinion, it's better to have a discussion about the school uniform, and if possible, to hold a DIY competition among students beforehand is even a better way.,