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Unit 4 Global warming,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.consumevt.消費;消耗,耗盡;吃完 consumptionn.消費;消耗 consumedadj.耗盡的 2.phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象 phenomena(pl.) 3.subscribevt.簽署(文件);捐助 vi.同意;捐贈;訂閱 subscriptionn.捐助;訂閱;簽名 4.quantityn.量;數(shù)量 quality(形近詞)n.質(zhì)量 5.tendvt.照顧;護理 vi.趨向;易于;照顧 tendencyn.傾向;趨勢 6.opposevt.反對;反抗;(與某人)較量 opposedadj.反對的,對立的,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,7.consequencen.結(jié)果;后果;影響 consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的;隨之發(fā)生的 consequentlyadv.作為結(jié)果地;隨之發(fā)生地 8.statevt.陳述,說明 n.狀態(tài),情況;國家;州 statementn.陳述,說明 9.rangen.種類;范圍 vi.在……范圍內(nèi)變化 10.glancevi.看一下;掃視 n.一瞥 11.steadyadj.平穩(wěn)的,穩(wěn)固的;持續(xù)的 steadilyadv.平穩(wěn)地;持續(xù)地 12.widespreadadj.分布廣泛的;普遍的 13.averageadj.平均的 n.平均數(shù) 14.existencen.生存;存在 existvi.生存;存在,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,15.advocatevt.擁護;提倡,主張 n.擁護者,支持者 advocationn.擁護;提倡,主張 mitmentn.承諾;交托;信奉 commitvt.承諾;托付,交付 17.pollutionn.污染,弄臟 pollutevt.污染,弄臟 18.growthn.增長;生長 growvi.生長 grew(過去式) grown(過去分詞) 19.electricaladj.電的,與電有關(guān)的 electricityn.電,電流 electronicadj.電子的,電子學(xué)的,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,20.circumstancen.環(huán)境;情況 21.educatorn.教育工作者;教育家 educationn.教育 educationaladj.教育的,有教育意義的 22.contributionn.貢獻 contributevt.不一致 disagreevi.不同意 agree(反義詞)vt.& vi.同意,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,e about 發(fā)生;造成 2.subscribe to 同意,贊成;訂閱 3.quantities of/a quantity of 大量的 4.go up 上升,增長;升起 5.result in 導(dǎo)致 6.be opposed to 反對 7.even if 即使 8.keep on 繼續(xù) 9.on the whole 大體上,基本上 10.on behalf of 代表……一方;作為……的代言人 11.put up with 忍受,容忍 12.so long as 只要,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,13.and so on 等等 14.build up 聚集,集結(jié),,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.如果沒有溫室效應(yīng),地球(的溫度)會比現(xiàn)在(的溫度)低33攝氏度左右。 Without the “greenhouse effect”,the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. 2.毫無疑問全球在變暖,而地球變暖正是人類活動導(dǎo)致的,并非一種無規(guī)律的自然現(xiàn)象。 There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 3.只要你在使用電器設(shè)備,你便可以把它開著;如果不用就把它關(guān)掉! It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not,turn it off! 4.所有科學(xué)家都贊同這種觀點:人們?yōu)榱松a(chǎn)能量而燃燒諸如煤、天然氣和石油這類化石燃料,從而引起了地球溫度的升高。 All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.,,,,,,,,,The temperature of the earth is rising rapidly pared(compare) to other natural changes.So how has this come about and does it matter?All scientists subscribe to the view 2.that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to 3.the burning of fossil fuels like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.Some byproducts of this process 4.are called(call) “greenhouse” gases,the most important one of 5.which is carbon dioxide.When huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide 6.are(be) added into the atmosphere,more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere 7.causing(cause) the global temperature to go up. The attitudes of scientists towards this rise are pletely(complete) different.Some think that the trend which increases the temperature would be a catastrophe.Others are opposed 9.to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases,the climate is going to keep on warming for decades 10.or centuries.All in all,greenhouse gases are continuing to build up in the atmosphere.No one knows exactly the effects of global warming.,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?subscribe vt.簽名;捐助 vi.訂閱;同意,贊成;捐贈;認購(股份等) All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科學(xué)家都贊同這種觀點:人們?yōu)榱松a(chǎn)能量而燃燒諸如煤、天然氣和石油這類化石燃料,從而引起了地球溫度的升高。(教材原句P26) ◆常見用法 subscribe to 訂閱(報紙、雜志等);贊同,同意(多用于疑問句和否定句);定期捐款 subscribe.to.在……上簽署;向……捐款 subscribe for 認購(股票等),重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.當(dāng)局不再支持殘疾人不適宜做教師的觀點。 He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.他向救濟基金捐贈巨資。 Each of us subscribed for 500 shares.我們每人認購500股。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 寫出劃線詞語的含義 1.The school has subscribed to many kinds of new magazines for the teachers.訂閱 2.He subscribed his name to the contract.在……上簽名 3.No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.