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第2講 介詞和介詞短語,專題2 形容詞、副詞、介詞和介詞短語,,2016高考導(dǎo)航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ,專題2 形容詞、副詞、介詞和介詞短語,,1. (2015·高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；____________ the same time，they warm up again for the night. 2．(2015·山東濰坊三模)The watches arrived in stores ____________late April.They are sold at different prices，beginning at $349.,考點一 高頻介詞,at,in,3．(2015·濟南模擬)The largest quantity of illegal drugs ever was found____________a London flat yesterday. 4．(2015·鄭州第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)____________his incredible talent，Messi has surprised the world.,in,With,1．a(chǎn)t (1)表示時間的一點，時刻等，如：at 12：00，at noon(在中 午)，at night(在夜里)，at midnight(在半夜)，at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破曉)，at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日 落)，at dusk(在黃昏)。 (2)固定搭配：laugh at，at the same time，be surprised at， be good at等。,2．in (1)表示在某個較長的時間內(nèi)(如：世紀(jì)、朝代、年代、月份及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等)，如：in the 1980’s/1980s，in the Qing Dynasty，in October，in the morning/afternoon/evening。 (2)表示地點：in Beijing，in the classroom。,3．on (1)用于表示具體的日子或一個特定的時間(如：某日、某節(jié) 日、星期幾等)，如：on October the first，on a rainy day，on National Day等。 (2)用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上，如：on Christmas Eve(在圣誕前夕)，on the morning of January the third等。 (3)準(zhǔn)時，按時：on time。,4．by (1)不涉及交通工具的名詞時用by，名詞前不帶冠詞。如：by sea，by water，by land，by air等。 (2)涉及交通工具的名詞時用by，但名詞需用單數(shù)，其前面不加冠詞和任何修飾語。如：by bike，by taxi，by plane，by ship/boat，by train，by spaceship等。,5．with,Put this bag with the others. 把這個包和其他的包放在一起。,(2014·高考江蘇卷，書面表達(dá)，節(jié)選) With the number of English learners on the rise，it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.隨著英語學(xué)習(xí)者的數(shù)量越來越多，對他們來說在漢語的上下文里理解這些英語單詞并不是很困難。,The dictionary is what I want，but I don’t have enough money with me.這本字典正是我想要的，但是我沒帶夠錢。,(2014·高考北京卷，書面表達(dá)，節(jié)選)There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school. 在我們學(xué)校自行車存放處有一個長久以來就存在的問題。,What will you buy with the money？你會用這筆錢買什么？,單句語法填空 1．(2015·濰坊模擬)The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale____________a reasonable price，and the house was within a stone’s throw of a railway station from which there were frequent trains to the big city. 2．(2015·河南頂級名校5月模擬)A farmer，Mr.Tan，said that the storm began early____________the morning and lasted for over an hour.,at,in,3．(2016·濟南高三針對性訓(xùn)練)They say that compared to children who grow up in homes____________smokers， children with parents who smoke have smaller lungs and more illnesses. 4．(2015·龍口模擬)____________its first day of trading，Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $46 a share.,without,On,1．(2016·南昌十所重點中學(xué)交流試卷)He searched_________ the bag day and night.He also sent his workers in search but none could find it. 2．(2015·青島自主診斷)Look back and think how often you’ve judged roughly，said unkind things，pushed yourself ahead____________the cost of a friend.,考點二 介詞短語,for,at,3．(2015·福州質(zhì)量檢測)At first，they went on a day trip， taking advantage____________special trip tickets on the railways.,of,一、介詞與某些詞類的搭配 1．形容詞與介詞的固定搭配,angry，mad，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，disappointed等,afraid，frightened，ashamed，aware，convinced，short，full，fond，proud等,angry，connected，content，familiar,patient, pleased，popular，satisfied，strict等,weak，different，rich，interested，successful，absorbed，disappointed，experienced，confident等,good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，close，similar，familiar等,sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry，responsible等,sorry，anxious，careless，certain，curious，enthusiastic，particular，optimistic等,2.