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Unit 4 Body language,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.statementn.陳述,說明 statevt.聲明,陳述 2.greet vt. 相關(guān)的 5.dormitoryn.宿舍,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,6.curiouslyadv.好奇地 curiousadj.好奇的 curiosityn.好奇心 7.approachvt.成熟的,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,13.spokenadj.口語的 unspoken(反義詞)adj.非口語的;未說出口的 14.likelyadj.可能的 unlikely(反義詞)adj.不太可能的 15.facialadj.面部的 16.functionn.作用;功能;職能 vi.起作用;運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 17.easen.安逸,舒適 vt.減輕(痛苦、憂慮) 18.trulyadv.真實地;真誠地;真正地 trueadj.真實的;準(zhǔn)確的 19.falseadj.錯誤的;假的 20.angern.怒氣,怒火 angryadj.生氣的,憤怒的,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,21.subjectiveadj.主觀的 subjectn.主題;學(xué)科,科目 22.hug vt. 軍銜,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.defend.against 保衛(wèi)……以免受;防御 2.be likely to 很可能……;有希望…… 3.in general 總的來說;通常 4.at ease 舒適;快活;自由自在 5.lose face 丟臉 6.turn one’s back to 背對 7.be impressed with對……印象深刻 8.in most cases在大多數(shù)情況下,往往,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.第一個到達(dá)的是從哥倫比亞來的托尼·加西亞,隨后緊跟著的是英國的朱莉婭·史密斯。 The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia,closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 2.各種文化背景下的人互致問候的方式不盡相同,身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。 Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 3.這些行為都無所謂好與壞,只不過是文化發(fā)展的不同方式而已。 These actions are not good or bad,but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.,,,,Do you know the cultural “body language”?People communicate with 1.spoken(speak) language,but they also express their 2.feelings(feel) using body language.For example,people from places like Spain,Italy or South American countries approach others 3.closely(close) and are more likely to touch them. Once another student and I,4.representing(represent) our university’s student association,went to an airport to meet international students.When Tony from Colombia 5.was introduced(introduce) to Julia from Britain,he touched her shoulder and kissed her 6.on the cheek.But Julia stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands,as if in 7.defence(defend).8.As I get to know more international friends,I learn more about this cultural “body language.” However,not all members of 9.a culture behave in the same way.In general,10.studying(study) international customs can help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?represent vt.代表;象征;說明;闡明 Yesterday,another student and I,representing our university’s student association,went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.昨天,我和另一個同學(xué)代表我們大學(xué)的學(xué)生會去首都國際機(jī)場迎接今年的國際學(xué)生。(教材原句P26) ◆常見用法 represent.as.把……描繪成…… represent sb.as/to be 宣稱某人為…… represent sth.to sb.=represent to sb.sth.向某人說明/傳達(dá)某事 He represented himself as an expert.他聲稱自己是一位專家。 Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.讓我用另一種方式來向你表述我的意見。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 representation n.表現(xiàn);描述,描繪;代表 representative n.代表 adj.典型的,有代表性的 ◆詞義辨析 1.represent指代表某人、團(tuán)體、政府等,或指某種標(biāo)志代表什么,某物表現(xiàn)或描繪的是什么。 2.stand for通常指字母、數(shù)字、符號等代表或象征什么。 3.on behalf of指代表或代替某人,只能作狀語。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用represent的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.The museum has several paintings which can be representative of the artist’s early style. 2.The bald eagle is the representation of the United States.,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?association n.交往;聯(lián)想;聯(lián)合;聯(lián)系;協(xié)會,社團(tuán) Yesterday,another student and I,representing our university’s student association,went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.昨天,我和另一個同學(xué)代表我們大學(xué)的學(xué)生會去首都國際機(jī)場迎接今年的國際學(xué)生。(教材原句P26) ◆拓展延伸 1.associate vt.使發(fā)生聯(lián)系;使結(jié)合 vi.交往 associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.=connect sb./sth.with sb./sth.else把……與……聯(lián)系起來 associate with sb.=spend time with sb.與某人交往 2.associated adj.