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,必修4 Unit 1—Unit 5,Unit 2 Working the land,,1．________(vi.&n.) 斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力 2．________(n.) 十年；十年期 3．________(vt.&vi.) 使變大；伸展 4．________(n.) 自由；自主 5．________(adv.) 因此；所以；因而 6．________(vt.) 遺憾；惋惜 (n.) 遺憾；懊悔 7．________(n.) 焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn) (vt.) 集中；聚焦 8．________(vt.) 減少；減縮,重點(diǎn)單詞,struggle decade expand freedom,focus,reduce,therefore,Regret,9．__________(n.) 評(píng)論；議論 (vi.&vt.) 表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng) 10．__________(n.) 產(chǎn)量；輸出 11．_________(adj.)引起煩惱的；令人不安的→________________(adj.)擾亂的；精神失常的→__________(vt.)擾亂；打擾 12．________(vt.&vi.)配備；裝備→____________(n.)設(shè)備(不可數(shù)) 13．________(vt.&vi.)輸出；出口→________(反義詞)(vt.&vi.)輸入；進(jìn)口 14．___________(vt.)使迷惑；使為難→___________(adj.)令人迷惑的→_________(adj.)感到迷惑的→___________(n.)迷惑 15．________(n.)發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺(jué)→________(vt.)發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺(jué)；觀察；觀測(cè),comment,output,disturbing,disturbed,disturb,equip,equipment,export,import,confusing,confused,confusion,discovery,discover,confuse,1．________________ 幸虧；由于 2．________________ 擺脫；除去 3．________________ 寧愿；寧可 4．________________ 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開(kāi)發(fā) 5．____________________ 使……免受……(影響；傷害等)；使……不含(有害物) 6．________________ 導(dǎo)致 7．________________ 對(duì)……感到滿意 8．________________ 集中(注意力、精力等)于 9．________________ 尋找 10．________________ 另外,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),thanks to rid.of would rather build up keep.free from/of lead to be satisfied with focus on search for in addition,1．Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁隆平博士種植的是被稱(chēng)為“超級(jí)雜交水稻”的稻種。 [解讀] what is called.“所謂的……”，what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 [仿寫(xiě)] 眾所周知，我們生活在所謂的信息時(shí)代。 As is known to us，we now live in ________________ Information Age.,經(jīng)典句型,答案：what is called,2．If so，what did you do to grow them? 如果是這樣的話，你怎樣來(lái)種植這些植物？ [解讀] if so意為“如果這樣的話”，是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。 [仿寫(xiě)] 這個(gè)周日你有空嗎？如果有，我們?nèi)ヒ盃I(yíng)吧。 Will you be free this Sunday？________________，let's go camping.,答案：If so,3．This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。 [解讀] make it＋adj.＋to do，其中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，to do為真正賓語(yǔ)。 [仿寫(xiě)] 這部法律使得讓人們遵守(observe)交通規(guī)則成為可能。 The law ________________ for people________observe the traffic rules.,答案：makes it possible；to,4．Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。 [解讀] “倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.原級(jí)＋as”是表達(dá)倍數(shù)最常用的句式。 [仿寫(xiě)] 我弟弟比你妹妹高一倍。 My brother is ________________ your sister.,答案：twice as tall as,1．struggle vt.&vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力；掙扎 [教材原句] Indeed，his sunburnt face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的確，他那被太陽(yáng)曬得黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體，就跟其他千百萬(wàn)的中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣，過(guò)去50年來(lái)，他一直在努力幫助他們。,板塊一：核心單詞,①struggle for為……而斗爭(zhēng)/拼搏 ②struggle with/against sb./sth.與……作斗爭(zhēng) ③struggle to do sth.努力做某事 ④struggle to one's feet掙扎著站起來(lái),[見(jiàn)證2014]They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. 他們知道這個(gè)產(chǎn)品會(huì)有市場(chǎng)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)民正努力應(yīng)付化肥的昂貴，而且近年來(lái)這些農(nóng)民已經(jīng)使土壤中天然礦物質(zhì)含量減少了。 (2014·安徽卷閱讀理解E),①We still have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties. 我們?nèi)缘煤透鞣N各樣的困難作斗爭(zhēng)。 ②In 1862 the American slaves won their struggle________freedom. 1862年美國(guó)奴隸贏得了爭(zhēng)取自由的斗爭(zhēng)。 ③They were struggling________(get) out of the burning car. 他們正掙扎著從燃燒著的汽車(chē)?yán)锿馀馈?④He struggled________his feet and dragged slowly ahead. 他掙扎著站起來(lái)并緩慢地前行。,答案：②for ③to get ④to,2．expand vt. 使變大，使增強(qiáng)，闡述 vi. 擴(kuò)大，增加，增強(qiáng) [教材原句] Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 袁隆平尋找一種方法來(lái)增加水稻的產(chǎn)量而不用擴(kuò)大其種植面積。,①expand.into 把……擴(kuò)展(發(fā)展，膨脹)成 ②expand on/upon 闡述，詳談 ③expand one's knowledge/mind擴(kuò)展知識(shí)/心智 ④expansion n. 擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張,①A child's vocabulary expands through reading. 孩子的詞匯量通過(guò)閱讀得到擴(kuò)大。 ②Why not try to expand your story ________________？ 為什么不試著把你的故事擴(kuò)展成一部小說(shuō)呢？ ③I don't quite follow your reasoning.Can you expand__________？ 我不大能理解你的推論，你能詳談嗎？,答案：②into a novel ③on it,[比較辨析],[填一填] ①The hot weather ________ to October. ②He ________ his arm to take the book. ③Water ________ when it freezes. ④The fire soon ________ to the nearby buildings.,答案：①extended ②stretched ③expands ④spread,3．rid vt. 擺脫；除去(rid；rid) [教材原句] Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中有了更多的辦法。,①rid sb./sth.of.使某人/某物擺脫…… ②get rid of擺脫掉，除掉，處理掉 ③be rid of sb./sth.擺脫某人/某物,①How to get rid of pollution is a big problem we are facing nowadays. 如何除掉污染是我們當(dāng)今所面臨的一大難題。 ②It's very hard for people to rid the world________war. 人們要使世界免除戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)很難。 ③He will never____________his need for wealth. 他永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法消除對(duì)財(cái)富的渴望。,答案：②of ③be rid of,4．equip vt.&vi. 裝備；配備(equipped；equipped) [教材原句] He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 因此，他資助幾百萬(wàn)元供其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)研究。,(1)equip.with.用……裝備…… be equipped with裝備著…… equip.for sth./to do sth.為了……而裝備；使……能夠做某事 be well/poorly equipped設(shè)備精良的/較差的 (2)equipment n．裝備；設(shè)備(不可數(shù)名詞) a piece of equipment一件設(shè)備,[見(jiàn)證2014]Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents.Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. 現(xiàn)在的科學(xué)家正在努力研究洋流時(shí)，大多使用衛(wèi)星和其他高科技設(shè)備。 (2014· 廣東卷閱讀理解D),①We want to equip our children with some special skills. 我們想讓孩子們具有某些特殊的技能。 ②He is equipped________much experience in teaching. 他具有豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 ③His work experience equipped him______________(deal)with all kinds of people. 他的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)使他能與各種各樣的人打交道。 ④Your training will equip you________your future job. 你的訓(xùn)練將使得你能夠勝任將來(lái)的工作。 ⑤________with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. 因?yàn)檎莆樟丝茖W(xué)的農(nóng)耕方法，現(xiàn)在，他們已經(jīng)可以使用比過(guò)去更少的農(nóng)田進(jìn)行耕種。,答案：②with ③to deal ④for ⑤Equipped,5．confuse vt.使迷惑；使為難；使混亂；混淆 [教材原句] It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 把這個(gè)再解釋一遍很重要，否則我們就會(huì)使學(xué)生感到迷惑。,(1)confuse.with/and.混淆；把……混同；辨別不清 be confused by被……弄混，糊涂 (2)be confused about對(duì)……糊涂，不解 (3)confused adj.困惑的，煩惱的(表示人的內(nèi)心感受) (4)confusing adj.令人費(fèi)解的；使人困惑的(表示事物的狀態(tài)) (5)confusion n．困惑,[見(jiàn)證2014]With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. 獅子的注意力被分散了，所以它感到迷惑，不確定下一步該做什么了。 (2014·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀理解C) ①I(mǎi) confused her with her sister because they were so alike. 我把她和她妹妹弄混了，因?yàn)樗齻冮L(zhǎng)得太像了。 ②________，I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. 我看了一眼板著臉的老師，內(nèi)心充滿了困惑。 ③I was getting________by such a________problem. 我被這么困惑的問(wèn)題搞得不知所措。,答案：②Confused ③confused；confusing,6．regret v. 可惜；后悔；遺憾；惋惜 n. 遺憾；抱歉(regretted；regretted) [教材原句] His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. 他的父親說(shuō)他從不后悔送他兒子到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。,,①I(mǎi) have always regretted not having studied hard at school. 