同意,贊同 4.We subscribe to an animal protection society.向……定期捐款,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?tend vt.照顧,照料 vi.易于;趨向,傾向;照顧,照料 It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中,從而引起全球溫度上升。(教材原句P26) ◆常見用法 tend to do sth.易于做某事;往往會做某事 tend to/towards sth.有……的趨勢,傾向于 Old people tend to get fat.老年人容易發(fā)胖。 Modern furniture design tends to simplicity.現(xiàn)代家具設(shè)計趨向簡單。 ◆拓展延伸 tendency n.傾向,趨勢 have a tendency to do sth.易于做某事;往往會做某事,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用tend的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.Many people hold mistaken beliefs about the reason for cancer,tending to think it is environmental factors rather than personal behavior. 2.I never forget the days when I was tended by the villagers when I was wounded. 3.The girl is nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?oppose vt.反對,反抗 On the other hand,there are those,like George Hambley,who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面,還有一些人,像科學(xué)家喬治·漢布利,反對上面的觀點,他們認為我們不必擔(dān)心空氣中會有高含量的二氧化碳。(教材原句P27) ◆常見用法 oppose (doing) sth.反對(做)某事 Father does not oppose the idea at all.父親絲毫不反對這個想法。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.opposed adj.反對的,對立的 be opposed to (doing) sth.反對(做)某事 2.object to (doing) sth.反對(做)某事 be against sth.反對某事 I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反對與他人一起外出購物。 I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反對收停車費。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.The committee is totally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 2.The President opposes giving(give) military aid to this country. 3.The professor,opposed(oppose) to carrying out the project,made a comment on the report.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?state vt.陳述,說明 n.狀態(tài),狀況,情形;國家;政府;州 In fact,Hambley states,“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.”漢布利實際上是這樣說的:“二氧化碳含量的增加實際上是件好事”。(教材原句P27) ◆常見用法 1.It is stated that.據(jù)陳述……,據(jù)說明…… as stated above 如上所述 2.in a good/bad state 狀態(tài)良好/不好 in a state of shock 處于休克/震驚的狀態(tài)中 in a poor state of health 健康狀況欠佳 The witness stated that she had never seen Mr Smith.證人宣稱她以前從未見過史密斯先生。 The driver was in a state of shock.司機正處于休克狀態(tài)。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.如上文所說,幸福和財富來源于你的想法。 As stated above,the happiness and fortune come from your mind. 2.她健康欠佳,她的母親非常擔(dān)心。 She is in a poor state of health,which worries her mother much. 3.嚴(yán)冬過后,這些公路的路況極差。 The roads are in a terrible/bad state after the severe winter weather.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?average adj.平均的;平常的 n.平均數(shù);平均水平 The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15 ℃.溫室效應(yīng)使地球表面的平均溫度保持在15 ℃。(教材原句P29) ◆常見用法 an average of 平均為 above/below (the) average 在一般水準(zhǔn)以上/下 up to (the) average 達到一般水準(zhǔn) on (the) average 平均起來;一般說來 Tom’s work at school is above the average.湯姆的功課在學(xué)校是中等偏上。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.These Senior 3 students took a total of 20 examinations,an average of 5 each month. 2.On average a cow produces 40 glasses of milk daily.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?advocate vt.擁護;提倡 n.擁護者,支持者 However,I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.然而,我依然認為人們應(yīng)該支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。(教材原句P30) ◆常見用法 1.advocate (doing) sth.主張(做)某事 advocate that.主張……,倡導(dǎo)……(從句用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略) 2.an advocate of.……的擁護者 Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.很多專家主張對小孩的良好表現(xiàn)加以獎勵。 The report advocated that all buildings (should) be fitted with smoke detectors.報告主張所有的建筑物都應(yīng)安裝煙霧探測器。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,This judge is a strong advocate of prison reform.這位法官是監(jiān)獄改革的堅決擁護者。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1.The minister advocated a change of the tax laws. →The minister advocated changing the tax laws. 2.Some educators advocated rewarding children for their great performance. →Some educators advocated that children (should) be rewarded for their great performance.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?circumstance n.環(huán)境;情況 Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情況允許的話,把罐頭盒、瓶子、塑料袋和報紙回收利用起來。