聯(lián)合的;相關(guān)的 be associated with和……聯(lián)系起來,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,I prefer not to associate with colleagues outside work.工作以外,我不想和同事交往。 I do not wish to associate myself with any organization that promotes violence.我不想跟任何鼓吹暴力的組織扯上關(guān)系。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.The cancer risks associated with smoking have been well proved. 2.At the time,I was associated(associate) with him in a large law firm.,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?curiously adv.好奇地 After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive,I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.在等了半小時后,我看見幾個年輕人走進(jìn)了等候區(qū),好奇地向四周張望。(教材原句P26) ◆拓展延伸 1.curious adj.好奇的 be curious about 對……(感到)好奇;很想知道…… be curious to do sth.急于做某事;渴望做某事 It’s curious that.真奇怪…… 2.curiosityn.好奇心;求知欲 out of curiosity出于好奇,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,I am curious about Varna.我對瓦爾納很好奇。 I was curious to see what I would look like after cosmetic surgery.我曾好奇自己整容之后會是什么樣子。 I believe Wang Lin was just acting out of curiosity.我覺得王林這樣做只是出于好奇。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯 1.Don’t be too curiously about things you are not supposed to know.(curiously改為curious) 2.I had to explain the reasons to satisfy his curiosities.(curiosities改為curiosity),,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?approach vt.途徑 Tony approached Julia,touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!托尼走近朱莉婭,摸了摸她的肩,親了親她的臉!(教材原句P26) ◆常見用法 1.approach sb.for/about sth.就某事與某人商量/交涉 be approaching 正在/將要接近 approach to接近,近似 2.on the approach of.在快到……的時候 make approaches to sb.設(shè)法接近某人 approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,He approached me about creating and designing the restaurant.他來找我創(chuàng)辦并設(shè)計那家餐館。 We will explore different approaches to gathering information.我們將探索收集信息的不同方法。 ◆詞義辨析 1.approach指處理某事的具體方法、步驟,與介詞to連用。 2.method指有理論的、系統(tǒng)的、詳細(xì)的方法。構(gòu)成method of doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。 3.way,普通用語,側(cè)重簡便的方法或途徑。構(gòu)成the way to do/of doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。 4.means,單復(fù)數(shù)同形,可指具體的或抽象的方法、手段。構(gòu)成by.means結(jié)構(gòu)。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用approach的相關(guān)用法完成句子 1.石油價格已接近10年來的最高水平了。 Oil prices have been approaching their highest level for almost ten years. 2.就業(yè)市場變了,因此我們找工作的途徑也必須改變。 The job market has changed and our approach to finding work must change as well.,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?defend vt.保護(hù),防衛(wèi);辯護(hù) action of defending oneself against an enemy’s attack保護(hù)自己不受敵人攻擊的行動(教材原句P28) ◆常見用法 defend sb./sth.from.保護(hù)某人/物免遭…… defend sb./sth.against.抵御…… defend with sth.用……來保衛(wèi) The law defends people from injustice.法律保護(hù)人民免受不公待遇。 We must defend ourselves against the invaders.我們必須防御入侵之?dāng)场?重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆詞義辨析 1.defend指積極地抵抗、防御或挫敗迫在眉睫的危險或侵襲,也可指為某人或某論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)。常與against連用。 When a dog attacked me,I defended myself with a stick.當(dāng)一只狗攻擊我時,我用一根棍子防衛(wèi)。 2.guard意為“保衛(wèi),警衛(wèi),看守”,指為了保證安全而站立守衛(wèi),含有警惕之意。常與against連用。 It’s important to guard against diseases.預(yù)防疾病很重要。 3.protect指借用某種東西作為防御、保護(hù)工具,使人或物免受傷害,這種保護(hù)的成功率比defend,guard高。常與against,from連用。 We must protect children from danger.我們必須保護(hù)兒童免遭危險。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用defend,guard或protect的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.She defended herself successfully in court yesterday. 2.A line of forts was built along the border to protect/defend the country against attack. 3.We keep dogs to guard our houses at night against thieves.,,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?likely adj.可能的 However,people from places like Spain,Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.但是,來自像西班牙、意大利或南美等國家的人會站在離別人很近的地方,而且很可能(用身體)接觸對方。(教材原句P26) ◆常見用法 likely enough恐怕,也許 as likely as not很可能 It’s likely that sb=sb.be likely to do.某人很可能…… I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.