我一直后悔在校期間沒(méi)有努力學(xué)習(xí)。 ②We regret____________you that your application has not been successful. 我們很遺憾地通知你，你的申請(qǐng)未通過(guò)。 ③Much________our regret，we will not be able to visit you next year. 讓我們深感遺憾的是，我們明年不能去拜訪你了。,答案：②to inform ③to,7．focus vt. 集中注意力；聚焦 n．焦點(diǎn)；關(guān)注點(diǎn) [教材原句] They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他們關(guān)心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。 [見(jiàn)證2014]By focusing on saving oil，water，paper，food，and clothing，we are playing a part in cutting down waste. 通過(guò)注重節(jié)約油、水、紙張、食品和衣物，我們正在參與減少?gòu)U物。 (2014·福建卷),(1)focus on/upon 集中(注意力、精力等)于 focus one's attention/mind on.把注意力集中在…… (2)adjust the focus調(diào)整焦點(diǎn)/焦距,①M(fèi)ary is the focus of everyone's attention. 瑪麗是大家注意的焦點(diǎn)。 ②I must try to________________work. 我必須努力把心思集中在工作上。 ③I'm so tired today that I can't____________anything. 今天我太累了，精神集中不起來(lái)。,答案：②focus my mind on ③focus on,8．reduce v．減少；縮減 [教材原句] A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. 肥沃的土壤減少了病蟲(chóng)害并且有助于農(nóng)作物的茁壯成長(zhǎng)。,①reduce.to.把……減少到…… ②reduce.by.把……減少了…… ③be reduced to淪落為……；陷入某種狀態(tài)；被降職到……,①Now the costs of a bike have been reduced to 50 dollars. 現(xiàn)在一輛自行車(chē)的成本已降低到50美元。 ②She reduced her weight________5 kilograms. 她的體重減輕了5公斤。 ③She was reduced to________(beg) for a living. 她被迫淪落到乞討為生。,答案：②by ③begging,9．comment n．評(píng)論；議論 vi.&vt.表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng)論 [教材原句] Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments. 和你的搭檔交換總結(jié)并互作評(píng)論。,①make comments on/about.對(duì)……加以評(píng)論 ②No comment！無(wú)可奉告！ ③comment on/upon sth.對(duì)……發(fā)表評(píng)論,①The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are. 老師經(jīng)常談?wù)撃莾蓚€(gè)男孩子的不同之處。 ②He ________________________the recent development. 他對(duì)最近的發(fā)展做了一些評(píng)論。,答案：②made some comments on,10．would rather 寧愿；寧可 [教材原句] He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的愛(ài)好上。,板塊二：短語(yǔ)和句型,,[見(jiàn)證2014]We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer. 我們很想讓女兒在家陪我們，但是那是她的選擇，她已不再是個(gè)孩子了。 (2014·陜西卷),①I(mǎi) would rather not say what I think. 我寧愿不說(shuō)出自己的想法。 ②He would rather die than give in to the enemy. ＝He would die____________give in to the enemy. 他寧死也不向敵人屈服。 ③I'd rather you____________me the truth yesterday. 我寧愿你昨天沒(méi)把事實(shí)告訴我。 ④I would rather____________with him. 我寧愿(當(dāng)時(shí))跟他去了。,答案：②rather than ③hadn't told ④have gone,11．build up 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開(kāi)發(fā) [教材原句] These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會(huì)在人體中堆積。,①build sb./oneself up增強(qiáng)體質(zhì) ②build up one's health/body增進(jìn)健康 ③build up a fame建立名聲,①They built up this business after ten years' struggle. 經(jīng)過(guò)了10年拼博他們建立了這家公司。 ②She plays Taijiquan to______________every morning. 她每天早上打太極拳來(lái)增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。 ③Try and______________a bit. 試試讓他增加對(duì)自己的信心。 ④Bears________fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep. 熊在夏天和秋天積累脂肪，以便有足夠的能量使它們度過(guò)冬眠。,答案：②build up her body ③build up his confidence ④build up,12．lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向…… [教材原句] Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 很多這類(lèi)化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)引起癌癥或其他疾病。 [見(jiàn)證2014]Pain is your body telling you something's wrong，and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. 疼痛是你的身體在告訴你出問(wèn)題了，繼續(xù)鍛煉可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的損傷。 (2014·重慶卷),①lead the way 帶路 ②lead sb.to some place 帶(領(lǐng))某人到(某處) ③lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 ④lead a．life 過(guò)著……的生活,①This will probably lead to trouble in the future. 這以后將可能導(dǎo)致麻煩。 ②The path leads directly________the house. 那條路直接通向那座房子。 ③Staying up too late led to his________(be)late. 熬夜太晚導(dǎo)致他來(lái)晚了。 ④We______________in the past. 過(guò)去我們過(guò)著艱苦的生活。 ⑤What________________this conclusion? 你是如何得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的？,答案：②to ③being ④led a hard life ⑤led you to,13．keep.free from/of使……免受(影響、傷害等) [教材原句] This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals. 這也能讓空氣、土壤、水和莊稼沒(méi)有了化學(xué)物質(zhì)。,①free from不受……影響的；沒(méi)有……的 ②be free of擺脫了……的 ③set free釋放；使獲得自由 ④free of charge免費(fèi) ⑤for free免費(fèi),①He was free from/of trouble at last. 他最后終于沒(méi)煩惱了。 ②If I owned a restaurant，I could eat______________. 如果我有家餐廳我就可以免費(fèi)吃飯了。 ③They were______________from the cruel rulers. 他們擺脫了殘忍的統(tǒng)治者，被釋放了。 ④I want to keep my son______________ computer games. 我想讓我兒子不受電腦游戲的影響。,答案：②for free/free of charge ③set free ④free from,14．If so，what did you do to grow them? 如果這樣的話，你做了些什么來(lái)種植這些植物？ [見(jiàn)證2014]The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30 ℃ in summer. 這里的氣候非常宜人，溫度極少會(huì)到達(dá)30攝氏度。 (2014·福建卷),(1)if so意為“如果是這樣的話”，是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，表示肯定意義，如果表示否定意義，則用if not。 (2)if構(gòu)成的其他省略形式： if any 如果有的話 if ever 如果有過(guò)/發(fā)生過(guò)的話 if possible 如果可能的話 if necessary 如果必要的話,①I(mǎi)f so，find out what would need to change. 如果是這樣，(請(qǐng))找出需要改變的事項(xiàng)。 ②Wash it in water，pick out the small particles，if________. 在水里洗一洗，如果有小顆粒，就挑出來(lái)。 ③If________，you should try it once more. 如果可能的話，你應(yīng)該再試一次。 ④If________，I'll go there myself. 如果有必要的話，我將親自去那兒一趟。,答案：②any ③possible ④necessary,15．Dr Yuan grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁博士種植的是被稱(chēng)為“超級(jí)雜交水稻”的稻種。 [見(jiàn)證2014]I think what impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 我認(rèn)為他的畫(huà)給我留下深刻印象的是他所使用的顏色。 (2014·天津卷),what is called super hybrid rice用做grows的賓語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)成分時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞what連接。,①After a hard time，they came to what is called America today. 艱難的努力后他們來(lái)到了現(xiàn)在稱(chēng)作美洲的地方。 ②He graduated from____________ a key high school. 他畢業(yè)于一所重點(diǎn)高中。 ③What we can't get seems better than______________. 我們得不到的東西似乎比我們擁有的東西好。,答案：②what was called ③what we already have,Ⅰ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．________(raise) your hat to a lady is good manners. 2．________(learn) some new words is not difficult for me. 3．He was not aware of ________(do) wrong. 4．We would appreciate ________(hear) from you. 5．________(expose) to the sun will make you burnt.,單元語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：動(dòng)詞-ing,形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),答案：1.Raising 2.Learning 3.having done 4．hearing 5.Being exposed,Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子 1．He did not regret____________________an objection against the plan but felt that he should have expressed it differently.(raise) 他不后悔對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，但覺(jué)得自己本應(yīng)該換種方式表達(dá)。 2．____________________the latest medical instruments has put the newly-built hospital at an advantage over the other hospitals.(equip) 這家新建的醫(yī)院裝備了最新醫(yī)療設(shè)備，這使它比別的醫(yī)院有優(yōu)勢(shì)。,答案：1.raising/having raised 2.Being equipped with,3．He couldn't help____________________at my words，and asked me a lot of questions.(confuse) 他不禁對(duì)我的話感到困惑，并問(wèn)了我一些問(wèn)題。 4．He was a bit annoyed at my__________________reading the report.(focus) 我集中注意力閱讀這份報(bào)告，這讓他有點(diǎn)惱火。 5．____________________doesn't necessarily mean that you are a social failure.(be) 失業(yè)未必就意味著你做人很失敗。,答案：3．feeling/being/getting confused 4.focusing my attention on 5．Being out of work/Being unemployed,