(教材原句P30) ◆常見用法 in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下;情況既然如此 in any circumstances 在任何情況下 in/under no circumstances 決不,無論如何都不(放句首時用倒裝語序) Don’t open the door,in any circumstances.在任何情況下都不要開門。 We must under no circumstances give up halfway.我們絕不能半途而廢。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.在這種情況下沒有人能幫助他。 Nobody can help him in/under the circumstances . 2.你在任何情況下都不能離開崗位。 In/Under no circumstances must you leave your post.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?range n.批,組,類;范圍,幅度 vi.在……范圍內(nèi)變化 ◆常見用法 1.a range of 一類,一批,一套 a wide/broad/whole range of 各種不同的 beyond/out of one’s range 超出某人的范圍 within one’s range 在某人范圍之內(nèi) 2.range from.to.處在……到……范圍內(nèi) range between.and.處在……和……之間 We have students from a wide range of backgrounds.我們的學(xué)生來自各種不同的背景。 Such a decision is not within the range of my responsibility.做這樣的決定不屬于我的職責(zé)范圍。 Costs range from 50 to 700 pounds.花費在50英鎊到700英鎊之間。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.這所房子的價格遠遠超出我們能承受的范圍。 The price of the house is well beyond our range. 2.這個隊有10名隊員的年齡在10歲至16歲之間。 The team contained ten players whose ages ranged between 10 and 16.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?come about 發(fā)生;造成 So how has this come about and does it matter?那么,這種溫度的增長是怎么產(chǎn)生的呢?會有什么影響嗎?(教材原句P26) How did it come about that he knew where we were?他是怎么知道我們在什么地方的呢? How did this dangerous state of affairs come about?這種危險的事態(tài)是怎么發(fā)生的? ◆詞義辨析 e about常指不受控制的事情的發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于happen。常用句型:“How does/did it come about that.?”意為“……是怎樣發(fā)生的?” 2.happen 強調(diào)事件發(fā)生的偶然性。 3.take place 強調(diào)必然性或按實際的安排或計劃而發(fā)生。 4.break out 指災(zāi)難性的事件,如戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等的爆發(fā)。 5.occur指意想不到的事情的發(fā)生,是相當(dāng)正式的用詞,很少用在口語中。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 根據(jù)所給漢語意思填入適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~或動詞短語 1.It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it came about(發(fā)生) that she was two hours late on such a short trip. 2.Just then a bright idea occurred(出現(xiàn)) to me. 3.I happened(碰巧) to meet him in the boiler room yesterday. 4.If a war broke out(爆發(fā)),many other countries would be affected.,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?quantities of 大量的,許多的(修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)) The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.當(dāng)我們向空氣中排放大量額外的二氧化碳時,問題就來了。(教材原句P26) Small quantities of poison were detected in the dead man’s stomach.在死者胃中發(fā)現(xiàn)了少量的毒藥。 ◆拓展延伸 a quantity of 許多的,大量的(修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)) in large quantities 大量地 in quantity 大量地 It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity.大宗購物比較便宜。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities(quantity) of water have been polluted. 2.As a result of people’s destroying the forest,a large quantity of desert has covered the earth in recent years. 3.Do you give a discount if we buy it in large quantities(quantity)?,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?result in導(dǎo)致 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他們還贊同下述觀點,正是由于越來越多地燃燒化石燃料導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。(教材原句P26) ◆拓展延伸 1.result from.由……造成,因……而產(chǎn)生 as a result結(jié)果 as a result of.由于…… with the result that.其結(jié)果是…… without result沒有結(jié)果;白費 2.lead to導(dǎo)致;(道路)通向 bring about造成,引起,導(dǎo)致 cause導(dǎo)致;引起,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,His illness resulted from eating bad food.他的病是吃了變質(zhì)食物引起的。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.這次事故造成了三人死亡。 The accident resulted in three people being killed. 2.艾麗斯今天早上睡過了頭,結(jié)果上班遲到了。 Alice overslept this morning.As a result,she was late for work. 3.我遲到了,因此我沒能趕上火車。 I was late,with the result that I missed my train.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?keep on doing 繼續(xù)做;反復(fù)做 Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量,在(未來)幾十年或幾個世紀(jì)內(nèi),氣候仍會持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。(教材原句P27) ◆拓展延伸 go on doing=continue doing/to do sth.繼續(xù)做某事 keep doing sth.一直做某事(強調(diào)持續(xù)狀態(tài)) keep sb.doing sth.