如果今晚不穿大衣出去,我會感冒的。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 unlikely adj.不太可能發(fā)生的 be unlikely to.不大可能…… ◆詞義辨析 1.likely側(cè)重從表面看,某事很有可能發(fā)生,與probable意思相近。likely在作表語時,其主語可以是人也可以是物。 John is likely to be in London this autumn.今年秋天約翰可能在倫敦。 2.possible強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上有可能,但也常常暗示“實際上希望很小”。常用的句式為“It is possible for sb.to do sth.” 或 “It is possible+that從句”。其作表語時,不能用人作主語。 It’s possible that he will not accept the invitation.他有可能不接受邀請。 3.probable主要指有根據(jù)、合情理、值得相信的事物,常有“大概,很可能”的意味,語氣較possible強(qiáng)。常用的句式為“It is probable+從句”。其作表語時,不能用人或不定式作主語。 It is highly probable that it will rain today.今天很可能會下雨。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用likely,possible或probable填空 1.The thieves were not likely to know how much it is worth. 2.According to the test,it is probable that the disease has a genetic element. 3.Would it be possible for me to leave a message for her?,,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?at ease舒適;快活;自由自在 The most universal facial expression is,of course,the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.最普遍使用的面部表情當(dāng)然是微笑——其作用是表示快樂和安人心境。(教材原句P30) ◆常見用法 feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松 put/set sb.at ease使某人放松,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.with ease輕易地,毫不費(fèi)力地 take one’s ease休息,輕松一下 2.ease sb.’s mind 使某人安心 ease sb.of sth.減輕(痛苦、憂慮等);使某人安心 He gets on with strangers with ease.他與陌生人相處自如。 Machines ease the workers of heavy manual labour.機(jī)器使工人從繁重的體力勞動中解脫出來。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1.The dentist soon put the small girl at ease. 2.The horse jumped over the fence with ease.,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?in most cases 在大多數(shù)情況下;在大多數(shù)場合下 Looking away from people or yawning will,in most cases,make me appear to be uninterested.在多數(shù)情況下,把眼光從人們身上移開或者打個哈欠,會使我看上去(對此人或此事)不感興趣。(教材原句P30) ◆拓展延伸 in case 假如;以防;以防萬一 in case of 假如,如果發(fā)生;以防 in case that.萬一;如果是那樣的話 in this/that case 這/那樣的話 in any case 無論如何,不管怎樣 in no case 決不,在任何情況下都不,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,I’m sure Harry will remember,but why not give him a ring just in case?我確信哈里會記得,但為了以防萬一,為什么不給他打個電話呢? In case of fire,open this safety door.一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi),打開這扇安全門。 In any case,finish this work today.無論如何,今天要把這項工作完成。 Anybody should in no case be allowed to stay here.決不許任何人在這里停留。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆詞義辨析 1.in case相當(dāng)于連詞,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,后接一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時或should,意為“假如,以防(萬一)”。in case還可作副詞使用,放在句尾,表示“以防萬一”。 You’d better take an umbrella with you in case it rains.你最好帶把雨傘以防下雨。 Before setting out,I packed emergency appliances including a lighter in case.出發(fā)之前,我?guī)狭税ù蚧饳C(jī)在內(nèi)的應(yīng)急工具,以防萬一。 2.in case of為介詞短語,后接名詞作賓語,意為“以防,要是……,在……的時候”。 You’d better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.你最好帶把雨傘以防下雨。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯 1.In case of he arrives before I get back,please ask him to wait in my office.(刪除of) 2.—I have made up my mind. —In any case,we needn’t discuss it now.(any改為that/this) 3.In case of difficult,we call the police.(difficult改為difficulty),,,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?不定式作后置定語 The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia,closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一個到達(dá)的是從哥倫比亞來的托尼·加西亞,隨后緊跟著的是英國的朱莉婭·史密斯。(教材原句P26) to arrive是不定式作后置定語。當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時,常用不定式作后置定語。 不定式作定語與被修飾詞之間存在關(guān)系如下。 1.主謂關(guān)系。 In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up.在我家我媽媽總是第一個起床。 2.動賓關(guān)系。如果不定式里的動詞是不及物動詞,則要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞,才能直接修飾前面的賓語。 He has a lot of books to read.他有很多書要看。 She has nothing to worry about.她沒什么可擔(dān)心的。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,3.動狀關(guān)系。 被修飾詞如果是不定式里動詞的狀語,多用介詞短語。由于被修飾詞前沒有介詞,所以只能在不定式里的動詞后加介詞。 