名詞與介詞的固定搭配,key，answer，visit，apology，introduction，attitude，monument，devotion等,interest，expert等,congratulations，effect等,3.動詞與介詞的固定搭配,speak，talk，think，worry等,answer，call，apply，beg，care，charge，hunt，hope，wish，long，search，seek等,aim，call，glare，glance，knock，laugh，point，stare等,date，die，differ，hear，keep，stop，prevent，learn，protect，result，separate，suffer等,approve，complain，consist，die，dream，think等,call，carry，depend，feed，insist，pass，try，rely等,break，call，cut，drop，fill，get，hand，join，persist，result，succeed等,burst，change，divide等,agree，attend，belong，compare，devote，get，lead，object，point，refer，reply，see等,二、高頻介詞短語薈萃 1．表示“狀態(tài)”的介詞短語 at a loss不知所措 at dinner在吃晚餐 at peace處于和平狀態(tài) at war在戰(zhàn)爭中 at work在工作 in high spirits情緒高昂 in need處于困難中 in order整齊 in rags穿著破爛 in surprise吃驚 in trouble在困難中 on business因公出差 on duty在值班 on holiday/vacation 在度假,on sale在出售 on show在展出 on strike在罷工 on the way在途中 out of balance失去平衡 out of control失去控制 out of danger脫離危險 out of date過期 out of order出故障 out of work失業(yè) 2.表示“方式”的介詞短語 by accident偶然地 by chance偶然地 by hand手工地 by mistake錯誤地 by nature天生地 by the month按月算 by turns輪流 by weight按重量 in cash用現(xiàn)金支付 in detail詳細(xì)地,in size在大小上 with ease輕易地 with joy高興地 with pleasure愉快地 3．表示“超出……；難以……”含義的介詞短語 beyond compare 無與倫比 beyond comprehension 難以理解 beyond control 失控 beyond description 難以描述 beyond expression 難以表達(dá) beyond reach 夠不到,4．其他高頻介詞短語 against nature 違背自然 at dawn 在黎明 at the cost of 以……的代價 at the mercy of 任憑……的擺布 at the sight of 一看到……就 at the age of 在……歲時 in (the) face of 面對，面臨 in addition to 另外 in case of 萬一,in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，主管 in exchange of 作為交換 in favor of 贊成，支持 in honor of 為了紀(jì)念 in need of 需要 in a hurry 匆忙 in the hope of 帶著……的希望 in no way 決不 in preparation for 為……作準(zhǔn)備 in response to 作為回應(yīng) in return for 作為回報,in spite of 盡管，雖然 in the charge of 在……的管理之下 in the possession of 被……擁有 on account of 因為 on behalf of 代表 on condition that 在……的條件下,單句語法填空 1．(2015·南昌十所重點中學(xué)模擬)We can also turn to our English teacher for help，if necessary.In short，I believe that it is____________great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills. 2．(2015·山東棗莊模擬)He then turned off the light and buried his head in the pillow.But even so he could not shut____________the noise.Finally，his patience was gone.,of,off,3．(2015·太原三立中學(xué)階段檢測)White fat stores extra energy，which results____________weight gain. 4．(2015·河南省三門峽市考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes____________sale.,in,on,技法1 熟記介詞用法 介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、其他介詞等的習(xí)慣搭配比較固定，是高考考查的熱點和難點。考生要準(zhǔn)確掌握同一介詞與不同詞搭配以及不同介詞與同一詞搭配的準(zhǔn)確含義，解題時要注意把握語境，從而輕松確定答案。在短文改錯題 中，會考查一些介詞錯用或漏用的題目。,(2015·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away__________car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city. 【解析】 句意：對于那些乘坐飛機去桂林的人來說，(去陽朔)只需要一個小時的車程，而且路上可以一覽這座更為著名的城市(桂林)的所有景色。by car為固定 搭 配，意為“乘汽 車”，故填by。,by,技法2 巧記固定搭配 高考卷對于介詞基本用法的考查主要在語篇型語法填空和短文改錯中，以在具體語境中考查高頻介詞的形式出現(xiàn)。,(2014·高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)One morning, I was waiting____________the bus stop，worried about being late for school. 【解析】句意：一天早上,我在公共汽車站等候，擔(dān)心上學(xué)遲到。表示出現(xiàn)的場所、位置、空間或地點用at。故填at。,at,