讓某人一直做某事 keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep it up 繼續(xù)干下去,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.過去那位雇主讓他們整天干活。 The employer kept them working all day in the past. 2.大雨未能阻止他們看足球賽。 The heavy rain didn’t keep them from watching the football match. 3.干得好!繼續(xù)好好干吧! Well done!Keep it up!,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,so long as (=as long as)只要 It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not,turn it off!只要你在使用電器設(shè)備,你便可以把它開著;如不用,就把它關(guān)掉!(教材原句P30) so/as long as引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,相當(dāng)于on condition that,provided that或if(只要,如果)。 I don’t mind as long as it doesn’t rain.只要不下雨就行了。 As long as you drive carefully,you will be very safe.如果你小心開車,你就會很安全。 ◆拓展延伸 as well as也,和;與……一樣好 as good as幾乎;與……一樣好 as far as就……而言,至于;遠至…… as soon as一……就……;如……那么早/快,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.他工作和熟練工人一樣出色。 He works as well as a skilled worker. 2.這臺舊機器維護得很好,看起來像新的一樣。 The old machine is well maintained and looks as good as new. 3.據(jù)我所知,她并沒請假。 As far as I know,she did not ask for a day off. 4.我的書你要借多久都隨你的便。 You can keep my book as/so long as you like. 5.我想要盡快見你。 I’d like to see you as soon as possible.,,,,,,一、單句填空 1.(2015·福建高考改編)Sometimes we have a (disagree) with people. 1.disagreement。have a disagreement with sb.“與某人有分歧”。 2.(2014·廣東高考改編)He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts,with 500 (subscribe) from West Africa to New Zealand. 2.subscribers。subscriber“訂戶,簽署者,捐獻者”,此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意:他甚至創(chuàng)立了一個由海灘流浪者和海洋專家組成的協(xié)會,有來自從非洲到新西蘭的500名會員。 3.(2014·遼寧高考改編)Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the (tend) to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. 3.tendency?？涨坝衪he修飾,應(yīng)用名詞。句意:研究人員進行試驗是為了發(fā)現(xiàn),使用掌上電腦是否能夠通過逐字記錄教授講座內(nèi)容增加“無須動腦”記筆記的可能性。,4.(2014·浙江高考改編)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making it the driest year since California became state in 1850. 4.a。此處用不定冠詞a表示泛指。句意:去年這里的平均降水量為18.75厘米,這使得去年成為加利福尼亞自1850年建州以來最干旱的一年。 5.(2014·福建高考改編)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for (grow). 5.growth。growth為名詞,意為“生長,成長”。句意:學(xué)生應(yīng)該使他們自己參與到團體活動中來,在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長經(jīng)驗。 6.(2014·四川高考改編)This is (oppose)to the “early bird” schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. 6.opposed。be opposed to“與……不同,而不是,反對”。句意:這與“早起者”的時間安排不同,是一種個人熬夜時間超過午夜的紊亂狀況。,7.(2014·廣東高考改編)After countless interviews and (presentation),I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. 7.presentations。presentation作可數(shù)名詞,表示“陳述,描述”。 8.(2013·山東高考改編)He did a survey,which showed that (consumer) of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. 8.consumers。consumer為可數(shù)名詞,此處用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。句意:他做的一項調(diào)查表明,其他快餐連鎖店的消費者不愿意離開它們。 9.(2013·浙江高考改編)I felt (mild) victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying,but at my next free period I had to face him. 9.mildly。mildly“適度地,略微,有點兒”。句意:令我還有些成就感的是我終于順利地上完了課,而且也沒有哭,但下一節(jié)課不得不面對他了。,10.(2013·重慶高考改編)It is filled with symbiotic existences,too;unimaginable (quantity) of creatures,little and large alike,mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony,giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat,a kind of sub-ocean vitality. 10.quantities。quantities of“大量的”為固定短語。,二、單元話題微寫作 環(huán)境保護 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。 1.科學(xué)家贊同全球變暖會導(dǎo)致不良后果。(subscribe to;result in;bad environmental consequences) 2.他們傾向于擁護用節(jié)省能源和回收廢料的方法保護環(huán)境。(tend to;advocate) 3.他們建議我們使用節(jié)省能源的器具,如電力發(fā)動機、微波爐等。(appliance;electrical motor;microwave;and so on) 4.他們還建議我們不要對如回收罐子這種小事漫不經(jīng)心。(be casual about) 5.只要每個人都做出貢獻,我們就不必再忍受空氣污染了。(so long as;make a contribution;put up with),All scientists subscribe to the view that global warming results in bad environmental consequences.They tend to advocate protecting our environment by saving energy and recycling waste.It is suggested that we use energy-saving appliances such as electrical motors,microwaves and so on and not be casual about little things like recycling a can.So long as everybody makes a contribution,we will not have to put up with air pollution any more.,