I have no house to live in.我沒有房子住。 4.不存在主謂、動賓、動狀關(guān)系。被修飾詞與不定式里的動詞不存在主謂、動賓、動狀關(guān)系的,被修飾詞多是些抽象名詞。 I have no time to go to the movie.我沒有時間去看電影。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯 1.The last one to arriving pays the meal.(arriving改為arrive) 2.She was the first black woman win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.(在win前加to),,,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語從句 These actions are not good or bad,but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.這些行為都無所謂好與壞,只不過是文化發(fā)展的不同方式而已。(教材原句P26) 在本句中,in which cultures have developed是定語從句,用來修飾ways。way充當(dāng)先行詞時,一定要注意其在定語從句中所作的成分。如果way作賓語或表語,關(guān)系詞要用that或which;如果way作狀語,關(guān)系詞要用that,in which或不填。 This is the only way that/which you can find.這是你能找到的唯一的方法。 She is fond of the way(that/in which) the famous Japanese actor smokes.她喜歡那位日本男影星抽煙的姿勢。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯 1.What surprised me was not what he said but in the way he said it.(刪除in) 2.I don’t like the way which he speaks to his mother.(which改為that或在which前加in或刪除which),,,,一、單句填空 1.(2015·天津高考改編)Absorbed in painting,John didn’t notice evening _________ (approach). 1.approaching。此處結(jié)構(gòu)為“感官動詞(notice)+賓語(evening)+賓補(bǔ)(approaching)”。句意:約翰專心于畫畫,他沒有注意到夜晚來臨。 2.(2015·四川高考改編)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very (like) to be a Beethoven. 2.likely。be likely to do“很可能做……”。句意:布雷恩在譜曲方面有天賦,他很可能成為下一個貝多芬。 3.(2014·浙江高考改編)Facing up to your problem rather than running away from them is the best approach working things out. 3.to。固定搭配approach to (doing) sth.“(做)某事的方法”。,4.Could any one of you make up a situation these new tools can be applied? 4.where。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作狀語,且其先行詞為situation,故用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 5.(2013·江蘇高考改編)It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an (organize). 5.organization。 空前有冠詞an修飾,應(yīng)用名詞。organization“組織”。 6.(2013·江蘇高考改編)Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment (associate) with making mistakes. 6.associated。associated with making mistakes充當(dāng)embarrassment的定語,相當(dāng)于定語從句which is associated with making mistakes。,7.(2013·山東高考改編)The Smiths are praised the way they bring up their children. 7.for。句意:史密斯夫婦因為他們養(yǎng)育孩子的方式而受到稱贊。短語be praised for.“因……而受到稱贊”。 8.(2012·重慶高考改編)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, _______ will he even give it a thought. 8.nor。上文是否定,下文用的是倒裝,且even一詞也提示此處是連續(xù)的否定,故用nor。not.nor.“既不……又不……”。 9.(2012·重慶高考改編)Evidence (find) through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 9.has been found。evidence與find之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。此處是同位語從句,that后面的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充說明名詞evidence。,10.(2012·安徽高考改編)A lot of language learning, has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 10.as。句意:正如發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣,大量的語言學(xué)習(xí)是在出生后的第一年發(fā)生的,所以父母應(yīng)當(dāng)在那一時期多和孩子說話。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“ has been discovered”為非限制性定語從句,又因空處指代“A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整個句子,故用as,表示“正如”。,二、單元話題微寫作 身體語言 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。 1.人們通常使用口頭語言進(jìn)行交流,但是在日常生活中,人們也會廣泛地使用身體語言。(in general) 2.很顯然,在整個人類歷史中,人們頻繁地使用身體語言進(jìn)行交流。(throughout;frequently) 3.身體語言和口頭語言一樣重要,例如,當(dāng)你的朋友傷心的時候,一個微笑或許比語言更有用。(cheer up;make sense) 4.同樣地,在嘈雜的環(huán)境下,使用身體語言去交流會更加容易。(be surrounded by;in this case),People in general communicate with others by spoken language.However,body language is widely used in our daily life as well.And it is obvious that throughout human being’s history,people used body language to communicate with others frequently.Body language is as important as spoken language.For example,when your friend is depressed,a smile to cheer him up makes more sense than any words in my opinion.Similarly,when surrounded by noises,you cannot make yourself understood by words.In this case,body language including gestures can be used to express your ideas instead.,